Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentoalveolar effects of rapid maxillary expansion in children with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate in comparison with non-cleft patients. Methods: The experimental group (EG) was composed of 25 patients with unilateral and complete cleft lip and palate (9 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 10.6 years. The control group (CG) comprised of 27 patients without cleft lip and palate (14 males and 13 females) with a mean age of 9.1 years. Dental models of the maxillary dental arch were obtained immediately preexpansion (T1) and 6 months post-expansion (T2) at the time of appliance removal. Digital dental models were obtained using the 3Shape R700 3D laser scanner (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). Transversal widths, arch perimeter, arch length, palatal depth, palatal volume, canine and posterior tooth inclination were digitally measured. Paired t-test was used to perform interphase comparisons and independent t-test to perform intergroup comparisons (p<0.05). Results: In the experimental group, the expansion produced a ignificant increase of all maxillary transverse measurements, palatal volume, arch perimeter and palatal depth while decreased the arch length. RME caused a buccal tip of posterior teeth in patients with UCLP. No differences were observed between experimental and control groups for all the measurements performed except for the intermolar distance (6-6), which showed a greater increase in patients with cleft. Conclusion: Rapid maxillary expansion showed similar dentoalveolar effects in children with UCLP and without oral clefts. / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentoalveolar effects of rapid maxillary expansion in children with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate in comparison with non-cleft patients. Methods: The experimental group (EG) was composed of 25 patients with unilateral and complete cleft lip and palate (9 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 10.6 years. The control group (CG) comprised of 27 patients without cleft lip and palate (14 males and 13 females) with a mean age of 9.1 years. Dental models of the maxillary dental arch were obtained immediately preexpansion (T1) and 6 months post-expansion (T2) at the time of appliance removal. Digital dental models were obtained using the 3Shape R700 3D laser scanner (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). Transversal widths, arch perimeter, arch length, palatal depth, palatal volume, canine and posterior tooth inclination were digitally measured. Paired t-test was used to perform interphase comparisons and independent t-test to perform intergroup comparisons (p<0.05). Results: In the experimental group, the expansion produced a ignificant increase of all maxillary transverse measurements, palatal volume, arch perimeter and palatal depth while decreased the arch length. RME caused a buccal tip of posterior teeth in patients with UCLP. No differences were observed between experimental and control groups for all the measurements performed except for the intermolar distance (6-6), which showed a greater increase in patients with cleft. Conclusion: Rapid maxillary expansion showed similar dentoalveolar effects in children with UCLP and without oral clefts.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentoalveolar effects of rapid maxillary expansion in children with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate in comparison with non-cleft patients. Methods: The experimental group (EG) was composed of 25 patients with unilateral and complete cleft lip and palate (9 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 10.6 years. The control group (CG) comprised of 27 patients without cleft lip and palate (14 males and 13 females) with a mean age of 9.1 years. Dental models of the maxillary dental arch were obtained immediately preexpansion (T1) and 6 months post-expansion (T2) at the time of appliance removal. Digital dental models were obtained using the 3Shape R700 3D laser scanner (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). Transversal widths, arch perimeter, arch length, palatal depth, palatal volume, canine and posterior tooth inclination were digitally measured. Paired t-test was used to perform interphase comparisons and independent t-test to perform intergroup comparisons (p<0.05). Results: In the experimental group, the expansion produced a ignificant increase of all maxillary transverse measurements, palatal volume, arch perimeter and palatal depth while decreased the arch length. RME caused a buccal tip of posterior teeth in patients with UCLP. No differences were observed between experimental and control groups for all the measurements performed except for the intermolar distance (6-6), which showed a greater increase in patients with cleft. Conclusion: Rapid maxillary expansion showed similar dentoalveolar effects in children with UCLP and without oral