Development assistance has been important in providing sustained socio-economic progress in a developing country. Overall, it has decreased consumption poverty, contributed to a rapid expansion of modern sectors (industry), enhanced government spending, and increased aggregate investment. However, not all countries and aid organizations follow the same development guidelines but compose different development strategies. In this research, I will make an analytical comparison between China's development strategy, which is mainly directed at achieving societal development, and Sweden's development strategy which is more focused on the rights of the individual. This research will analyze the development strategies of the two aforementioned countries in Ethiopia, as both countries have a longstanding relationship of providing development assistance there. Furthermore, the Ethiopian government has been showing signs of developmental authoritarianism, which is concurrent with China's development strategy and national political system. Nevertheless, various conflicts and human rights violations suggest the need for policies more focused on individual rights, as Sweden presented. I will analyze the current situation in Ethiopia through the theoretical concept "negative-positive peace framework". Additionally, this research will analyze if and how the donor countries are benefiting from the development assistance, and how the development strategies affect global actors outside of Ethiopia.

Assuming that Africa is serious in its intent to become a developed role player in the global world, then information and the way in which it is managed is of critical concern. This study is inter alia informed by the need for an interdisciplinary, holistic approach to information management integrating relevant aspects and characteristics of human beings as well as aspects of the life and culture, economy and ecology of a community with sustainable development, and by the notion that information is a crucial resource in development projects. The study responds to the acute need for trained information managers/agents in development projects and aims to develop an information management model to be used in development projects in Africa. Chapter one identifies the problem to be investigated, the objectives to be attained, the research methodology to be followed, and the significance of research into development in Africa. This is placed within a theoretical framework focusing on managing information flows in developing communities. Chapter two focuses on the present status of development policies and conditions in Africa. It seeks to facilitate understanding of current development initiatives, particularly where these relate to information management and its interrelationship with coordinating development agencies such as the African Union, NEPAD and the Africa Peer Review Mechanism. The importance of information management as a holistic approach to long-term sustainable development in Africa is highlighted. Chapter three focuses on information management as a core concept in development. The basic management activities of the proposed integrated and multidisciplinary model for information management are described. The use of organisational development theory in a community context is proposed as a means to integrate project management principles with the needs of communities affected by development processes and projects, so as enable communities to accept development and change. The need for awareness of socio-cultural tensions emerging in communities during development processes is discussed in Chapter four. Reference is made to sixteen cultural elements guiding the activities in communities and influencing development and/or information, as well as the interaction between these during development and change processes. In this, human development is defined as a process of personal change, growth and advancement through processes involving the acquisition of knowledge, development of the capability to make decisions and to participate in the activities of a community. Chapter five proposes a three-part model for information management in development, which serves as a holistic, integrated and multi-disciplinary tool for information managers and agents in development projects in Africa. The model proposes three categories of (circular) information flow during development process to ensure an all-stakeholder focus, namely, (i) initiation and introduction of the development project, (ii) strategy and management information (iii) facilitation of consultation processes in the communities with subsequent inclusion of local and indigenous knowledge. The chapter indicates that the facilitation of the circular flow of information is a main responsibility of the information manager. Chapter six evaluates the contribution of the study and identifies new opportunities to further the objectives of this study. Copyright 2007, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bester, BC 2007, A proposed multi-disciplinary and integrated model for managing the flow of information in development projects in Africa, MIS dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04212008-082240 / > / Dissertation (MIS (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Information Science / unrestricted

This study on the relations between tourism policies and the tourism development conditions in the Eastern Cape of South Africa is a contribution to the on-going research projects on the transformation that has taken place in the post-1994 development process of South Africa. One theme associated with these studies relates to the important roles that have been played by public bodies in influencing the nature of the transformation in the development of South Africa. The study is based on the expectation that the current policies can open up more investments and other opportunities in the tourism sector to the benefit of the provincial economy. To find out the concrete nature of the changes associated with the current tourism development policies, data collection was organized from six groups of stakeholders in the tourism sector of the 39 local municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province. The use of factor analysis led to the identification of five hierarchies or clusters indicating the levels of inequalities in the tourism development of the province. To obtain an understanding of the processes behind the observed inequalities, the stakeholders were given the opportunity to disclose their concrete activities as they related to the policies. The findings indicate that generally, much has changed since 1994, as a result of the levelling of the playing field in the tourism sector for both the producers and consumers in the industry. It is recommended, however, that measured in terms of the maximum benefits that could be derived from the provincial tourism sector, the government officials associated with the tourism sector in particular need to provide more effective leadership in the implementation of the current tourism development policies. The thrust of the study is that the tourism policies in the Eastern vii Cape can only generate the maximum positive benefits if, inter alia, all the stakeholders in the tourism industry are empowered to produce at their maximum. / Geography / (D. Litt et Phil. (Geography))

