Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

This article examines the stability of symptoms, syndromes, and diagnoses of specific anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as diagnostic shifts from one syndrome to another over time. Using retrospective and longitudinal prospective data from the baseline and first follow-up investigation (19.7 months later) of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), we focus on establishing stability measures for early stages of mental disorders in a community sample of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years at baseline. The results are as follows: (1) Although only about 30% developed a full-blown DSM-IV disorder, psychopathological syndromes are widespread in adolescents: 15% of the population aged 14 to 17 at baseline were not affected by at least some clinically relevant symptoms of mental disorders either throughout their previous life or throughout the follow-up period. (2) The likelihood of staying free of symptoms and threshold disorders during follow-up was highest among subjects who were completely well at baseline. The probability of a positive outcome decreased as a function of severity of baseline diagnostic status. (3) There was a considerable degree of fluctuation not only in the diagnostic status and severity of specific disorders, but also in terms of complete remissions and shifts from one syndrome and disorder to another. (4) Anxiety disorders, overall, slightly differ with regard to the persistence and stability of the diagnostic status from depressive disorders. (5) However, there were remarkable differences between specific types of anxiety and depressive disorders. Consistent with other longitudinal epidemiological studies in the general population, this study finds that the syndromes and diagnoses of mental disorders have a strong tendency to wax and wane over time in this age group.

This article examines the stability of symptoms, syndromes, and diagnoses of specific anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as diagnostic shifts from one syndrome to another over time. Using retrospective and longitudinal prospective data from the baseline and first follow-up investigation (19.7 months later) of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), we focus on establishing stability measures for early stages of mental disorders in a community sample of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years at baseline. The results are as follows: (1) Although only about 30% developed a full-blown DSM-IV disorder, psychopathological syndromes are widespread in adolescents: 15% of the population aged 14 to 17 at baseline were not affected by at least some clinically relevant symptoms of mental disorders either throughout their previous life or throughout the follow-up period. (2) The likelihood of staying free of symptoms and threshold disorders during follow-up was highest among subjects who were completely well at baseline. The probability of a positive outcome decreased as a function of severity of baseline diagnostic status. (3) There was a considerable degree of fluctuation not only in the diagnostic status and severity of specific disorders, but also in terms of complete remissions and shifts from one syndrome and disorder to another. (4) Anxiety disorders, overall, slightly differ with regard to the persistence and stability of the diagnostic status from depressive disorders. (5) However, there were remarkable differences between specific types of anxiety and depressive disorders. Consistent with other longitudinal epidemiological studies in the general population, this study finds that the syndromes and diagnoses of mental disorders have a strong tendency to wax and wane over time in this age group.

The purpose of this study was to build upon recent research dealing with the ways children of primary school age operate when composing original music. Through examining the musical and structural content of the musical products, and linking these features to working procedures in the composition process, the aim was to explore the interaction between process and product, and to identify any effects attributable to gender, age, or computer use. Control of the circumstances in which the compositions were generated made possible the examination of the activity of the subjects during the working period, providing data which was linked to features of the compositional products for possible "cause and effect". Compositions were collected from 60 primary school children aged 7, 9 and 11 years. Half of the students in each age-group used the computer to help them work out their music. There was equal gender representation in each subgroup. The working session of ten minutes for each child was recorded, and later analysed, to discover the pattern of activities taking place during the composition process. A second procedure was then undertaken which involved analysis of the final versions of the compositions of each subject. The pieces were evaluated by a panel of six judges who identified levels of achievement on a range of musical and structural items. The process and product data were analysed to ascertain the influence of gender, age and computer use. Any significant interactions between process variables and product variables were also noted. The research design proved to be useful and functional in providing empirical data that allowed detailed statistical analysis. The major significant results related to the process were: 1. Age was a significant factor in subjects' use of the compositional activities (i.e. exploration, development and repetition [implying closure] of musical ideas). 2. Computer-users developed their musical ideas more quickly during the compositional process than non-computer users. 3. There were significant 2-way interactions between age and computer use. The judges' evaluations of the product generated data that supported previous research that found a developmental sequence of stages in musical composition. Age was shown to be a significant influence in all factors derived from the developmental model. The significant period was between seven and nine years in all cases. Although significant differences attributable to gender were not revealed overall, females were predominant in the high scoring groups on some product variables. The influence of the computer emerged most clearly in profiles of subjects who received high/low scores from all judges in each of the main product variables. In the high scoring groups, computer users outnumbered non-computer users in every case. Little is known of the effects of the use of the computer by young children for composition. Further research is indicated in order to understand the impact of the computer on the creative and cognitive processes in music. There is a need for greater understanding of its role in this area of music education.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