clefts. / Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentoalveolar effects of rapid maxillary expansion in children with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate in comparison with non-cleft patients. Methods: The experimental group (EG) was composed of 25 patients with unilateral and complete cleft lip and palate (9 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 10.6 years. The control group (CG) comprised of 27 patients without cleft lip and palate (14 males and 13 females) with a mean age of 9.1 years. Dental models of the maxillary dental arch were obtained immediately preexpansion (T1) and 6 months post-expansion (T2) at the time of appliance removal. Digital dental models were obtained using the 3Shape R700 3D laser scanner (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). Transversal widths, arch perimeter, arch length, palatal depth, palatal volume, canine and posterior tooth inclination were digitally measured. Paired t-test was used to perform interphase comparisons and independent t-test to perform intergroup comparisons (p<0.05). Results: In the experimental group, the expansion produced a ignificant increase of all maxillary transverse measurements, palatal volume, arch perimeter and palatal depth while decreased the arch length. RME caused a buccal tip of posterior teeth in patients with UCLP. No differences were observed between experimental and control groups for all the measurements performed except for the intermolar distance (6-6), which showed a greater increase in patients with cleft. Conclusion: Rapid maxillary expansion showed similar dentoalveolar effects in children with UCLP and without oral clefts.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Sveriges riksdag har lagstiftat ett långgående miljömål om att Sverige som nation ska vara klimatneutralt till år 2045. I Sverige står bygg- och fastighetsbranschen för ca 18 % av det totala nationella utsläppet av växthusgaser. Det växande behovet av byggande gör att det blir allt viktigare att ta hänsyn till ökande klimatpåverkan från byggnadsmaterialtillverkningen, byggandet och förvaltningen. Dokumentation av bygg- och anläggningsprojekts klimatpåverkan i form av Livscykelanalyser (LCA) börjar att efterfrågas av flera offentliga och privata beställare. Det är dock väldigt tids- och resurskrävande att utföra en LCA för ett projekt. Beräkning och planering av åtgärder för att minska klimatpåverkan, baserat på en LCA är inte ännu kopplat till tekniska projekteringen. Detta utgör ett hinder för att byggsektorn kan uppnå miljömålet om klimatneutralitet.Svenska byggföretag lagrar projektdata i olika IT-baserade produktions- och planeringssystem t.ex. kalkylsystem, digitala designprogram (CAD, Computer Aided Design), interna LCA-verktyg etc. Ett sätt för att effektivisera och göra mindre kostsamma LCA:er är att använda redan befintlig information i CAD-programvara. Den största offentliga beställaren på anläggningssidan Trafikverket ställer krav både på leverans av byggprojekthandlingar i ett digitalt format och rapportering av minskad klimatpåverkan i sina projekt. Idag saknas dock ett smidigt sätt att överföra projektinformation, t.ex. ingående byggnadsmaterial och dess mängder för konstruktionsdelar, från CAD-verktyg till LCA-programvara.Det nya byggklassifikationssystemet, CoClass erbjuder ett nytt sätt att strukturera digital projektinformation i CAD-verktygen. Det pågår en rad branschgemensamma initiativ för att utreda om användandet av CoClass kan förenkla överföring av projektinformationen från digitala modeller till LCA-programvaror.Syfte: Syftet med denna rapport var att ta fram en arbetsprocess för parametrisering av digitala modeller i enlighet med det nya CoClass-systemet och överföring av informationen på ett digitalt sätt till en LCA-programvara.Metod: Tillvägagångssättet baserades på flertalet semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna inriktade sig mot konstruktörer och klimat/LCA-samordnare. I arbetet utfördes parametrisering av en digital modell för en betongbro i en CAD-programvara, Tekla och överföring av informationen till en LCA-programvara, Gabi.Slutsats: Resultatet från intervjuerna och testerna visar att det är tekniskt möjligt att använda CoClass för att parametrisera informationen i digitala modeller med avseende på LCA redan idag. Det har också konstaterats att det i nuläget saknas incitament för beställare, entreprenörer och konsulter att börja strukturera sina digitala modeller enligt CoClass- systemet. En ytterligare slutsats är att de ökade beställarkraven på minskandet av klimatpåverkan i bygg- och anläggningsprojekt skulle kunna bli en drivkraft för olika marknadsaktörer att gå över till CoClass-systemet. Implementering av CoClass- systemet i byggbranschen kommer skapa nya affärsmöjligheter med klimateffektiva konstruktioner och tekniska utföranden, vilket kommer stödja uppfyllandet av Sveriges mål om klimateffektivitet. / Background: The Swedish Parliament has legislated a long-term environmental objective that Sweden as a nation should