This study on the relations between tourism policies and the tourism development conditions in the Eastern Cape of South Africa is a contribution to the on-going research projects on the transformation that has taken place in the post-1994 development process of South Africa. One theme associated with these studies relates to the important roles that have been played by public bodies in influencing the nature of the transformation in the development of South Africa. The study is based on the expectation that the current policies can open up more investments and other opportunities in the tourism sector to the benefit of the provincial economy. To find out the concrete nature of the changes associated with the current tourism development policies, data collection was organized from six groups of stakeholders in the tourism sector of the 39 local municipalities of the Eastern Cape Province. The use of factor analysis led to the identification of five hierarchies or clusters indicating the levels of inequalities in the tourism development of the province. To obtain an understanding of the processes behind the observed inequalities, the stakeholders were given the opportunity to disclose their concrete activities as they related to the policies. The findings indicate that generally, much has changed since 1994, as a result of the levelling of the playing field in the tourism sector for both the producers and consumers in the industry. It is recommended, however, that measured in terms of the maximum benefits that could be derived from the provincial tourism sector, the government officials associated with the tourism sector in particular need to provide more effective leadership in the implementation of the current tourism development policies. The thrust of the study is that the tourism policies in the Eastern vii Cape can only generate the maximum positive benefits if, inter alia, all the stakeholders in the tourism industry are empowered to produce at their maximum. / Geography / (D. Litt et Phil. (Geography))

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-30T17:59:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) patricio_magalhaes_nascimento.pdf: 1477398 bytes, checksum: d72e5d3fd21b134cce0d58bfde8b3ea6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-02-03T11:42:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) patricio_magalhaes_nascimento.pdf: 1477398 bytes, checksum: d72e5d3fd21b134cce0d58bfde8b3ea6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-03T11:42:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) patricio_magalhaes_nascimento.pdf: 1477398 bytes, checksum: d72e5d3fd21b134cce0d58bfde8b3ea6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Este relat?rio pretende analisar os impactos das pol?ticas p?blicas educacionais sobre o desenvolvimento profissional do T?cnico-Administrativo em Educa??o (TAE), no Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais (IFMG) campus S?o Jo?o Evangelista, entre 2008 e 2016. Com este intuito revela a trajet?ria hist?rica da Rede Federal de Educa??o Profissional, de seu surgimento ? cria??o dos Institutos Federais, evidenciando a forma??o do IFMG e a estrutura organizacional do campus S?o Jo?o Evangelista. Caracteriza a carreira do TAE a partir do estabelecimento do Plano de Carreira dos Cargos T?cnico-Administrativos em Educa??o (PCCTAE) e determina o significado de desenvolvimento profissional a ser adotado. Em seguida, estabelece rela??es entre Estado, Governo e Pol?ticas P?blicas, realizando uma breve contextualiza??o a respeito das conflitantes teorias do surgimento do Estado, das teorias das Formas de Governo e das influ?ncias intr?nsecas na formula??o, implementa??o e avalia??o das pol?ticas p?blicas e das pol?ticas p?blicas educacionais nos governos do per?odo em estudo (Lula e Dilma) e imediatamente anterior (FHC). Por fim, analisa as principais pol?ticas p?blicas educacionais voltadas para o desenvolvimento profissional do TAE, discutindo seus impactos em forma de a??es e o perfil de capacita??o e qualifica??o deste servidor p?blico na Institui??o pesquisada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, que adota a an?lise de conte?do conforme Bardin (1997) e utiliza os procedimentos das pesquisas bibliogr?fica e documental. Como resultado da investiga??o encontrou-se um cen?rio de poucas a??es de desenvolvimento profissional. Entre 2008 e 2012 foram poucas e isoladas a??es de apoio financeiro a eventos, cursos de curta dura??o e custeio de educa??o formal, sem a presen?a de instrumento normatizador. Entre 2012 e 2016 as a??es se alicer?aram em editais para apoio financeiro ? gradua??o e p?s-gradua??o, acrescidas de apoio financeiro a a??es individuais. A partir de 2016 se iniciou a constru??o de um Plano Anual de Capacita??o como mecanismo de gest?o, de forma a oferecer planejamento, organiza??o e manuten??o de um processo cont?nuo de desenvolvimento profissional do TAE. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / This report intends to analyze the impact of educational public policies on the professional development of the Administrative Technician in Education (TAE), in the Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais (IFMG) campus S?o Jo?o Evangelista between 2008 and 2016. With this This project reveals the historical trajectory of the Federal Network of Vocational Education, from its emergence to the creation of the Federal Institutes, evidencing the formation of the IFMG and the organizational structure of the campus S?o Jo?o Evangelista. It characterizes the career of the TAE from the establishment of the career plan of the Technical Administrative Positions in Education (PCCTAE) and determines the meaning of professional development to be adopted. Then, it establishes relations between State, Government and Public Policies, making a brief contextualization about the conflicting theories of the emergence of the State, theories of the Forms of Government and the intrinsic influences in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of public policies and public policies in the governments of the period under study (Lula and Dilma) and immediately prior (FHC). Finally, it analyzes the main educational public policies aimed at the professional development of the TAE, discussing its impacts in the form of actions and the profile of qualification and qualification of this public servant in the Institution researched. It is a qualitative research that adopts the content analysis according to Bardin (1997) and uses the procedures of bibliographical and documentary research. As a result of the research we found a scenario of few professional development actions. Between 2008 and 2012, there were few and isolated actions of financial support for events, short courses and cost of formal education, without the presence of a standardization instrument. Between 2012 and 2016 the actions were based on calls for financial support to undergraduate and graduate students, plus financial support for individual actions. Beginning in 2016, the construction of an Annual Training Plan was started as a management mechanism in order to offer planning, organization and maintenance of a continuous process of professional development of the TAE.

