Submitted by DANILO MARCUS SANTOS RIBEIRO null (danpayne16@msn.com) on 2017-07-11T18:22:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação_danilo_marcus_v9_final.pdf: 3798083 bytes, checksum: 8969b64b8101340dd46391b7669f950a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-07-14T16:55:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_dms_me_bauru.pdf: 3798083 bytes, checksum: 8969b64b8101340dd46391b7669f950a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T16:55:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_dms_me_bauru.pdf: 3798083 bytes, checksum: 8969b64b8101340dd46391b7669f950a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-25 / Pesquisadores tem avaliado um grande número de técnicas de monitoramento para controlar a condição superficial de peças. O diafragma piezelétrico de titanato zirconato de chumbo (PZT) é utilizado em muitos campos de pesquisa, mas estes sensores não são comuns no mo-nitoramento dos processos de usinagem. Este trabalho propõe um método para monitorar a condição superficial da peça (usinagem normal e queima) usando um diafragma piezelétrico e técnicas de extração de características. Uma comparação é feita com o sensor convencional de emissão acústica (EA), que é um sensor amplamente utilizado no monitoramento dos proces-sos de usinagem. Os ensaios de usinagem foram realizados em uma máquina de retificação de superfícies utilizando aço ABNT 1045 e rebolo CBN, onde os sinais foram coletados a 2 MHz. As peças foram cuidadosamente analisadas por meio de inspeção visual, rugosidade superficial, medidas de dureza e análises metalográficas. Estudo do conteúdo de freqüência de ambos os sinais foi realizado com o objetivo de selecionar bandas estreitamente relacionadas com a condição da superfície da peça. Filtros digitais foram aplicados aos sinais puros e as características foram extraídas e analisadas. Os valores RMS (Root Mean Square) filtrados nas faixas selecionadas para ambos os sensores apresentaram um ajuste melhor à regressão linear, o que é altamente desejável para estabelecer um limiar para detecção da queima e im-plementação em um sistema de monitoramento. Além disso, os resultados do índice RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) mostraram um excelente comportamento para o monitoramen-to da queima decorrente do processo de retificação para ambos os sensores. O método foi va-lidado usando um rebolo diferente, o que mostra claramente sua eficácia e demonstra o uso potencial do diafragma piezelétrico de baixo custo para o monitoramento da queima no pro-cesso de retificação. / Researchers have evaluated a great number of monitoring techniques in order to control the surface condition of ground parts. Piezoelectric diaphragm of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are used in many fields, but these sensors are not common in the monitoring of machining pro-cesses. This paper proposes a method for monitoring the workpiece surface condition (normal grinding and burn) by using a piezoelectric PZT diaphragm transducer and feature extraction techniques. A comparison is made with conventional acoustic emission sensor, which is a traditional sensor in the monitoring of machining processes. Grinding tests were performed in a surface-grinding machine with SAE 1045 steel and CBN grinding wheel, where the signals were collected at 2 MHz. The workpieces were thoroughly analysed through visual inspec-tion, surface roughness and hardness measurements, and metallographic analyses. Study on the frequency content of both signals was carried out in order to select bands closely related to the workpiece surface condition. Digital filters were applied to the raw signals and features were extracted and analyzed. The RMS values filtered in the selected bands for both sensors presented a better fitting to the linear regression, which is highly desirable for setting a threshold to detect burn and implementing into a monitoring system. Also, the RMSD index results show an excellent behavior for grinding burn monitoring for both sensors. The method was validated by using a different grinding wheel, which clearly shows its effectiveness and demonstrates the potential use of the low-cost piezoelectric diaphragm for grinding burn mon-itoring.