be climate neutral by 2045. In Sweden, the construction and real estate industry accounts for about 18% of the total national greenhouse gas emissions. The growing need for expanding construction makes it important to take into account the increasing climate impact of production of building materials, construction and maintenance. Documentation of the construction project's carbon footprint in terms of life cycle analysis (LCA) begins to be requested by several public and private clients. Creating an LCA-report today is a very time and resource consuming process. There is no connection between calculation and planning of climate impact, based on an LCA and the technical project planning which constitutes an obstacle to reach the climate targets.Swedish construction companies store project data in various IT-based production- and planning systems, eg. calculation systems, digital design programs (CAD, Computer Aided Design), internal LCA tools, etc. The Swedish Transport Administration (Trafikverket) sets demands on both delivery of construction documentation in a digital format and reports of reduced climate impact in their projects. But currently the procedure lacks an effective way to transfer project information, such as building materials and their amount of construction parts, from CAD tools to LCA software.The new building classification system, CoClass, offers a new way of organizing digital project information in CAD tools. Initiatives from the construction industry are underway to investigate whether the use of CoClass can simplify the transfer of project information from digital models to LCA software.Purpose: The purpose of this report is to develop a process of parameterization in digital models in accordance with the new CoClass system and investigating ways of transferring information in a digital way to an LCA software.Method: In this report, the approach has been several semi-structured interviews. The interviews ware targeting building constructor and climate/LCA coordinators. In the work based on information from the interviews a parametrization of a concrete bridge was performed in a CAD-software, Tekla and further the information was transferred to LCA software, GaBi.Conclusion. The results of the interviews and the test shows that it is technically possible to use CoClass to parameterize the information in digital models regarding to LCA, today. There is currently no incentive for clients, entrepreneurs and consultants to start structuring their digital models according to the CoClass system. But the increased demand requirements for reducing climate impact in construction projects can become a spur for different market participants to switch to the CoClass system. Implementation of the CoClass system in the construction industry will create new business opportunities with climate-efficient constructions and technical designs, which will support the fulfillment of Sweden's climate efficiency targets.

A pesquisa investiga o complexo processo de informatização disciplinar da arquitetura, direcionando-se especificamente à abordagem das relações entre a concepção arquitetônica e o uso de modelos digitais. Nessa relação específica entre tecnologia informático-digital e criação toma-se como recorte privilegiado de estudo a produção das arquiteturas suportadas por técnicas digitais nas últimas duas décadas (1990-2010). Com esse intento, estipulam-se duas aproximações. A primeira evoca a compreensão da própria criação arquitetônica como prática disciplinada, por meio de uma revisão da teoria de projeto. Estabelece uma leitura do papel do homem e dos seus instrumentos no projeto arquitetônico, definindo-se critérios para o ensaio sobre as interferências da tecnologia digital. A segunda aproximação, retoma a filosofia do design proposta de Vilém Flusser. Nesse caso, a pesquisa situa os instrumentos tecnológicos como recurso de superação das limitações humanas, que, afetando as estruturas de pensamento e criação vigentes, delimitam novas relações entre homem, conhecimento, criatividade e realidade. Em especial são estabelecidas incursões teóricas a partir de conceitos propostos pelo filósofo: \"gesto de fazer\", \"aparelho\", \"imagem-técnica\", \"gesto do cálculo e da computação\" e, por fim, \"o programa\". Essas incursões propõem diálogos com outros teóricos do campo do conhecimento e estudos de caso que endossam a argumentação. Por fim, estabelecem-se considerações críticas sobre as interferências da tecnologia informático-digital na arquitetura, propondo-se perspectivas para a criação pautada nos modelos digitais. / This is a research about the complex computerization of Architecture discipline. It focuses on the relationship between architectural design and use of digital models. In this specific context between digital technology and human creation, the study of the production of Architecture supported by digital techniques in the last two decades (1990-2010) is a privileged study object. Considering this, the study stipulates two approaches. The