<p>Theoretically, the role of higher education in national development has become clearer than before, while empirically the evidence is overwhelming. Elsewhere in the world, countries that have made tremendous strides in both social and economic development invested heavily and strategically in higher education. In Malawi, the role of higher education in national development has always been recognised by development policies since independence in 1964 <span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic">However, with the exception of the first 15 years of independence, Malawi&rsquo / s development path has registered abysmal results both on the social and the economic fronts despite undergoing significant socio-economic and political reforms. Malawi remains one of the most underdeveloped countries whether judged by Gross National Product (GNP) per capita, the UNDP&rsquo / s Human Development Index (HDI) or the Human Poverty Index (HPI). One of the factors that is considered as having contributed to low levels of development is the performance of education systems (primary, secondary and higher education) (World Bank, 2009).</span>It is against this background that this study sought to examine how Malawi&rsquo / s higher education institutions (HEIs) have responded to their roles as prescribed by the national development policies with a focus on the period between 2000 and 2010. Four questions guided the study: i) what specific roles do national development policies define for HEIs to ensure that higher education contributes to national development? ii) To what extent are these roles performed by HEIs in Malawi? iii) What factors determine the performance of HEIs in their expected roles? iv) What pattern of response to their (HEIs&rsquo / ) expected roles can be identified? Theoretically and analytically, the study was informed by the two perspectives of the open systems theory, namely the resource-dependency approach and neo-institutional approach. These two approaches contend that actions by organisations are limited and influenced by various pressures and demands emanating from their internal and external environments and that organisations often respond accordingly in order to survive. Methodologically, the study employed a mixed-method design (of qualitative and quantitative) with a dominant usage of qualitative methods. A multiple case study approach was used in which data were collected through unstructured interviews, semi-structured interviews and documentary review. For qualitative data, the analysis was done using a text method while quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel to provide simple descriptive analysis through charts, tables and graphs.<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:TimesNewRoman"> Overall, the study found that Malawi development policies expect HEIs to enhance access, equity, relevance, efficiency and quality of higher education as a way of ensuring that higher education contributes to the national development project. However, the study identified several patterns of response by HEIs (towards these expected roles) that tentatively explain the sub-optimal contribution of higher education in national development. These patterns of response include: inclination towards responding to the politically sensitive crises in the higher education system (for public HEIs) and profit-compatible roles (for private HEI) / use of sub-standard resources and methods antithetical to genuine teaching and learning / duplication by private HEIs of the &ldquo / soft&rdquo / roles being undertaken by public HEI / the abandonment of some of the HEIs&rsquo / original ideals and founding pledges, which are compatible with national development roles / and substitution of long-term coherent academic planning by short-term survival strategies. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt / mso-fareast-font-family:TimesNewRoman / mso-bidi-font-family:Arial / color:black / mso-fareast-language:EN-US / mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">The study presents a number of implications, lessons and recommendations in the area of higher education and development. These include: the need for the government to recognise the importance and impact of intra-sectoral linkages in the entire education system on the performance of HEIs / the need to enforce the effective participation of private and public HEIs in national developmental project by establishing a proper regulatory framework / the need to enhance regional and internal collaboration among universities if they are to effectively respond to national roles / the need to reduce marginalisation of HEIs by maximising efforts that create linkages with the productive sector / the need to devise a robust public financing mechanism that broadly deals with issues of equity, relevance, quality and access of higher education / and the need to match education investment priorities and sequencing with development policies</span></p> <p>&nbsp / </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">&nbsp / </p> <p>&nbsp / </p>