No description available.

Notre recherche s’inscrit à la fois dans le domaine des Recherches sur l’acquisition des langues et celui de la Didactique des langues étrangères, et poursuit un double objectif. D’abord, nous avons décrit les influences translinguistiques, issues de l’espagnol L1 comme de l’anglais L2, dans le processus d’acquisition de certaines structures liées au groupe verbal en français L3, à savoir la construction des verbes avec des compléments nominaux, la sélection des prépositions introduisant éventuellement ces compléments et l’acquisition des pronoms compléments. Pour cela, nous avons pris en compte les apports théoriques des recherches sur l’acquisition plurilingue mais également des études ayant dégagé des itinéraires de développement pour le français. Nous nous sommes basée sur des productions écrites réalisées par des étudiants, débutants en français, de première année de la filière de Traduction/Interprétation de la Universidad de Concepción au Chili.Le deuxième objectif de notre recherche correspond à une démarche de transposition didactique de résultats empiriques dans le but de mieux accompagner l’apprentissage du français dans notre contexte de formation. Nos propositions didactiques concernent aussi bien la sélection et le séquençage des contenus grammaticaux, la démarche méthodologique d’enseignement de la grammaire, et la correction/évaluation de la compétence grammaticale des apprenants. In fine, notre objectif didactique est de contribuer à la formation d’apprenants plurilingues conscients des processus à l’œuvre dans leur acquisition, et de les accompagner dans un usage réflexif de leurs connaissances linguistiques, notamment grammaticales. / Our research is related both to Second Language Acquisition Research and to Foreign Language Didactics, and has a twofold objective.First, we described crosslinguistic influences, from Spanish L1 and English L2, in the acquisition processes of some structures related to the verb construction in French L3, i.e. the verb construction with noun phrases, the selection of prepositions that potentially introduce these complements, and the acquisition of complement pronouns. To carry out this identification of syntactic transfers, we consider theoretical contributions from both multilingual acquisition research and studies that define developmental stages in French acquisition. Our study is based on written productions taken from first-year students, beginners in French, of the Translation/Interpretation university program at Universidad de Concepción in Chile.The second objective of our research consists of a didactic transposition of empirical results in order to better support the learning of French in our training context. Our teaching proposals deal with the selection and sequencing of grammatical contents, the methodological approach of grammar instruction, and the correction/evaluation of learners’ grammatical competence. In the end, our didactic purpose is to contribute to multilingual learners training and self-conscience of their acquisition processes, to support them with the reflexive use of their linguistic knowledge, in particular their grammatical knowledge.