first refers to the understanding of the architectural conception as a disciplined practice through a review of Design Theory. It establishes a lecture on the role of man and its tools in architectural design, defining criteria for the discussion on the influence of digital technology. The second approach uses the design philosophy proposed by Vilém Flusser. In this case, the research comprehends the technological tools as a means of overcoming human limitation. It affects the structures of thinking and creating, marking new relations between man, knowledge, creativity and reality. In particular, incursions are established from theoretical concepts proposed by the philosopher: \"gesture of making\", \"apparatus\", \"technical image\", \"gesture of calculation and computation\", and \"the program\". These approaches raids propose dialogues with other theorists of the field of knowledge and case studies that endorse the argument. Finally, they settle critical considerations about the influence of digital technology in Architecture offering up prospects for the creation based on digital models.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O uso de modelos de estudo dentários faz parte tanto da prática quanto da pesquisa odontológica e ortodôntica. Com a introdução dos scanners 3D e dos tomógrafos CBCT (cone beam computer tomography) tornou-se possível a obtenção de modelos dentários tridimensionais virtuais das arcadas dentárias. Foram selecionados 56 modelos dentários superiores e escaneados em três tipos diferentes de scanners: Maestro 3D Dental Scanner (AGE Solutions, Potedera, Italia), 3Shape R700 3D Scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Dinamarca) e o scanner 3Shape TRIOS (3Shape, Copenhagen, Dinamarca). Doze medidas foram realizadas nos modelos dentários de gesso e comparadas com as mesmas medidas realizadas nos modelos dentários digitais por meio do teste de Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Estatisticamente não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as medições tradicionais nos modelos dentários de gesso e as medidas realizadas nos modelos dentários digitais. Os três tipos de métodos de aquisição de modelos dentários digitais foram considerados confiáveis para as medições horizontais, transversais e verticais. Os modelos dentários virtuais podem ser indicados como substitutos dos modelos dentários de gesso. / The use of dental study casts is part of the practice and research in dentistry and orthodontics. With the advent of 3D scanners and CBCT (cone beam computer tomography) scanners, it became possible to obtain three-dimensional virtual dental casts of the dental arches. 56 upper dental casts were selected and scanned in three different types of scanners: Maestro 3D Dental Scanner (AGE Solutions, Potedera, Italy), 3Shape R700 3D Scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and 3Shape TRIOS scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). 12 Measurements were performed on dental plaster models and compared with the same measurements in digital dental models through test Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). No statistically significant differences were found between the traditional measurements in dental plaster models and measurements taken in the digital dental models. The three kinds of methods to acquire digital dental models were considered reliable for horizontal, vertical and cross measurements. The virtual dental models can be indicated as substitutes for dental plaster models.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O uso de modelos de estudo dentários faz parte tanto da prática quanto da pesquisa odontológica e ortodôntica. Com a introdução dos scanners 3D e dos tomógrafos CBCT (cone beam computer tomography) tornou-se possível a obtenção de modelos dentários tridimensionais virtuais das arcadas dentárias. Foram selecionados 56 modelos dentários superiores e escaneados em três tipos diferentes de scanners: Maestro 3D Dental Scanner (AGE Solutions, Potedera, Italia), 3Shape R700 3D Scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Dinamarca) e o scanner 3Shape TRIOS (3Shape, Copenhagen, Dinamarca). Doze medidas foram realizadas nos modelos dentários de gesso e comparadas com as mesmas medidas realizadas nos modelos dentários digitais por meio do teste de Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Estatisticamente não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as medições tradicionais nos modelos dentários de gesso e as medidas realizadas nos modelos dentários digitais. Os três tipos de métodos de aquisição de modelos dentários digitais foram considerados confiáveis para as medições horizontais, transversais e verticais. Os modelos dentários virtuais podem ser indicados como substitutos dos modelos dentários de gesso. / The use of dental study casts is part of the practice and research in dentistry and orthodontics. With the advent of 3D scanners and CBCT (cone beam computer tomography) scanners, it became possible to obtain three-dimensional virtual dental casts of the dental arches. 