Le sujet de l'eau et du territoire en Israël, est au coeur de la problématique actuelle de ce pays. Comment l'eau a-t-elle façonné les politiques d'aménagement du territoire en Israël ? Comment est-elle devenue un facteur décisif de développement et de paix régionale ? Sujet essentiel de la formation et de l'aménagement du territoire de ce pays, c'est l'eau qui sera le facteur de paix déterminant de toute la région. II m'a semblé intéressant de travailler cette question car elle rend compte de la situation actuelle de la ressource, c'est-à-dire d'une gestion de plus en plus intégrée et durable des eaux du Jourdain, avec ses implications multiples pour Israël et ses voisins. De plus, une analyse diachronique de la gestion de la ressource est en mesure de retracer l'évolution des politiques d'aménagement du territoire israélien A ce titre, l'étude de la vallée de Beth Shean et du cours du Harod, affluent de rive droite du Jourdain, offre un exemple de l'évolution de l'aménagement du territoire et de la maîtrise de l'eau. Il conviendra de s'interroger sur la validité" de cet exemple de gestion de la ressource et de se demander s'il a permis un développement harmonieux et durable de la région. Cet exemple a été très proche du modèle d'aménagement du territoire en Israël, et il a répondu à l'objectif de construction d'un Etat neuf et à une gestion intégrale de la ressource. Qu'advient-il de ce mode de gestion aujourd'hui ? Peut-il répondre aux besoins d'une population toujours plus nombreuse ? Ne faut-il pas envisager une gestion durable de la ressource afin de satisfaire les besoins de tous et de générer la paix et la liberté pour les peuples de la région ? / The issue about water and territory is the heart of the present problem in this country. How has water shaped the development policies in Israël? How has it become a decisive factor of regional development and peace? As the essential cause of territory and regional development in this country, water will be a determining peace factor in all the area. It seemed to me interesting to analyze this question as it explains the present resources situation, which means a more and more integrated and sustainable management of the Jordan water, with its numerous implications both for Israël and for its neighbors. Moreover, a diachronic analysis of the resource management is liable to relate the israelian territory political development evolution. On this account, the analysis of Beth Shean valley and of the Harod stream, an affluent of Jordan River right bank, gives an example of the territory development evolution and of water control. We should point out the question about the validity of the management of resource in this example and wonder whether it has allowed a harmonious and lasting development of the area. This example was very close to the model of national territory development in Israël and it corresponded fits the aim for the building of a new state and total resource management. What happens to this type of management today? Can it cope with the needs of an ever-growing population? Isn't necessary to envisage a sustainable management of the resources to meet with the needs of all and generate peace and freedom for the people in this area?

This thesis makes a comparative study of local government autonomy in Britain and Sweden within the local economic development policy area. It argues for local government autonomy to be viewed in terms of both a vertical dimension concerning local government's autonomy vis-à-vis national government (national context) and a horizontal dimension relating to its autonomy vis-à-vis local social and economic forces (local context). A policy area approach is advocated as the strength of, and the balance between, factors influencing local government autonomy, both vertically and horizontally, may be modified by the particular characteristics of the policy area. For example, the local economic development policy area is characterized as a grey zone respecting the intergovernmental relationship and a "mixed-economy" concerning the public-private sector relationship. The concept of autonomy is distinguished into policy-making independence (measured as local authority cooperation with other actors in economic development policies) and capacity for action (measured in terms of four local authority roles in the local economy). These are tested empirically regarding the influence of the local context and the relationship between them examined. The dominant trend in both countries is that the more local authorities intervene in the local economy (extend their capacity for action), the greater their cooperation with other actors (the more restricted their policy-making independence). / digitalisering@umu

