Main goal of this thesis is to analyze human development index for European countries and provide cluster analysis not only of human development index but even of another quality of life variables and to find similarities between particular countries by using hierarchical methods. The first part focuses on quality of life and definition of human development index. Human development index is one possibility how to measure quality of life, there are mentioned another possibilities, though how to analyze it. The second part of the thesis focuses on cluster analysis definition, which is used for searching for similarities between particular countries. Five hierarchical cluster methods is used for classify countries into clusters. Euclidean metric is used for express the distance between countries. Similar variables between countries is judged according to sorting into clusters by hierarchical methods. Diploma thesis enlightens similarity between European countries from quality of life overview and provides statistical evidence about this topic. Results of the thesis confirms similarities between geographical close states.

The Diploma thesis deals with the topic of measuring the standard of living and quality of life in selected countries in Europe and further highlights the differences in the Visegrad countries. The aim of the work is to describe components of comprehensive concept of quality of life based on studies of specified literature. Moreover it describes the most frequently used methods for measuring quality of life. The methodological part describes the used methods. Secondary analysis and a design of own methodology to compare the standard of living is the object of practical part of Diploma thesis.

Mozambique is a least developed country (LDC), and is among the five lowest on the Human Development Index and is known to have no specific protection of people with disabilities (PWDs) with as up to specific legislation has been adopted but g but general laws on social welfare. Although the 2004 Constitution has a generic protection norm nothing much can be found in the whole system. Unfortunately, the 1990 Constitution was more protective and more specifics; the former roughly reduced the extent of protection that existed before. It can be said that Mozambique does not have any protection of PWDs at all. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / nf2012 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Orientador: Leandro Gobbo Braz / Resumo: Braghiroli KS. Mortalidade perioperatória e por fator anestésico em pacientes geriátricos: revisão sistemática com metanálise e análise de metarregressão [tese]. Botucatu. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Estadual Paulista; 2020. Introdução: o número de procedimentos anestésico-cirúrgicos está aumentando nos pacientes geriátricos, pois este grupo etário está em aumento progressivo dentro da população mundial. A presente revisão comparou as incidências de mortalidade perioperatória e mortalidade por fator anestésico em pacientes geriátricos de acordo com o IDH (Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano) dos países e com o tempo. Métodos: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais da literatura mundial sobre as incidências de mortalidade perioperatória e mortalidade por fator anestésico em pacientes geriátricos. Para a estratégia de busca, foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados até 30 de setembro de 2019: Medline, Embase, LILACS e SciELO. Foi utilizado o teste estatístico de Freeman-Turkey e um modelo de efeito randômico para comparar com a metanálise proporcional a incidência de mortalidade perioperatória e mortalidade por fator anestésico, de acordo com o IDH dos países (alto e baixo-IDH) e o período de tempo (pré-1990 e versus 1990-2019). Utilizou-se um modelo de efeito fixo para a análise de metarregressão, analisando-se a incidência de mortalidade perioperatória e mortalidade por fator anestésico ao longo do tempo e do IDH dos países. Resultados: foram i... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Braghiroli KS. Anesthesia-related and perioperative mortality in geriatric patients according country Human Development Index status: a systematic review with meta-regression and meta-analysis [Ph.D. thesis]. Botucatu: Medical School, São Paulo State University; 2020. Background: There is an increase in anesthetic procedures performed in geriatric patients, since the worldwide population is ageing. This is the first review of the literature related to global perioperative and anesthesia-related mortality rates in older patients according to country Human Developed Index (HDI) status and time. Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify worldwide observational studies in which older patients were submitted to anesthesia with perioperative and/or anesthesia-related mortality rates. Databases searches of Medline, Embase, LILACS and SciELO from inception to September 30th, 2019. We applied Freeman-Turkey transformation and a random-effects model to perform proportion meta-analysis to compare perioperative and anesthesia-related mortality in low- and high-HDI and in two time periods (pre-1990 versus 1990-2019). Perioperative and anesthesia-related mortality rates were analyzed by time and country HDI status using a fixed-effects model to perform meta-regression. Results: Twenty-five studies from 12 countries fulfilled the inclusion criteria with more than 4 million anesthetic procedures administered to older patients undergoing anesthesia. In high-HDI countries, the rat... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Analysis of the Commitment to Development Index Miroslav Syrovátka ABSTRACT The Commitment to Development Index aims to measure the effects of wide range of rich countries' policies that support or limit development prospects of poor countries. These policies are grouped into seven components of the index. The thesis analyzes and assesses the methodology of the index construction with the main focus on its environmental component. It is argued that although the environmental component is a legitimate part of the concept behind the index, the difficulties of its implementation limit its information value. This is due to the specific shortcomings of component indicators and the necessity to combine environmental policy indicators with indicators of exploitation of global environmental resources. The scores of Visegrad countries and correlation analysis show the specificity of the environmental component within the whole index and indirectly support the conclusions about its reduced information value. The thesis discusses the options for modification, both at the level of composite index construction and presentation, and at the level of individual indicators of the environmental component.