56 upper dental casts were selected and scanned in three different types of scanners: Maestro 3D Dental Scanner (AGE Solutions, Potedera, Italy), 3Shape R700 3D Scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and 3Shape TRIOS scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). 12 Measurements were performed on dental plaster models and compared with the same measurements in digital dental models through test Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). No statistically significant differences were found between the traditional measurements in dental plaster models and measurements taken in the digital dental models. The three kinds of methods to acquire digital dental models were considered reliable for horizontal, vertical and cross measurements. The virtual dental models can be indicated as substitutes for dental plaster models.

A pesquisa investiga o complexo processo de informatização disciplinar da arquitetura, direcionando-se especificamente à abordagem das relações entre a concepção arquitetônica e o uso de modelos digitais. Nessa relação específica entre tecnologia informático-digital e criação toma-se como recorte privilegiado de estudo a produção das arquiteturas suportadas por técnicas digitais nas últimas duas décadas (1990-2010). Com esse intento, estipulam-se duas aproximações. A primeira evoca a compreensão da própria criação arquitetônica como prática disciplinada, por meio de uma revisão da teoria de projeto. Estabelece uma leitura do papel do homem e dos seus instrumentos no projeto arquitetônico, definindo-se critérios para o ensaio sobre as interferências da tecnologia digital. A segunda aproximação, retoma a filosofia do design proposta de Vilém Flusser. Nesse caso, a pesquisa situa os instrumentos tecnológicos como recurso de superação das limitações humanas, que, afetando as estruturas de pensamento e criação vigentes, delimitam novas relações entre homem, conhecimento, criatividade e realidade. Em especial são estabelecidas incursões teóricas a partir de conceitos propostos pelo filósofo: \"gesto de fazer\", \"aparelho\", \"imagem-técnica\", \"gesto do cálculo e da computação\" e, por fim, \"o programa\". Essas incursões propõem diálogos com outros teóricos do campo do conhecimento e estudos de caso que endossam a argumentação. Por fim, estabelecem-se considerações críticas sobre as interferências da tecnologia informático-digital na arquitetura, propondo-se perspectivas para a criação pautada nos modelos digitais. / This is a research about the complex computerization of Architecture discipline. It focuses on the relationship between architectural design and use of digital models. In this specific context between digital technology and human creation, the study of the production of Architecture supported by digital techniques in the last two decades (1990-2010) is a privileged study object. Considering this, the study stipulates two approaches. The first refers to the understanding of the architectural conception as a disciplined practice through a review of Design Theory. It establishes a lecture on the role of man and its tools in architectural design, defining criteria for the discussion on the influence of digital technology. The second approach uses the design philosophy proposed by Vilém Flusser. In this case, the research comprehends the technological tools as a means of overcoming human limitation. It affects the structures of thinking and creating, marking new relations between man, knowledge, creativity and reality. In particular, incursions are established from theoretical concepts proposed by the philosopher: \"gesture of making\", \"apparatus\", \"technical image\", \"gesture of calculation and computation\", and \"the program\". These approaches raids propose dialogues with other theorists of the field of knowledge and case studies that endorse the argument. Finally, they settle critical considerations about the influence of digital technology in Architecture offering up prospects for the creation based on digital models.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-12-01T14:13:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao_Rafael_Melo_VFINAL.pdf: 1936423 bytes, checksum: 5f7a0702bd396f567a2396991a2471a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T14:13:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao_Rafael_Melo_VFINAL.pdf: 1936423 bytes, checksum: 5f7a0702bd396f567a2396991a2471a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / A cidade do Recife vem enfrentando problemas de mobilidade nos últimos anos devido ao crescimento da circulação de veículos automotores associado a ocupação do espaço urbano que dificulta a criação ou ampliação de vias. A solução para esta problemática passa pelo investimento de novas opções de transporte público e nesse sentido surgiu a ideia da criação de um sistema de transporte fluvial no rio Capibaribe. A criação de um corredor fluvial exige investimentos na modificação da calha