O parasita Schistosoma mansoni é um dos principais causadores da esquistossomose, doença que acomete 200 milhões de indivíduos no mundo. O parasita possui um complexo ciclo de vida composto de seis estágios evolutivos em dois hospedeiros. S. mansoni possui um sofisticado sistema de interação com seus hospedeiros de modo a escapar da resposta imune e interagir com moléculas produzidas por eles. Alguns trabalhos na literatura descreveram o efeito do TNF-α humano sobre o processo de ovoposição do parasita adulto. Nosso trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o perfil de expressão gênica do S. mansoni ao longo de seus estágios de desenvolvimento, avaliar o efeito do TNF-α humano sobre o perfil de expressão gênica do parasita em dois estágios de desenvolvimento e descrever o gene homólogo ao receptor de TNF-α humano em S. mansoni. Para isso, duas plataformas de microarrays distintas foram utilizadas: uma composta por 4000 sondas de cDNA dupla fita produzida pelo nosso grupo de pesquisa e a outra, composta por 44000 sondas de oligonucleotídeos desenhadas pelo nosso grupo e produzida pela empresa Agilent Technologies. Com estas plataformas foi detectada a expressão de 5798 genes em vermes adultos, sendo que 156 genes apresentavam a transcrição nas fitas senso e anti-senso; 6 destes tiveram confirmadas a transcrição nas duas fitas por transcrição reversa fita específica seguida de PCR em Tempo Real. Adicionalmente foram identificados 229 genes diferencialmente expressos entre vermes adultos machos e fêmeas. A análise de expressão gênica entre 5 estágios de desenvolvimento do parasita mostrou dois tipos de conjuntos de dados: (i) 1423 genes diferencialmente expressos entre dois estágios subseqüentes de desenvolvimento e (ii) 342 genes com expressão enriquecida em um estágio exclusivamente. 68 destes são transcritos intrônicos que não possuem potencial codificador de proteinas. Um gene ortólogo ao receptor de TNF-α humano (SmTNFR) foi clonado e sequenciado. O transcrito SmTNFR possui 1967pb e codifica uma proteína de 599 aminoácidos. Outros 9 genes codificando elementos conservados da via de sinalização de TNF-α também foram identificados no conjunto de ESTs público, revelando uma via completa de sinalização de TNF-α no parasita. Por fim, identificamos com microarrays o conjunto de genes com expressão alterada pela adição de TNF-α humano em esquistossômulos e vermes adultos. 340 genes tiveram expressão alterada em vermes adultos utilizando a plataforma de cDNA. 411 genes sofreram mudanças de expressão em esquistossômulos e 1093 genes em vermes adultos detectados na plataforma de oligonucleotídeos. Este trabalho representa uma importante contribuição no entendimento da relação parasita-hospedeiro em nível molecular. / The parasite Schistosoma mansoni is one of major causative agents of schistosomiasis, a disease which affects 200 million people in the world. The parasite has a complex life cycle with six developmental stages in two hosts. S. mansoni has a sofisticated system of interaction with the hosts, permitting it to escape the immune response and to interact with molecules produced by the hosts. The effect of human TNF-α on adult parasite egg-laying has been described in the literature. The present work intended to analyse the gene expression profile of S. mansoni among its developmental stages, to evaluate the effect of human TNF-α on gene expression profile in two different developmental stages and to describe a homologous gene to human TNF-α receptor in S. mansoni. Two microarrays platfoms were used: one comprised by 4000 cDNA probes and printed by our research group and another, comprised by 44000 oligonucleotide probes designed by our group and printed by Agilent Technologies Company. With these platforms, we detected the expression of 5798 genes in adult worms, of which 156 showed transcription in sense and anti-sense strands; 6 of them had their expression levels confirmed by strand specific Real Time PCR. 229 genes were identified as differentially expressed between male and female adult worms. Gene expression analysis among 5 parasite developmental stages identified two data sets: (i) 1423 differentially expressed genes between two subsequent developmental stages and (ii) 342 expressed genes enriched in one exclusive stage. 68 of them are intronic transcripts with no protein-coding potential. An ortologue to human TNF-α receptor (SmTNFR) was cloned and sequenced. SmTNFR transcritpt has 1967bp and encodes a 599-amino acid protein. Other 9 genes encoding conserved elements of the TNF-α signaling pathway were identified among the public S. mansoni ESTs dataset, thus revealing a complete TNF-α signaling pathway in the parasite. Finally, we identified with microarrays the set of genes that have an altered gene expression upon exposure of schistosomula and adult worms to human TNF-α. 340 genes were identified with altered expression in adult worms using the cDNA platform. 411 genes changed their expression pattern in schistosomula and 1093 genes in adult worms using the oligonucleotide platform. This work represents an important contribution to the understanding of host-parasite interaction at the molecular level.