The Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development is expected to result in the launching of a process to devise a set of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2015. Whilst indicators are perceived to be a good vehicle of monitoring progress, currently there is no universally agreed method of measuring sustainable development. This thesis addresses this issue through assessing whether the capabilities approach can be adopted for a global framework in measuring sustainable development. In order to determine this, both theoretical and practical implications will have to be understood. The former is addressed through reviewing the compatibility between the key concepts of sustainable development and the capabilities approach. The latter is addressed through obtaining empirical evidence on the key drivers in selecting indicators via focus group discussions and a quantitative survey with key individuals involved in the Sustainable Development Indicators (SDIs) project in Malaysia. It was found that a weak conceptual basis can be attributed as the major challenge for establishing global sustainable development indicators. Whilst recognising that a range of mechanisms are required for operationalization, it was concluded that the capabilities approach provides a sound conceptual basis, framed on the basis of justice and equity in expanding and sustaining the capabilities of current and future generations to pursue their needs.

Lietuva, pastaraisiais metais pasižymėjo aukštu ekonominio augimo lygiu bei atskirų sričių vystymųsi. Augant ekonomikai didėja visuomeniniai poreikiai, gamybos apimtys, auga vartojimas. Natūralu, kad tokiomis sąlygomis iškyla grėsmė aplinkai, t.y. kad spartus ekonominis vystymasis bus pasiektas aplinkos sąskaita. Pagrindinis šio darbo tikslas – remiantis teoriniais ekonominio augimo bei darnaus vystymosi pagrindais, išanalizuoti ir įvertinti pastarųjų metų Lietuvos ekonominį augimą darnaus vystymosi kontekste. / Lithuania, as well as other two Baltic states, could be characterized by a high level of economic growth and development in various fields in previous years. Naturally, threats to environment emerge under such conditions, i. e. the intense economic development is pursued at the expense of the environment. The main goal of the paper is analyse and evaluate the tendencies and perspectives on economic growth in Lithuania of the recent years, based on the theoretical principles of economic growth and sustainable development.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bellentani_nf_me_prud.pdf: 7695238 bytes, checksum: 43bf33754dcefc7131410045bf98725c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O trabalho apresenta uma análise qualitativa do Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) em áreas de reforma agrária e periferia urbana de Ribeirão Preto - SP. A discussão está pautada a partir dos indicadores educação, saúde e renda. Destaca-se algumas limitações do IDH – por exemplo, a “reificação” da medida em detrimento do conceito – com vistas à superação do aspecto reducionista e fragmentado do conceito de desenvolvimento adotado para o cálculo do índice. As contradições e movimentos das espacialidades pesquisadas estão descritas e revelam a dialética relação entre o par campo-cidade. Os resultados apontam novas perspectivas para a melhoria das condições de vida dos sujeitos do campo e da cidade, destacando a autonomia e alteridade como elementos fundamentais para a possibilidade da transformação social, do mesmo modo se reafirma a questão do trabalho como categoria central para o desenvolvimento humano. / This paper presents a qualitative analysis of the Human Development Index (HDI) in areas of agrarian reform and urban periphery of Ribeirão Preto – SP. The discussion is guided from the indicators education, health and income. It is detached some limitations of the HDI - for example, the reification of the measure at the expense of the concept - with a view to overcoming the reductionist and fragmented aspect of the concept of development adopted for calculating the index. The contradictions and movements of spatialities surveyed are described and reveal the dialectic relationship between the pair city-field. The results suggest new prospects for improving the living conditions of those in rural and urban, emphasizing the autonomy and otherness as fundamental to the possibility of social transformation, just as it reaffirms the role of labor as a central criterion for human development.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:53:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emadina Soares.pdf: 751137 bytes, checksum: 886ccfba52ad365c98aac821abae47ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-04 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / primeiro aconteceu no período áureo da borracha e o segundo na implantação da Zona Franca de Manaus e do seu Polo Industrial. O crescimento acelerado exerce uma forte pressão na infra-estrutura existente da cidade, uma vez que a população necessita de mínimas condições para uma boa vivência urbana, bem como disponibilidade de serviços e equipamentos urbanos. O surgimento de assentamentos desordenados, sem o devido controle, ocasionou uma cidade com problemas, tais como: carência de infra-estrutura básica, água encanada, energia, esgoto, asfalto e serviços públicos essenciais. O Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD) é a entidade das Nações Unidas que tem a missão de promover mudança e conectar países à experiências, conhecimentos e recursos, apontando soluções que se consiga sociedades e Nações fraternas e socialmente justas. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) é uma ferramenta do PNUD que sintetiza o nível de sucesso atingido pela sociedade no atendimento a três necessidades básicas e universais do ser humano: acesso ao conhecimento (dimensão educação), direito a uma vida longa e saudável (dimensão longevidade) e direito a um padrão de vida digno (dimensão renda). A construção de indicadores socioeconômicos tem como principal finalidade permitir uma análise da dinâmica das coletividades em seus vários aspectos, proporcionando, dessa forma, subsídios para a avaliação e estabelecimento de objetivos e prioridades. Esta dissertação intitulada O que revelaram os Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano na Cidade de Manaus , está delimitada à Cidade de Manaus, no período 1991- 2000 e tem como objetivo geral investigar as características qualitativas e quantitativas dos Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), 1991-2000. Quanto aos os objetivos específicos, passa-se a enumerá-los: Verificar alguns dos melhores Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) do Brasil e no exterior; examinar os melhores e os piores Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH) entre os municípios do Estado do Amazonas; analisar as Unidades de Desenvolvimento Humano (UDHs) do município de Manaus, bem como os IDHMs desta capital. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura com finalidades descritivas, explicativas e analíticas

