Since, June of 1999 The Regulation of Bulk Transfer for Urban Planning has been carried out, which is tried implementing in Taipei & Taipei county until June of 2004. From July 1 of 2005, on all counties and cities implement it in an all-round way. So far, there are only two application cases in Kaohsiung city , since the examining principles have been announced. This research will probe into reference documents of TDR and all the situtations about bulk transfer in this country¡CThrough all these points of view the study aims at probing into the problems of implementing it in Kaohsiung city bulk transfer.The research approach adopts an exploratory case study, including calculating IRR with cases and interviewing real estate, officials and scholars. The goal is to get ¡§generalizing¡¨ , not ¡§ particularizing¡¨ analysis.The result of study is based on construct validity of thesis. It¡¦s analytic generalization not statistical generalization.From the sight of Kaohsiung¡¦s TOD policy we find :In policy direction, for core of the city (Cianjin, Sinsing, Lingya, Sanmin, Yencheng district), there are functions to match up the centeral government¡¦s six years plan for urban renewal.But urban renewal is the most difficult for real estate co. to invest and develop.Nowadays, outside the core of city and in the suburb, vacan lots are preferred to invest.Like this, the policy directions are not combined with the behavior of non-governmental investment.The bulk is needed in the core of city, but it is difficulty to processing. And in the second circle and suburb, there is no bulk transfer encouragement, which is not fit for the development policies.Under the circumstance against policy & both hurting public and private. It¡¦s difficult for the bulk transfer policy to make great achievements.From the reference documents and case data, we farther find that a bulk transfer case should catch with the development trend of the local real estate market in order to succeed.In interviewing , all the interviewees have the same point of view: In Taipei city and county, because of highly urban development, gathering population and high profit of real estate, the bulk transfer already extremely popular. Comparatively, in Kaohsiung city, because of industry depression, purchasing power drop, no population growth and real estate market is difficult to promote the bulk transfer policy. Because, whether the bulk receving lots can create the profit is the key point for bulk transfer to become popular.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 343-362)and indexes.

This thesis investigates the underestimated ownership constraints in built-up urban areas as the determining characteristic of the urban redevelopment process after the Marmara Earthquake. In the first part of the study, public provisions for permanent housing have been surveyed. It is observed that relocation of the survivors entitled to such housing sites considerably far away from existing urban areas has generated the need for many adjustments on the property patterns. Without any framework for the remaining ownership and development rights in those damaged urban areas, nearly 43 000 housing units have been developed mostly by the state in order to compensate for the lost properties of disaster survivors. On the other hand, municipalities could not commence any considerable redevelopment framework in damaged urban areas after the earthquake. They were restricted to revising their development plans with respect to new geological surveys and to redefining the ideal building regulations with low building heights. Adaptation of these renewed plans to existing conditions has necessitated an immense amount of property readjustments. However, this is nearly impossible with existing plan implementation instruments which are incapable of mandating the exchange mechanisms for the reduced development rights. Lack of three dimensional property adjustment and purchasing methods different from constructions option engendered the implementation problem of these development plans prepared after the earthquake. In this framework, a field survey has been carried out in the city of Adapazari and the post-earthquake urban redevelopment process is investigated. Transformation of the properties are plotted in &Ccedil / ark Street, where the required resharing of reduced development rights with respect to new development plan can be partially observed. Besides, the success of the forthcoming urban planning process in Turkey, which is composed of urban rehabilitation and risk mitigation works, again depends upon the capacity to realize ownership and development right transformation in urban environments. As a result, the Marmara Earthquake presents the necessary inputs and justification to restructure the property institution in urban planning.

The purpose of the essay is to critically discuss and analyse the right to development as an individual and a collective right, and or both at national as well as at the international level. The main objective being to ascertain whether there is .distinct dichotomy between the right to development as an individual and a collective right. Having critically analysed the right to development as an individual and a collective right or both, I attempted to critically discuss both the active and passive subjects of the right - so-called right-holders and duty-bearers respectively, at national as well as at international level. The juridical status of the right has been critically examined. It is clear that the right is legally binding on all states. The right is universally recognised as a human right enjoying international legal status. / Law / LL.M.