Introduction: Expiratory air flow limitation, as seen in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), causes pulmonary hyperinflation and dyspnea. Six-minute walking test (6MWT) can be used to stimulate dynamic hyperinflation in COPD patients. Diaphragm mobility evaluation through M mode ultrasonography can be used to evaluate diaphragm dysfunction. The higher the diaphragmatic mobility, the bigger is the variation of muscle shortening resulting from its contraction. Objective: Measure, analyze and relate diaphragmatic mobility and ventilation parameters before and after 6MWT; to classify severity of COPD and to determine physical performance of patients. Materials and methods: Study design was transversal, analytical. The sample was divided in two groups: COPD and control (respiratory healthy individuals), recruited from Hospital Universitário de Sergipe and gyms in the city, evaluated between February 2015 and March 2016. Both groups were submitted to diaphragmatic mobility ultrasonographic evaluation and spirometry without bronchodilator agents before and after 6MWT, anthropometric measuring and answered COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale and had data about their disease collected. Results: After inclusion and exclusion criteria application, 70 patients remained in COPD group and 65 in Control group. There was significative reduction on diaphragmatic mobility between COPD and Control groups before (1,11±0,35cm; 1,32±0,38cm, respectively) and after (1,00±0,34cm; 1,37±0,35cm, respectively) 6MWT. Walked distance was also different between groups (395,93±70,54m and 450,63±55,08m, respectively, p<0,001). COPD group showed statistic difference before and after 6MWT in gender (p<0,001), smoking (p<0,001), biomass burning exposure (p<0,001), exacerbations (p<0,001), hospitalizations (p<0,001) and GOLD D severity (p=0,016). Conclusion: Significant difference in reduced diaphragmatic mobility in COPD and increased in healthy individuals and lower FVC in COPD without alterations in controls after exercise are suggestive of dynamic hyperinflation development. COPD patients distributed by GOLD severity classification were more frequently from Groups B and D. Mean walking distance was close to values considered of increased risk to mortality and hospitalization and are an alarm about the need to implement preventive measures (pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic) to improve this outcome. / Introdução: A limitação do fluxo aéreo expiratório, característico em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), leva à hiperinsuflação pulmonar determinante da sensação de dispneia. O teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6’) pode ser utilizado para estimular a hiperinsuflação dinâmica (HD) em pacientes com DPOC. A avaliação da mobilidade do diafragma, através da ultrassonografia modo M, é uma alternativa a ser utilizada para avaliar a disfunção diafragmática. Quanto maior a mobilidade diafragmática maior a variação do encurtamento muscular resultante da sua contração. Objetivos: Mensurar, analisar e relacionar a mobilidade diafragmática e os parâmetros ventilatórios pré e pós teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6’); classificar a gravidade da DPOC e determinar o desempenho físico do paciente. Materiais e Métodos: O desenho do estudo foi transversal, analítico. Amostra composta de dois grupos: DPOC e Controle (não portadores de doença pulmonar). O período do estudo foi de fevereiro de 2015 a março de 2016, no Hospital Universitário de Sergipe e academias populares da cidade. Os indivíduos de ambos os grupos fizeram a avaliação ultrassonográfica da mobilidade diafragmática e espirometria sem broncodilatador, antes e após o TC6’, foram submetidos a medidas antropométricas, e colhidos informações sobre a doença, aplicado instrumento de avaliação COPD Assessment Test – CAT e escala de dispneia modified Medical Research Council – mMRC. Resultados: Permaneceram no estudo 70 indivíduos no grupo DPOC e 65 no grupo Controle. Houve diferença significativa na mobilidade diafragmática, entre o grupo DPOC e Controle, antes (1,11±0,35cm; 1,32±0,38cm, respectivamente) e após (1,00±0,34cm; 1,37±0,35cm, respectivamente) do TC6’ (p<0,001). A distância percorrida foi também diferente entre os grupos (395,93±70,54m e 450,63±55,08m, respectivamente, p<0,001). Quando se analisou a mobilidade diafragmática, no grupo DPOC, para sexo (p<0,001), tabagista (p<0,001), exposição a biomassa (p<0,001), exacerbação (p<0,001), hospitalização (p<0,001) e GOLD D (p=0,016) foi significativamente menor, antes e depois do TC6’. Conclusão: Diferença significativa de mobilidade diafragmática reduzida na DPOC e aumentada nos saudáveis respiratórios além de média de CVF menor nesses e inalterada nos controles, após a carga de exercício, são inferência do desenvolvimento de hiperinflação dinâmica. Os portadores da DPOC distribuídos pela classificação GOLD apresentaram maior frequência nos Grupos B e D. A média de distância percorrida foi próximo aos valores considerados para risco de mortalidade e hospitalização, alertando-nos sobre a necessidade de medidas preventivas (farmacológicas e não-farmacológicas) que objetivem a melhoria deste desempenho.

