Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

<p>The objective of this essay has been to show how the image of the Soviet Union in “Alla tiders historia” differs in the 1989 and 2004 editions of the book. To explain these differences I have used a discourse analytic perspective, mainly inspired by Michel Foucault and his philosophical theories of the constructions of objects, and also Faircloughs critical discourse analysis inspired by Gramsci.</p><p>In this paper the two editions of “Alla tiders historia” are presented with quotes which are then analysed from using my theoretical framework. In the 1989 edition three themes emerged: continuity, undecidability and ambivalence, which together present an image of a Soviet Union which is not clearly defined within the political discourse.</p><p>In the 2004 edition this struggle over the discourse has been settled and the Soviet Union’s position as a dictatorship has been determined, at the same time as the Soviet Union is put in a negative relationship with Czar Russia and is connected with Nazi Germany. The hypothesis which this essay presume, that these differences reflect a greater discoursive shift on a social level has taken place since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 is in a sense confirmed.</p>

The objective of this essay has been to show how the image of the Soviet Union in “Alla tiders historia” differs in the 1989 and 2004 editions of the book. To explain these differences I have used a discourse analytic perspective, mainly inspired by Michel Foucault and his philosophical theories of the constructions of objects, and also Faircloughs critical discourse analysis inspired by Gramsci. In this paper the two editions of “Alla tiders historia” are presented with quotes which are then analysed from using my theoretical framework. In the 1989 edition three themes emerged: continuity, undecidability and ambivalence, which together present an image of a Soviet Union which is not clearly defined within the political discourse. In the 2004 edition this struggle over the discourse has been settled and the Soviet Union’s position as a dictatorship has been determined, at the same time as the Soviet Union is put in a negative relationship with Czar Russia and is connected with Nazi Germany. The hypothesis which this essay presume, that these differences reflect a greater discoursive shift on a social level has taken place since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 is in a sense confirmed.

Les buts de la présente étude étaient de délimiter une unité de l'analyse de l'oral spontané comparable en français et en slovène, d'examiner l'influence des éléments contextuels sur la structuration de cette unité et de dégager les combinaisons de structures linguistiques les plus efficaces lors de trois stratégies communicatives de base : lutte pour la parole, appel à l'attention et la demande de réaction. L'analyse a montré que dans les deux langues, l'unité de base de l'oral peut être délimitée par la chute conjointe de l'intensité et de la hauteur tonale. Cette unité, reprise par la méthodologie de Morel et Danon-Boileau [1998] est dénominée le paragraphe oral avec ses constituants préambule, rhème et postrhème. Une fois l'unité de base délimitée, l'étude examine l'influence des éléments contextuels sur la structuration de l'oral spontané. L'analyse de la narration, de l'argumentation et de la confrontation d'opinions différentes a montré surtout l'influence du type du discours sur la longueur du préambule et sur sa composition interne. Le profil des locuteurs semble avoir la plus grande influence sur le choix des ligateurs. En ce qui concerne les stratégies des locuteurs, les résultats montrent que lors de la lutte pour la parole, le locuteur qui produit ses énoncés avec une intensité plus forte et un surplus de marques du travail de formulation va à la fin d'un chevauchement garder la parole. Quand il demande auprès de celui qui l'écoute une réaction, il le réalise par une chute de l'intensité à la fin d'une structure syntaxique, ce qui coïncide avec la fin d'un rhème. / The aims of the present study are to define the unit for the analysis of the spontaneous speech in french and in slovene, to examine the influence of the context elements on the structure of this unit and to analyse the most efficient combinations of the linguistic structures whithin three basic speech strategies: turn taking, seeking for attention and request for reaction. The analysis shows that the basic unit of spontaneaous speech can be defined by simultaneaous fall of intensity and pitch in both languages. This basic unit is defined as speech paragraph with its components preamble, rheme and postrheme. In the next step, the study examines the influence of the context elements on the structuration of the spontaneous spoken discourse. The analysis of the narration, argumentation and confrontation of different opinions shows the influence of the discourse genre on the lenght and the internal structure of the preamble. On the other hand, the speaker's profile seems to have the most important effect on the use of the connectors. The analysis of the speaker's strategies in spontaneous spoken discourse shows that when two speakers start speaking at the same moment and fight for their turns, the speaker who increases the intensity, produces more features of non final formulation will more likely keep or get his turn. When a speaker wants the listener to react in order to confirm his speaking, he will realise a fall of intensity at the end of a syntactic unit, which usually takes place at the end of a rheme.