No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching dialogic reading (DR) strategies to patients with aphasia (PWA) as measured by DR strategy use during virtual training sessions. The secondary purpose was to improve psychosocial factors, including communicative participation, perceived stress, and confidence. A single subject multiple baseline across behaviors research design was employed via a telehealth model to examine a training program in DR strategies on expressive linguistic abilities and aspects of quality of life (QoL) in a PWA. Treatment was given four to five times a week and the session length varied based on the participant. Based on visual analysis of graphical representation of the data, it was determined that a functional relation existed between teaching the DR strategies and the PWA implementation through the training sessions for three out of the four strategies. These results provide preliminary evidence that a PWA has the necessary skills to implement DR strategies in the future. Researchers should strive towards including a child into future studies to create a more real-life situation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is an additive benefit in training Emergent Literacy (EL) skills with typically developing preschoolers using a combined intervention approach, Dialogic Reading (DR) plus classroom Phonological Awareness (CL), than a single intervention approach providing only DR training. The study consisted of 8 preschoolers (5 DR+CL, 3 DR). The classroom PA training was conducted 3 times a week for 5 weeks for 20 minutes, using play-based activities. The DR training programs were held once a week for 5 weeks for 90 minutes teaching strategies that could be used in the home environment. The combined treatment group, DR + CL, demonstrated significant gains in pre-post performance on one of the pre-literacy test measures. The DR group alone demonstrated a pre-post difference that approached significance on one of the pre-literacy measures. No significant differences were obtained between the groups on the other test measures.

This study investigated an enhanced dialogic reading (DR) approach in facilitating emergent literacy skills in typically developing preschool children. Eight children from a Title One preschool and their parents participated in five weekly 90-minute training sessions that focused on phonological awareness, print awareness, and alphabet knowledge. First order effects were examined in parent questioning and interaction behaviors on pre- and post-training videotapes. Second order effects were examined in the children's outcomes from pre- to posttesting of preliteracy, speech, and language skills. Results indicated that parents made significant increases in their initiations and responses and a significant decrease in their Mean Length of Turns. Second order effects were obtained in children's significant increases in responses during storybook reading, as well as in their preliteracy skills. With the exception of MLU, there were no differences in children's oral language, speech, or receptive language skills, which support the modularity of emergent literacy skills.

There are certain ways of reading to young children that are more effective than others in increasing language, vocabulary, and building early literacy skills. Dialogic reading is a method to enhance shared book reading by providing a context for dialogue and interaction between the adult and the child. Dialogic reading has been shown to have positive effects on young childrens’ early literacy and language skills. Thus far, parents and teachers have used these techniques in the home and school in one-on-one or small group settings. However, results have been variable due to inconsistent implementation. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of implementing dialogic reading techniques in a preschool setting via cross age tutoring by fifth grade students. Students in preschool and fifth grade were recruited from a school in Eastern Maryland. Fifth graders served as tutors and were trained to use dialogic reading techniques with preschool students in the same school. The tutoring dyads met three times a week for 30 minutes for 8 weeks. Preschoolers’ receptive and expressive language skills as well as their readiness to begin school were assessed before and after the intervention, and fifth grader’s attitudes towards reading prior to and after the intervention were measured. Data on the preschool students were analyzed using an Analysis of Covariance and the results indicated significant changes in receptive, expressive and school readiness in comparison to the control group with medium to large effect sizes (.402 - .640). Furthermore, data on tutor attitudes toward reading were analyzed using two-sample paired t-tests. Results revealed an increase in positive attitudes toward recreational reading, with an effect size of .653, and an increase in general reading attitudes with an effect size of .421. Finally, teachers reported observable differences in their students and expressed interest in continuing this project. Fifth graders maintained adequate treatment integrity and felt positive about their experiences. Preschoolers reported positive experiences in reading with their tutors. Further interpretation of results, implications for practice, and future directions are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching dialogic reading (DR) strategies to adolescent mothers as measured by DR strategy use during shared book reading with their children. The secondary purpose was to determine the impact of adolescent mothers' implementation of DR strategies on their preschool children’s single word vocabulary. A single subject multiple baseline across behaviors research design was implemented with one adolescent mother and her twin boys. Based on visual analysis of graphical representation of the data, it was determined there was a moderate to strong functional relation between educating an adolescent mother on DR and her implementation of DR strategies during shared book reading, depending on the DR strategy. Receptive and expressive scores on the individual book assessments decreased from baseline to intervention. These results provide preliminary evidence that adolescent mothers have the potential to implement new strategies during shared book reading when provided with direct support. Future research with this population should strive towards developing an intervention for adolescent mothers and their children to enhance children’s language and literacy development.