Analysis of the Commitment to Development Index Miroslav Syrovátka ABSTRACT The Commitment to Development Index aims to measure the effects of wide range of rich countries' policies that support or limit development prospects of poor countries. These policies are grouped into seven components of the index. The thesis analyzes and assesses the methodology of the index construction with the main focus on its environmental component. It is argued that although the environmental component is a legitimate part of the concept behind the index, the difficulties of its implementation limit its information value. This is due to the specific shortcomings of component indicators and the necessity to combine environmental policy indicators with indicators of exploitation of global environmental resources. The scores of Visegrad countries and correlation analysis show the specificity of the environmental component within the whole index and indirectly support the conclusions about its reduced information value. The thesis discusses the options for modification, both at the level of composite index construction and presentation, and at the level of individual indicators of the environmental component.

[pt] O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) foi criado pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) em 1975, sendo um índice composto que mede a obtenção da média do país em três aspectos básicos que são a expectativa de vida, a educação e a renda familiar. O IDH é um indicador alternativo ao Produto Nacional Bruto (PNB), que mede a riqueza de uma nação, acrescentando a este dois indicadores sociais abrangentes, a saber: a educação e a saúde. O IDH torna-se útil na medida em que chama a atenção das pessoas responsáveis politicamente pelo país, no sentido de se aterem mais à área social, ou seja, de verificarem como está o desenvolvimento integral do país permitindo inclusive a comparação com outros. Além do IDH, o estudo descreve índices que medem a condição humana, HPI-1 e HPI- 2, para medirem índices de pobreza em países em desenvolvimento e em países selecionados, o GDI e GEM, que são índices relacionados ao sexo, tanto para desenvolvimento como participação e o IDH-M que é um índice apropriado para municípios. O estudo faz também um diagnóstico da situação do Brasil e de sua evolução, desde a criação do índice. Serão propostos modelos em pesquisa operacional para otimização do IDH, o que facilitará e agilizará a tomada de decisões por parte dos governantes, que poderão tomar suas decisões baseadas agora num modelo matemático que certamente trará mais retornos de investimento sobre o capital empregado. As variáveis principais do problema serão a saúde, educação e a renda da população. As soluções e sugestões a serem apresentadas terão como meta básica o menor custo e de mais rápida implementação. / [en] The Human Development Index (HDI) is a compound index that measures the levels of a country in three basic aspects: life expectancy, education level and the family income. The HDI indicates an alternative to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which measures the overall wealth of a country, adding two social indexes: the education pattern and the health level. The HDI is a useful index because it shows the social area to people who have political responsabilities in a country, suggesting them the evaluation of the country development including social aspects, and permitting the comparison with the other countries. Besides the HDI, the study describes indexes which measure the human condition, HPI-1 and HPI-2, of poverty in development and in selected countries, the GDI and GEM, which are gender related indexes to check development and participation, and the HDI-M which is an appropriate index to measure the human condition in an urban environment. The study makes a diagnosys of the Brazilian situation and evolution, since the creation of these indexes. The dissertation proposes HDI optimization models. Such proposal might simplify and improve the efficiency of the decision making process. In this way, public officials may take their decisions based on a mathematical model which will increase the ratio benefits and investment costs.

Цель работы состоит в развитии методических основ оценки показателей человеческого развития для регионов, в которых присутствуют нефтегазовые компании. Предложен методический подход к оценке индекса человеческого развития, особенностью которого является использование показателя валовых национальных или региональных доходов, которые очищены от влияния ресурсной ренты, а также применение альтернативных показателей образовательного потенциала (количество выпускников общего и профессионального образования) и капитала здоровья (объем инвестиций в здравоохранение и доступ населения в медицинские учреждения). Предложенный подход позволит снизить искажения в определении уровня человеческого развития без эффектов ресурсной ренты и создать платформу для поиска альтернативных индикаторов, определяющих усилия различных сторон по формированию человеческого потенциала. / The purpose of the work is to develop methodological foundations for assessing human development indicators for regions where oil and gas companies are present. A methodical approach to assessing the human development index is proposed, the peculiarity of which is the use of the indicator of gross national or regional incomes, which are cleared of the influence of resource rent, as well as the use of alternative indicators of educational potential (number of graduates of general and vocational education) and health capital (volume of investments in health care). and public access to health facilities). The proposed approach will reduce distortions in determining the level of human development without the effects of resource rent and create a platform for searching for alternative indicators that determine the efforts of various parties to build human potential.