Orientadores: Ilka de Fátima Santana Ferreira Boin, Alberto Cliquet Junior / Texto em português e inglês / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:22:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_AureaMariaOliveirada_D.pdf: 3321051 bytes, checksum: f6610f15d11aceeb44323830d9953cd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs) é uma técnica não-invasiva para a detecção da atividade da musculatura esquelética, podendo ser utilizada para verificação da atividade dos músculos da respiração, como o diafragma e reto abdominal, escassamente estudados na literatura. Objetivo - Este estudo comparou a eletromiografia de superfície (músculos diafragma e reto abdominal) de indivíduos não hepatopatas e pacientes hepatopatas em lista de espera de transplante de fígado. Método ¿ Estudo prospectivo transversal analítico com indivíduos do sexo masculino acima de 18 anos distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo hepatopata (GH) e não hepatopata (GNH). Através da EMGs, avaliou-se a média da raiz quadratica ¿ RMS dos músculos diafragma e reto abdominal direitos. Verificou-se a força muscular através da manovacuometria (pressão inspiratória máxima - PIM e pressão expiratória máxima- PEM) e os volumes e fluxos pulmonares, usando se a espirometria (CVF ¿ capacidade vital, VEF1 ¿ volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo, FEM25-75% - fluxo expiratório máximo em 25-75% da CVF); e através do oximetro verificou-se frequência cardíaca (FC) e saturacão de oxigênio (satO2). Os outros dados analisados foram idade, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), antecedentes respiratórios, presença ou não de tabagismo, atividade física e ascite; escore MELD (model for end-stage liver disease), sendo considerado seis pontos para o grupo não hepatopata. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste Levene, de Mann-Whitney, qui-quadrado com teste de Fisher para análise das variáveis categóricas e a curva ROC (receiver operating curve), com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados ¿ Foram estudados 236 indivíduos, sendo: GNH (65) e GH (171). Foi observado no GH um IMC maior, possivelmente pela presença de ascite (p = 0,001 ); um RMS maior do reto abdominal (p = 0,0001) e da RMS do diafragma (p = 0,030); frequência cardíaca mais alta (p=0,0001); uma diminuição nos índices de PIM e PEM (p = 0,0001) e diminuição do VEF1 e FEM 25-75% (p=0,0001). Entre os pacientes em lista de transplante, 56 (32,7%) dos pacientes foram submetidos o transplante no período do estudo sendo a mortalidade em lista de 12,9% (22 pacientes). A ascite foi encontrada somente no grupo GH e tanto o tabagismo, quanto a atividade física e antecedentes pulmonares não foi diferente nos grupos estudados. A curva ROC mostrou que a RMS do reto abdominal foi capaz de discriminar os pacientes com doença hepática dos indivíduos não hepatopatas (área = 0,63 ; IC95 % :0.549 - 0,725 ). Conclusão - A EMGs, juntamente com dados do perfil respiratório, mostrou que os pacientes hepatopatas em lista de espera possuem um déficit muscular respiratório, que pode levar a complicações pulmonares no pós-operatório / Abstract: Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a non-invasive method to detect skeletal muscle activity used for respiratory muscle verification. There is little in the literature about the diaphragm and rectus abdominal using sEMG. Aim - This study compared sEMG for diaphragm and rectus abdominis muscles of a group of individuals with liver disease on the waiting list for liver transplantation to a group without. Method ¿ An analytical cross-sectional prospective study was carried out with 236 men, all over 18 years old, which were distributed into two groups: group hepatopathy (HG) and no hepatic disease group (NHG). sEMG, applying the root mean square (RMS) for the diaphragm and rectus abdominis right muscle, was used. The muscle strength was measured using a manometer (maximal inspiratory pressure - MIP and expiratory pressure - MEP), and for lung volumes and flows, (FVC: forced vital capacity, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second, MEF25-75%: maximum expiratory flow 25-75% of FVC) spirometry was used. By using a oximeter heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were calculated. Other demographic and clinical data were: age, body mass index (BMI), respiratory antecedent disease, smoker or non-smoker, physical activity (yes/no) and ascites (yes/no), and MELD score (model for end-stage liver disease). In the non-hepatic group six points for MELD were considered. For statistical analysis Levene test, Mann- Whitney test, chi-square with Fisher test for the categorical variables and ROC (receiver operating curve), with a significance level of 5 %, was used in a SPSS 21.0. Results - NHG (65) and HG (171) were studied. HG showed a higher BMI, possibly due to the presence of ascites (P = 0.001); an increase in the RMS of the rectus abdominis (P = 0.0001) and the RMS of the diaphragm (P = 0.030), and heart rate (P = 0.0001); while there was a decrease in levels of MEP, MIP (P = 0.0001), FEV1 and MEF 25-75% (P = 0.0001). Between patients on the transplant waiting list, 56 (32.7%) were submitted to liver transplantation during the study, and mortality in list was 12.9% (22 patients). Ascites were found only in the HG. Smoking habits, physical activity and pulmonary disease antecedents were not different in either group. The ROC curve showed that the RMS rectus abdominis was able to discriminate subjects with liver disease (area = 0.63, 95%CI: 0549 -0.725). Conclusion -sEMG, along with respiratory profile data, showed that the liver disease waiting list patients had a respiratory muscle impairment, which may lead to pulmonary complications in the postoperative transplant period / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutora em Ciências

Submitted by Michele Mologni (mologni@unoeste.br) on 2018-09-27T19:11:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 André Casanova de Oliveira.pdf: 871298 bytes, checksum: 1a18f35c00a5d4e07f5e4dff3f267e48 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T19:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 André Casanova de Oliveira.pdf: 871298 bytes, checksum: 1a18f35c00a5d4e07f5e4dff3f267e48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-28 / . / .