English fluency is a strong predictor of later academic success in the U.S. (Espinosa, 2007) In fact, a child who enters kindergarten with weak English language skills is most at risk for academic failure and dropping out of school; while a child with strong home language (L1) skills is more likely to attain fluency in English (Espinosa, 2007). A large portion of young English learners are acquiring their first and second languages at the same time. It is important to young dual language learners (DLL) that research reveals the best ways to provide effective instruction which helps maintain the home language and supports acquisition of English. This study examined the effects of an early reading intervention on preschool-age DLL children’s early literacy skills. Phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge have been identified as skills that can transfer from L1 to English (L2) to enhance the acquisition of the second language among young children (Dickinson, 2004; Durgunoglu, Nagy, & Hancin-Bhatt, 1993). There is evidence of the effectiveness of shared-reading interventions to increase children’s oral language skills across languages, race/ethnicity, and SES. The current study embedded instruction in phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge in a group of interactive reading strategies known as Dialogic Reading (DR). The intervention was delivered in the children’s home language, Spanish. Children’s growth in emergent literacy skills in Spanish and in English was monitored using a single subject with multiple baselines across subjects design. Visual analysis of single subject graphs indicated gains across all participants. In addition, paired-samples t-tests showed significant growth between pre- and post-tests in both English and Spanish of participating children. The findings have implications for research, policy, professional practice, and home literacy practices.

The aim of this study is to enhance the understanding of how preschool teachers work with and reason about a language development using a dialogic reading approach in a social reading environment, when reading aloud to the preschoolers.The study consists of a field study that uses qualitative methods including observations and semi-structured interviews with preschool teachers. The focus is on the preschool teachers’ perception about the reading activities that are part of the everyday preschool activities. The result indicates that the preschool teachers are aware of the importance of reading aloud and to use a dialogic reading activities to develop the preschooler’s language development. The result also indicates that an obstacle to a truly successful social reading environment, is the lack of time, but the preschool teachers try to overcome this obstacle by all means. Another result is that preschool teachers’ use of reading-aloud and dialogic reading differs depending on the age of the preschoolers.The study concludes that preschools are working with language development among the preschoolers on a daily basis, by using reading-aloud and dialogic reading, where language and pictures are the main focus. Furthermore, the preschools in this study consider it equally important to involve parents in the education of their children, i.e., that the preschool teachers have to make parents aware of the importance of reading aloud to their child, but also about the significance of using a dialogic reading. / Syftet med denna studie är att fördjupa förståelsen kring hur förskollärare arbetar med och resonerar kring det språkutvecklande arbetet i relation till högläsning och dialogisk läsning i en social läsmiljö. Studien har en kvalitativ metodansats och materialet samlades in med hjälp av observationer och semistrukturerade intervjuer med förskollärare och kretsade kring de läsaktiviteter som sker i förskolans verksamhet. Studiens resultat visar att förskollärarna är medvetna om högläsningens och den dialogiska läsningens betydelse för barns språkutveckling. Resultatet visar även en allmän tidsbrist gör att det språkpedagogiska arbetet ibland blir eftersatt men att förskollärarna ändå försöker hitta metoder för att kringgå detta. Resultatet indikerar även att lärarna arbetar på lite olika sätt på småbarnsavdelningarna respektive på avdelningarna för de äldre barnen.Studien konstaterar att förskolorna kontinuerligt arbetar med dialogisk läsning och sätter språket och olika texter samt bilder i fokus. Förskolorna ser det även som viktigt att vårdnadshavarna blir aktivt delaktiga i sina barns språkutveckling och förskolorna behöver därför uppmuntra dem att bli medvetna om högläsningens betydelse.

Vår intention med arbetet är att upptäcka olika metoder för att främja arbetet med högläsning. Syftet med litteraturöversikten är därför att granska tidigare forskning som redogör för olika metoder om högläsning för att gynna elevernas läsförmåga. Detta syftet leder till forskningsfrågan som litteraturöversikten utgår ifrån: Vilka metoder för högläsning gynnar utvecklingen av elevers läsförmåga? Datainsamlingen består av systematiska sökningar genom söksträngar i olika databaser som bland annat ERIC (EBSCO), Swepub, Scopus och DiVA. Forskningen är både internationell och nationell. Tematisk analys används för att analysera datainsamlingen. Utifrån analysen identifieras teman som utgör våra rubriker i resultatdelen. Studiens resultat visar att interaktiv högläsning är en metod som gynnar elevers literacyutveckling. Även andra faktorer såsom valet av bok och vid vilken tidpunkt på dagen påverkar främjandet av läsutvecklingen. Slutsatsen av litteraturstudien är att interaktiv högläsning, val av bok och tidpunkt med flera, främjar läskunnigheten och förståelsen. Ett aktivt lärande bidrar till en ökad motivation hos eleverna. / Our intention with this study is to discover different methods to promote the work with reading aloud. The purpose of this study is therefore to review previous research that outlines different approaches to reading aloud to benefit students' reading skills. This purpose leads to the research question on which this study is based: What methods of reading aloud benefit the development of students' reading skills? Data collection consists of systematic searches through search strings in various databases such as ERIC (EBSCO), Swepub, Scopus and Diva. The research is both international and national. Thematic analysis is used to analyze the data collection. Based on the analysis, themes are identified and form our headings in the results section. The results of the study shows that interactive reading aloud is a method that benefits students' literacy development. Other factors such as the choice of book and the time of day also influence the promotion of reading development. The conclusion of this study is that interactive reading aloud, choice of book and time of day, among others, promotes literacy and comprehension. Active learning contributes to increased motivation among students.