natural do rio através de dragagens de aprofundamento, e o controle destas dragagens é feita por levantamentos batimétricos para obter a profundidade da superfície submersa antes e depois das dragagens, mensurar os volumes dragados e monitorar os processos de erosão e deposição do sedimento do leito do rio. Dentro desse contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo, no Capítulo 1, avaliar os levantamentos batimétricos e suas influencias na determinação da superfície submersa, investigar as diferenças entre 4 interpoladores espaciais, variando a densidade de pontos, direção do levantamento (Seções longitudinais ou seções transversais. No Capítulo 2, teve como objetivo avaliar as formas do leito através de perfis longitudinais e transversais, após as dragagens de aprofundamento, com foco nos impactos da dragagens nos processos de erosão e deposição de sedimentos, onde foi elaborado também modelado e exibida as regiões críticas para os processos citados. Os modelos digitais de profundidade (MDP) criados conseguiram representar a superfície submersa de modo satisfatório, com valores reduzidos para o EMQ e coeficientes de determinação (R²) que variaram entre 0,865 e 0,967. Em relação aos trechos estudados, o percentual de pontos utilizados na construção dos MDPs foi mais relevante no terceiro trecho executado em seções longitudinais e com menor densidade de pontos, tendo apenas o interpolador IQD apresentado baixo desempenho comparado as demais técnicas de interpolação. O perfil primitivo, tomado como referência de equilíbrio entre o volume erodido e depositado servirá como parâmetro para previsão dos locais com maiores tendências de agradação, fornecendo informações importantes para o controle das dragagens de manutenção. Foram comparados os perfis longitudinais e transversais de duas áreas situadas no canal de navegação oeste, uma com 350 metros e outra com 1000 metros, onde se verificou que na área 1 a erosão/remoção de sedimentos superou a sedimentação/agradação, indicando a ocorrência de dragagem no intervalo entre os dois levantamentos associado aos processos naturais. Na área de estudo 2 o processo de sedimentação/agradação superou o de remoção/erosão, com um volume equivalente a uma camada de 1 cm de espessura. A agradação ocorreu de forma homogênea no canal de navegação, enquanto que a erosão localizou-se nas margens, mais intensamente na margem direita. / The city of Recife is facing mobility problems in recent years due to increased movement of motor vehicles associated with occupation of urban space that hinders the creation or expansion of roads. The solution to this problem through the investment of new public transport options and in that sense did the idea of creating a river transport system in the Capibaribe River. The creation of a river corridor requires investment in natural trough modification of the river through deepening dredging, and the control of these dredging is done by bathymetric surveys for the depth of the submerged surface before and after the dredging, measure the dredged volumes, and monitor the erosion and deposition of riverbed sediment. In this context, the study aimed, in Chapter 1, evaluate the bathymetric surveys and their influence in determining the submerged surface, investigate the differences between 4 spatial interpolation by varying the density of points, direction of the survey (longitudinal sections or cross sections. In Chapter 2, we aimed to evaluate the bed ways of longitudinal and transverse profiles, after the dredging depth, focusing on the impacts of dredging in erosion and sediment deposition, which was prepared also modeled and displayed regions Critical to the above processes. Digital models of depth created managed to represent the submerged surface satisfactorily, with lower values for EMQ and coefficients of determination (R²) ranging between 0.865 and 0.967. With regard to the sites studied, the percentage of points used in the construction of MDPs was more relevant in the third stretch run on longitudinal sections and lower density of points, having only IQD interpolating presented poor performance compared to the other interpolation techniques. Primitive profile, taken as reference balance between eroded and deposited volume will serve as a parameter for predicting the places with major trends of aggradation, providing important information for the control of maintenance dredging. They compared the longitudinal and transverse profiles of two areas located in western shipping channel, one with 350 meters and over 1000 meters, where it was found that the area 1 to erosion / sediment removal exceeded sedimentation / aggradation, indicating the occurrence of Dredging in the interval between the two surveys linked to the natural processes. In the study area 2 the sedimentation / agradation exceeded the removal / erosion, with a volume equivalent to 1 cm thickness. The aggradation occur homogeneously in the navigation channel, while erosion was located on the banks, more intensely on the right bank.