Renewable energy use is a growing topic worldwide due to climate change mitigation. Countries worldwide are trying to increase renewable energy use because it has many benefits, such as decreased air pollution, improved health conditions, and improved Human Development Index. The objective of the study is to compare the country-specific trajectories of renewable energy as a percentage of total energy production and electricity production from renewable sources, evaluate the link between renewable energy use and outdoor air pollution worldwide, and also understand whether the use of renewable energy is linked to population health and the human development index. The data was collected from the University of Oxford’s Our World in Data. The source has global temporal data on the use of renewable energy, energy access, indoor and ambient pollution, human development index, and several health indicators. The study was done by statistical analysis. My trend analyses suggest that renewable energy production as the percentage of total energy production increased for most countries in Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Northern Europe, and North America (except for Mexico). The same scenario was also observed for the share of renewable energy for electricity production. Many countries in other regions of the world, including many low-income countries, didn’t have the same trend. For many counties and regions globally, renewable energy reduces PM2.5 concentrations in the ambient air. Also found in many countries, renewable energy use is associated with increased life expectancy, decreased cancer deaths, reduced deaths due to ambient PM2.5 concentration, and a high human development index.

A partir da análise dos dados sobre a prática do ato infracional na cidade de Jundiaí, entre os períodos de 2000 e 2005, esta pesquisa compara esta política setorial com os índices que mensuram o nível de desenvolvimento e a qualidade de vida da população do município, desenvolvendo uma ampla reflexão acerca do problema, que é apenas parte de um problema maior que caracteriza uma nova forma de criminalidade, evidenciando crise e ruptura do sistema social liberal democrático e que se manifesta pelo confronto às instituições públicas estatais ou pela apatia em relação à participação político-democrática. A ausência e omissão do Estado em promover políticas públicas capazes de favorecer o desenvolvimento de todos pela expansão das liberdades individuais, expõe parcelas significativas da população brasileira a situações de vulnerabilidade, potencializa o problema e impõe neste momento histórico a necessidade de repactuação de um novo contrato social e da modificação das regras do jogo democrático com vistas à paz social. Neste escopo, a gestão pública do ato infracional requer que se reflita apropriadamente acerca dos vazios legais, das práticas políticas não democráticas e dos padrões culturais que subsistem historicamente na implementação dos direitos infanto-juvenis, em sua interface com os princípios e diretrizes do direito da criança e do adolescente. A descentralização político-administrativa e a municipalização do atendimento, bem como o caráter deliberativo das ações em todos os níveis pelos conselhos de direitos da criança e do adolescente, são discussões essenciais que se travam no bojo de uma discussão maior pela qual o que almeja é que o sistema econômico e o sistema político priorizem em suas pautas e ações, de modo efetivo e absoluto, a criança e o adolescente. / From the analysis of the data from practice of infrational act in city of Jundiaí, between the periods of 2000 and 2005 this resource compares this sectorial policy with the index that measure the level of development and life quality of the population of the town, developing a wide reflex regarding the problem that is only a part of a bigger problem that characterizes a new form of criminality showing crisis and rupture of the social liberal democratic system that is shown by the confronting to the state public institutions or by the apathy regarding the political democratic participation. The absences and the omission of the state in promoting public polices to favour the development of all by growth of individual liberties, exposes significant parts of the Brazilian population to vulnerable situations, potentializes the problem and inputs in this historical moment the necessity recontractuation of a new social contract and the modification of the rules of the democratic game with views to social peace. In this purpose, the public gestor of the infrational act demands that there is an appropriate review regarding legal emptiness, of the non democratic political practice and of the cultural patterns that survive historically in the criation of the infantile-juvenile rights in its relationship with the principals and purposes of the teenager\'s and child\'s rights. The political administrative decentralization and municipalization of the attending, as the deliberate character of the actions in all levels by the children?s /teenager\'s rights councils boards, are essential discussions that lock in the aim of the bigger discussion that seeks the priorization of the economical and political systems in their principals and actions in an absolute and effective way, for children and teenager\'s.