The work is concerned with a production of hydrogen and oxygen through by the help of electrolytic process in a device called electrolyzer. The basis of the work is assurance of the best efficiency of this process by testing a variety of materials and surfaces of electrodes, and testing different types of alkalic electrolytes.

The need of using the underground space was limited in the human history, but in the last century and due to the increase of world population, the use of the underground space has become essential. Underground metro stations, deep garages, tunnels and basements, etc... are examples of using the underground space inside the cities. The use of underground space is conducted through deep excavation or tunneling. Several techniques are used to conduct the deep excavation and one of the most popular and well known techniques used for deep excavation is the diaphragm walling technique which is widely used specially inside the cities to safe space because it requires a very small space to conduct a deep reinforced concreted wall under the ground. However, the construction of such walls causes deformation of the surrounding ground and it could also affect the nearby existing structures. In some recorded cases the slurry trench failed and causes a great deformation which effect the nearby structures. However, Minor damages and cracks were observed in buildings near stable slurry trenches, because the soil deformation was high. The existing structures inside the cities have been constructed on shallow or deep foundations and this research was oriented to study the effect of diaphragm wall installation on the existing adjacent piled foundation. Very limited studies were made to investigate such an effect. At Cambridge university centrifuge model tests were conducted to investigate the effect of slurry reduction on single piles. Field observation was conducted in several projects and showed the settlement and deformation of buildings located on deep foundation during the diaphragm wall trenching. Numerical analysis was conducted using FLAC 3D to simulate the laboratory and the available field works. FLAC 3D is a commercial software and it depend in its analysis on finite difference method. The purpose of the simulation was to verify the used numerical analysis method. The results from the numerical analysis were in a good agreement with the available field data results, and they were also in good agreement with the laboratory test results regarding soil settlement but it was not in such good agreement when they were compared regarding the pile. Generally, from the verification the numerical analysis method is considered to be reliable. A parametric study was performed using the verified numerical analysis method. The flexible nature of the numerical analysis allows to simulate different cases and to study a variety of parameters. The output of the parametric study was the pile deflection, the bending moment and the shaft friction. The study was divided into three main parts while each part contains several parameter combinations. The first part studied the effect of the single and double panel(s) on the single pile group that has different piles numbers and formations. The second and third parts studied the effect of multiple panels on connected pile groups and piled raft foundation, respectively. Generally, the studied parameters can be divided into three main groups. The first is related to the trench which includes the panel dimension, the number of panels and the slurry level inside the panel. The effect of slurry pressure reduction at some levels inside the trench was also studied. The second group concerned the soil type and ground water level. The third group is related to the deep foundation which includes pile characteristics, location, and formation within the group. The results from the parametric study showed that the pile behavior was greatly affected by panel length, groundwater level, slurry level inside the trench and steadiness of the slurry pressure. The piles were also affected by the different stages of construction related to the pile location from the constructed panel. The piles within the group act together so they behave different from each other according to their position. The effect of the pile on the trench stability is presented through a simple analytical approach which is based on the wedge analysis. The analytical approach provided equations that calculate the factor of safety in two and three dimensions. The pile location was governing the equation that calculate the factor of safety because the pile could be fully inside the failure wedge or intersect with the failure surface. A comparative study was conducted to find out the effect of the different pile location and other parameters on the safety factor. Generally, this comparative study showed that the pile located within the failure wedge reduces the factor of safety, while the pile that intersects the failure surface could increase it. The pile row near a trench that contains piles inside the failure wedge and others intersects the failure surface act together to balance the failure wedge. The factor of safety results of some cases from the analytical approach were also compared with those calculated from the numerical analysis. In general, the factor of safety from the numerical analysis was higher than that calculated from the proposed analytical approach. This research helped to understand the trenching effect on the ground surface and on the nearby piled foundations. It provided charts that could help to predict the soil deformation and earth pressure coefficient which could be used in the design. It showed through the parametric study the precautions that should be taken into consideration during trenching process near piled foundation. This research provided a design method for the slurry trench panel near piled foundation.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is one of the commonest cause of the nephrotic syndrome in adults patients. It is a damage of glomerulus characterized by leakage of proteins to urine and oedemas which usually develops into the end-stage renal disease within 10 years. Recently have been described familial forms of this disease which arise from injury to proteins making up filtration barrier of kidney. In 2005 non-selective ion channel TRPC6 was assigned among these proteins. In this thesis I focused on summarizing existing knowledge of the nephrotic syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and involvement of TRPC6 in their origin. Second part of this work is devoted to the screening analysis of TRPC6 gene to discover possible mutations and polymorfisms in 47 patients with histologically proven focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease. The used methods were high resolution melting and direct sequencing. In the group of patients was detected no pathogenic mutation, only 2 known polymorfisms P15S and A404V and few changes which do not result in alteration of amino acid. So it seems TRPC6 gene mutations are a rare cause of the focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adult patients in the Czech Republic.