<p>Theoretically, the role of higher education in national development has become clearer than before, while empirically the evidence is overwhelming. Elsewhere in the world, countries that have made tremendous strides in both social and economic development invested heavily and strategically in higher education. In Malawi, the role of higher education in national development has always been recognised by development policies since independence in 1964 <span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic">However, with the exception of the first 15 years of independence, Malawi&rsquo / s development path has registered abysmal results both on the social and the economic fronts despite undergoing significant socio-economic and political reforms. Malawi remains one of the most underdeveloped countries whether judged by Gross National Product (GNP) per capita, the UNDP&rsquo / s Human Development Index (HDI) or the Human Poverty Index (HPI). One of the factors that is considered as having contributed to low levels of development is the performance of education systems (primary, secondary and higher education) (World Bank, 2009).</span>It is against this background that this study sought to examine how Malawi&rsquo / s higher education institutions (HEIs) have responded to their roles as prescribed by the national development policies with a focus on the period between 2000 and 2010. Four questions guided the study: i) what specific roles do national development policies define for HEIs to ensure that higher education contributes to national development? ii) To what extent are these roles performed by HEIs in Malawi? iii) What factors determine the performance of HEIs in their expected roles? iv) What pattern of response to their (HEIs&rsquo / ) expected roles can be identified? Theoretically and analytically, the study was informed by the two perspectives of the open systems theory, namely the resource-dependency approach and neo-institutional approach. These two approaches contend that actions by organisations are limited and influenced by various pressures and demands emanating from their internal and external environments and that organisations often respond accordingly in order to survive. Methodologically, the study employed a mixed-method design (of qualitative and quantitative) with a dominant usage of qualitative methods. A multiple case study approach was used in which data were collected through unstructured interviews, semi-structured interviews and documentary review. For qualitative data, the analysis was done using a text method while quantitative data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel to provide simple descriptive analysis through charts, tables and graphs.<span style="mso-fareast-font-family:TimesNewRoman"> Overall, the study found that Malawi development policies expect HEIs to enhance access, equity, relevance, efficiency and quality of higher education as a way of ensuring that higher education contributes to the national development project. However, the study identified several patterns of response by HEIs (towards these expected roles) that tentatively explain the sub-optimal contribution of higher education in national development. These patterns of response include: inclination towards responding to the politically sensitive crises in the higher education system (for public HEIs) and profit-compatible roles (for private HEI) / use of sub-standard resources and methods antithetical to genuine teaching and learning / duplication by private HEIs of the &ldquo / soft&rdquo / roles being undertaken by public HEI / the abandonment of some of the HEIs&rsquo / original ideals and founding pledges, which are compatible with national development roles / and substitution of long-term coherent academic planning by short-term survival strategies. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt / mso-fareast-font-family:TimesNewRoman / mso-bidi-font-family:Arial / color:black / mso-fareast-language:EN-US / mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">The study presents a number of implications, lessons and recommendations in the area of higher education and development. These include: the need for the government to recognise the importance and impact of intra-sectoral linkages in the entire education system on the performance of HEIs / the need to enforce the effective participation of private and public HEIs in national developmental project by establishing a proper regulatory framework / the need to enhance regional and internal collaboration among universities if they are to effectively respond to national roles / the need to reduce marginalisation of HEIs by maximising efforts that create linkages with the productive sector / the need to devise a robust public financing mechanism that broadly deals with issues of equity, relevance, quality and access of higher education / and the need to match education investment priorities and sequencing with development policies</span></p> <p>&nbsp / </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">&nbsp / </p> <p>&nbsp / </p>

Arterial routes are key structuring components of the urban structure. These routes perform vital functions, including the connectivity of nodes or nodal areas, providing access to urban opportunities, linking metropolitan / municipal areas and providing access to the public transportation system. In order to protect the functionality of these routes, which primarily relates to a mobility function, development along these routes should be controlled. The formulation of policies for development along arterial routes is vital to ensure sustainable, integrated development along these routes without negatively impacting on the urban structure as a whole. A number of challenges are experienced during the formulation–process of these policies, especially since development along these routes is multi–faceted in nature. A case study of Ontdekkers Road, which is a major arterial route located within the City of Johannesburg, is used as the main point of departure. A comparison of the three sections of the route extending from Krugersdorp to Johannesburg (i.e. Voortrekker, Ontdekkers and Main Road) and the applicable development policies provides insight into the key challenges experienced during the policy–formulation process and the implementation of these policies. The study provides key recommendations in response to the challenges experienced along major arterial routes. The recommendations predominantly relate to the multi–faceted nature of development along these routes; the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to policy–formulation; the importance of comprehensive public participation that involves the relevant stakeholders, professionals and authorities; and the continuous interaction between neighbouring municipalities to identify cross–border issues and co–ordinate planning initiatives. The dynamic nature of development along arterial routes necessitates dynamic policies that consider changing social, economic and physical conditions. To this end, the study recommends the review of development policies on an annual basis and the implementation of contingency–based planning. / Thesis (M.Art. et Scien. (Town and Regional Planning))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.