The purpose of the essay is to critically discuss and analyse the right to development as an individual and a collective right, and or both at national as well as at the international level. The main objective being to ascertain whether there is .distinct dichotomy between the right to development as an individual and a collective right. Having critically analysed the right to development as an individual and a collective right or both, I attempted to critically discuss both the active and passive subjects of the right - so-called right-holders and duty-bearers respectively, at national as well as at international level. The juridical status of the right has been critically examined. It is clear that the right is legally binding on all states. The right is universally recognised as a human right enjoying international legal status. / Law / LL.M.

Vid försäljning av kommunal mark som ska exploateras för bostadsbyggande brukar kommun och byggaktör flera år innan överlåtelsen fastställa ett pris. Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka hur priset justeras från överenskommelsens tidpunkt till överlåtelsen där priset justeras genom en så kallad indexeringsmodell. Bakgrunden till arbetet är att det bland kommun och byggaktörer funnits ett missnöje av modellerna, vilket för Stockholms stad lett till en översyn av dess modell. Tidigare studier har endast översiktligt berört ämnet och lyft det som ett förslag till framtida studier. En litteraturstudie med grund i värderingsteori har utförts för att undersöka hur en alternativ indexeringsmodell skulle kunna konstrueras. Vidare har en alternativ indexeringsmodell presenterats som tillsammans med de modeller som idag tillämpas i Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö stad ingått i en jämförande analys. Analysen har jämfört prisutvecklingen enligt respektive modell mot observerad prisutveckling för markanvisade byggrätter i Stockholms stad. Slutligen har en intervjustudie av fastighetsvärderare anställda på Stockholms stad genomförts i syfte att utreda vilka konsekvenser ett byte av indexeringsmodell kan innebära. Resultatet visar att en alternativ modell bör i kontrast till tillämpade modeller innefatta även byggkostnadsutvecklingen. För vissa faktorer, såsom vinstfaktor, saknas det tillförlitliga underliggande indexeringar, varför de exkluderats i den alternativa modell som föreslagits. Den jämförande analysen visar att prisutvecklingen enligt de snarlika modellerna tillämpade i Stockholm och Göteborgs stad har lägst procentuell avvikelse från den observerade prisutvecklingen följt av Malmö och den alternativa modellen. Intervjustudien visar att ett byte av indexeringsmodell kan ha konsekvenser för prissättning, värderingspraxis och bostadsförsörjning. Valet av indexeringsmodell visar sig ha en påverkan på optionsvärdet och således även prisutvecklingen. Detta förklarar varför Stockholmsmodellen också tycks förklara prisutvecklingen i Stockholm med minst avvikelse. För valet av indexeringsmodell bör kommuner ta ställning till vad som bedöms vara en lämplig riskfördelning, vilket banar väg för framtida studier att undersöka ämnet risker närmare. / When municipal land is sold for residential development, the municipality and the developer usually establish a price several years before the actual transaction. The purpose of this study was to examine how the price is adjusted from the time of agreement to the transaction, where the price is adjusted using a so called indexation model. The background of the thesis is that there have been a dissatisfaction among municipalities and developers with the current models, which has led to the City of Stockholm reviewing its model. Previous studies have only overviewed the topic and suggested it for future research. A literature study based on valuation theory has been conducted in order to examine how an alternative model could be constructed. Additionally, an alternative model have been suggested and has along with the models that are currently applied in the municipalities of Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö been included in a comparative analysis. The analysis have compared the price development according to each model against the observed price development for land allocated development rights in the City of Stockholm. Further, an interview study with real estate appraisers employed in the City of Stockholm was conducted to investigate what consequences a change of indexation model could mean. The results show that an alternative model, in contrast to the applied models, should also include the development of construction costs. For certain factors, such as the profit margin, there is lacking reliable underlying indexations, which is why they were excluded from the alternative model that is presented. The comparative analysis shows that the price development according to the similar models applied in Stockholm and Gothenburg has the lowest percentage deviation from the observed price development, followed by Malmö andthe alternative model. The interview study shows that a change of an indexation model could have implications for pricing, valuation practices and housing supply. The choice of indexation model appears to impact the option value and thus the price development. This explains why the Stockholm model also seems to explain the price development in Stockholm with the least deviation. For the selection of an indexation model, municipalities should conclude what is to be considered an appropriate level of risk, paving the way for future studies to examine the subject of risks more closely.