Title: Comparison of Special Breathing Exercises versus Specialized Physiotherapeutic Interventions for Static Apnea Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to look deeper into the issue of improving performance in static apnea, one of the competitive disciplines of freediving and compare its training with 1) special breathing exercises for divers (Mana, 2018) and 2) physiotherapeutic intevrentions based on working with the diaphragm and deep stabilization system of the spine (Kolář, 2009). The aim was to find out which group achieved a more effective result and what is the overall diference between the training result of both groups in terms of posture quality and performance in static apnea. Methods: The experiment involved 14 healthy people, men and women, aged 19-23 years old. The experiment consisted of three parts: 1) Initial measurement of static apnea and examination of four tests to determine the quality of one's postural muscles, 2) four-week lasting training according to the division into groups (breathing exercises for divers or training based on physiotherapy intervention), 3) final measurement of static apnea and re-examination of posture tests. The obtained data were recorded and processed. Results: It appeared that due to the small amount of statistically signifiant data and...

The objective of the thesis was to evaluate the possibility to calculate the unloading distribution between a ventilator and a patient using a new mathematical modelling of the breathing patterns. The modelling used today is considered to lack sufficient precision for clinical use, and is a somewhat simplified model. To evaluate the possibility of a new model, a volunteer test was carried out - recording data such as Edi, pressure, volume and flow. Using this data, and by using a more complex model, tidal volume was estimated and compared to the measured data. The results did not imply any improvement compared to the simpler model regarding the accuracy and the variability. However, more work should be done in this area, as time deficiency prevented further analysis.

Z-sections are widely used as secondary members in metal building roof systems. Lateral restraints are required to maintain the stability of a Z-section roof system and provide resistance to the lateral forces generated by the slope of the roof and the effects due to the rotation of the principal axes of the Z-section relative to the plane of the roof sheathing. The behavior of Z-sections in roof systems is complex as they act in conjunction with the roof sheathing as a system and as a light gage cold formed member, is subject to local cross section deformations. The goal of this research program was to provide a means of predicting lateral restraint forces in Z-section supported roof systems. The research program began with laboratory tests to measure lateral restraint forces in single and multiple span sloped roof systems. A description of the test apparatus and procedure as well as the results of the 40 tests performed is provided in Appendix II. To better understand the need for lateral restraints and to provide a means of testing different variables of the roof system, two types of finite element models were developed and are discussed in detail in appended Paper I. The first finite element model is simplified model that uses frame stiffness elements to represent the purlin and sheathing. This model has been used extensively by previous researchers and modifications were made to improve correlation with test results. The second model is more rigorous and uses shell finite elements to represent the Z-section and sheathing. The shell finite element model was used to develop a calculation procedure referred to as the Component Stiffness Method for predicting the lateral restraint forces in Z-section roof systems. The method uses flexural and torsional mechanics to describe the behavior of the Z-section subject to uniform gravity loads. The forces generated by the system of Z-sections are resisted by the "components" of the system: the lateral restraints, the sheathing and Z-section-to-rafter connection. The mechanics of purlin behavior providing the basis for this method are discussed in appended Paper II. The development of the method and the application of the method to supports restraints and interior restraints are provided in appended papers III, IV and V. / Ph. D.