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Those working in Engineering for Global Development seek to improve the conditions in developing countries. A common metric for understanding the development state of a given country is the Human Development Index (HDI), which focuses on three dimensions: health, education, and income. An engineer’s expertise does not always align with any of those dimensions directly, while they still hope to perform impactful work for human development. To discover other areas of expertise that are highly associated with the HDI, correlations and variable selection were performed between all World Development Indicators and the HDI. The resultant associations are presented according to industry sector for a straightforward connection to engineering expertise. The associated areas of expertise can be used during opportunity development as surrogates for focusing on the HDI dimensions themselves. The data analysis shows that work related to "Trade, Transportation, and Utilities", such as electricity distribution, and exports or imports, "Natural Resources and Mining", such as energy resources, agriculture or access to clean water, and "Manufacturing", in general, are most commonly associated with improvements in the HDI in developing countries. Also, because the associations were discovered at country-level, they direct where geographically particular areas of expertise have been historically associated with improving HDI.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第20417号 / 農博第2202号 / 新制||農||1047(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H29||N5038(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻 / (主査)教授 田尾 龍太郎, 教授 土井 元章, 教授 北島 宣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Governments and leaders across the globe almost universally agree that human trafficking is a modern atrocity that has harshly negative effects for individuals, communities, entire states and the international community. Nevertheless, they are not in agreement on how best to investigate cases and provide aid to victims. Many states lack the resources to effectively create and implement policies. Governments must act to protect their citizens and people within their borders. Policies are necessary to correctly identify victims, investigate accusations, bring cases to trial and prevent vulnerable populations from becoming victimized through awareness. This thesis asserts that there is a link between the development level of a state and its ability to limit the grotesque crimes of trafficking that occur within its borders. Using the United Nation's annual report which details the development ranking of individual states, it is possible to comparatively analyze the ability of these states to comply with international standards established by the United States of America in the protection of victims of human trafficking. Special attention is paid to the challenges that societies face when there are drastic changes to states' economic activity or political stability and how these affect the frequency of trafficking occurrences and a government’s ability to respond.

Au cours de ces dernières décennies, le concept de la compétitivité s'est établi comme un mot-clé important dans la vie sociale, à l’échelle micro-économique et surtout macro-économique. Au regard d’une mondialisation grandissante et de l'expansion des marchés mondiaux, la compétitivité peut quelque fois se limiter à l’aspect purement économique et commercial. Alors que l’examen des différents défis économiques, sociaux et environnementaux qui préoccupent de nos jours l’humanité conduit à reconsidérer les modèles d’évaluation de la croissance économique adoptée, à reconnaitre leurs limites et à apporter un jugement critique sur l’évaluation de la compétitivité. Ce travail se propose donc d’explorer quelques possibilités de l’intégration contemporaine de principes « éthiques » dans le concept de la compétitivité macroéconomique. Prenant en compte la dynamique du concept de la compétitivité, la thèse analyse l’histoire et l’évolution de cette notion. L’analyse engage alors une approche théorique, ensuite une étude comparée des différents indices d’évaluation de la compétitivité. L’objectif est d’examiner comment des principes éthiques peuvent être intégrés pour la mesure et l’évaluation de la compétitivité des pays, c’est-à-dire comment elle pourrait être évaluée au-delà du PIB et des résultats commerciaux et comment elle rejoint également la préoccupation pour les inégalités, la pauvreté, le changement climatique dans des domaines aussi différents que la santé, l’éducation, l’eau et l’agriculture …Les objectifs de la Charia (Maqasid Charia) constituent une assise convenable pour construire un nouvel indice de compétitivité éthique, permettant ainsi la contribution de différents pays, même non musulmans, à chacun des objectifs de la Charia. / Throughout the past decades, competitiveness was established as an important concept in social life, at micro and especially macro levels. With globalization and the expansion of global markets, competitiveness can sometimes be limited to purely economic and commercial dimensions. While examining various current economic, social and environmental challenges that affect today’s economy and humanity, the thesis reconsiders the economic growth assessment models adopted, to recognize their limits and put forward critical judgment on the assessment of competitiveness. This study develops, therefore, an exploration of some possibilities of contemporary integration of "ethical" principles into the concept of macroeconomic competitiveness.Taking into account the dynamics of the concept of competitiveness, the thesis analyzes the history and evolution of this concept. The analysis puts forward a theoretical approach, followed by a comparative study of different indices for assessing competitiveness. The aim is to examine how ethical principles are integrated to measure countries' competitiveness. That is, how competitiveness could be evaluated beyond the GDP and trade outcomes and that it also incorporates the measures of inequality, poverty, climate change, health, education, water, agriculture etc. The objectives of Shariah (Maqasid al Shariah) present a suitable foundation to build a new ethical competitiveness index that measures countries’ contribution to the objectives of the Shariah.