A necessidade de se estabelecer maiores garantias jurídicas na efetivação de uma busca de preservação do meio ambiente, tem nos levado a discutir suas diferentes abordagens pelas Ciências Jurídicas, uma vez que atuará o Poder Judiciário, como um mediador deste conflito. O direito a um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e sadio e o o desenvolvimento econômico cada vez mais se tornam pertinentes, ante a ausência de uma correta exploração dos recursos naturais. O sistema jurídico necessita possuir instrumentos jurídicos hábeis, como o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental e o Relatório de Impacto Ambiental, meios estes capazes a compatibilizar o desenvolvimento econômico e as atividades econômicas geradoras de riquezas, sob pena de uma perda da qualidade de vida existente no planeta. O sistema legal para a concessão do licenciamento ambiental na mineração assim, deverá atuar como um compatibilizador da permissão para a extração de minérios e a possibilidade de recuperação da área explorada, com o seu conseqüente plano de recuperação, que deverá avaliar a impactação necessária a sustentabilidade da atividade. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-14T16:06:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Lucia B Cardoso.pdf: 558454 bytes, checksum: 7cef7933a04888b09efa7ac911783230 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-14T16:06:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ana Lucia B Cardoso.pdf: 558454 bytes, checksum: 7cef7933a04888b09efa7ac911783230 (MD5) / The need of establishing wider legal guarantees in the interest of environment preservation has raised the discussion of its different approaches in Legal Sciences, since the Judiciary Power would act as the mediator of this conflict. The entitlement of an ecologically and healthy balanced environment and the entitlement of the economic development have become more relevant because of the absence of a correct natural resources exploration. The juridical system must have clever juridical methods capable of making the economic development compatible with the economic activities that generate wealth, in risk of, otherwise, harming the quality of life existent in the planet. The juridical system of the environment licensing in mining must therefore act as a conciliator in the mining extraction allowance and the possibility of recovery of the explored area, including its regeneration plan that should evaluate the necessary effort to make this activity sustainable.

A necessidade de se estabelecer maiores garantias jurídicas na efetivação de uma busca de preservação do meio ambiente, tem nos levado a discutir suas diferentes abordagens pelas Ciências Jurídicas, uma vez que atuará o Poder Judiciário, como um mediador deste conflito. O direito a um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado e sadio e o o desenvolvimento econômico cada vez mais se tornam pertinentes, ante a ausência de uma correta exploração dos recursos naturais. O sistema jurídico necessita possuir instrumentos jurídicos hábeis, como o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental e o Relatório de Impacto Ambiental, meios estes capazes a compatibilizar o desenvolvimento econômico e as atividades econômicas geradoras de riquezas, sob pena de uma perda da qualidade de vida existente no planeta. O sistema legal para a concessão do licenciamento ambiental na mineração assim, deverá atuar como um compatibilizador da permissão para a extração de minérios e a possibilidade de recuperação da área explorada, com o seu conseqüente plano de recuperação, que deverá avaliar a impactação necessária a sustentabilidade da atividade. / The need of establishing wider legal guarantees in the interest of environment preservation has raised the discussion of its different approaches in Legal Sciences, since the Judiciary Power would act as the mediator of this conflict. The entitlement of an ecologically and healthy balanced environment and the entitlement of the economic development have become more relevant because of the absence of a correct natural resources exploration. The juridical system must have clever juridical methods capable of making the economic development compatible with the economic activities that generate wealth, in risk of, otherwise, harming the quality of life existent in the planet. The juridical system of the environment licensing in mining must therefore act as a conciliator in the mining extraction allowance and the possibility of recovery of the explored area, including its regeneration plan that should evaluate the necessary effort to make this activity sustainable.