Introduction: Le but de l’étude était d’examiner l’effet des matériaux à empreintes sur la précision et la fiabilité des modèles d’études numériques. Méthodes: Vingt-cinq paires de modèles en plâtre ont été choisies au hasard parmi les dossiers de la clinique d’orthodontie de l’Université de Montréal. Une empreinte en alginate (Kromopan 100), une empreinte en substitut d’alginate (Alginot), et une empreinte en PVS (Aquasil) ont été prises de chaque arcade pour tous les patients. Les empreintes ont été envoyées chez Orthobyte pour la coulée des modèles en plâtre et la numérisation des modèles numériques. Les analyses de Bolton 6 et 12, leurs mesures constituantes, le surplomb vertical (overbite), le surplomb horizontal (overjet) et la longueur d’arcade ont été utilisés pour comparaisons. Résultats : La corrélation entre mesures répétées était de bonne à excellente pour les modèles en plâtre et pour les modèles numériques. La tendance voulait que les mesures répétées sur les modèles en plâtre furent plus fiables. Il existait des différences statistiquement significatives pour l’analyse de Bolton 12, pour la longueur d’arcade mandibulaire, et pour le chevauchement mandibulaire, ce pour tous les matériaux à empreintes. La tendance observée fut que les mesures sur les modèles en plâtre étaient plus petites pour l’analyse de Bolton 12 mais plus grandes pour la longueur d’arcade et pour le chevauchement mandibulaire. Malgré les différences statistiquement significatives trouvées, ces différences n’avaient aucune signification clinique. Conclusions : La précision et la fiabilité du logiciel pour l’analyse complète des modèles numériques sont cliniquement acceptables quand on les compare avec les résultats de l’analyse traditionnelle sur modèles en plâtre. / Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different impression materials on the accuracy and reliability of digital models. Methods: Models from 25 patients selected at random from the files of the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Montreal were used in this study. One alginate (Kromopan 100 alginate, Italy), 1 alginate alternative (Alginot, Kerr Dentistry, Orange, CA), and 1 PVS (Aquasil, Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE) impression was taken of both arches of each patient and sent to Orthobyte (Othobyte Digital Technology inc., Calgary, AB) for fabrication of a plaster model and scanning for production of a digital model. The Bolton 6 and 12 analyses and their constituent measurements, overbite, overjet, and arch length were used for the comparison. Results: The repeatability of measurements using both the plaster and digital methods was good to excellent, with the plaster measurements tending to be more reliable. There were statistically significant differences in the Bolton 12 and mandibular arch length and spacing measurements for all impression materials, with the plaster models tending to give a smaller measurement for the Bolton 12 and a higher measurement for the mandibular arch length and spacing. Although statistically significant differences in some measurements were found for the reliability and validity of digital models, none was clinically significant. Conclusions: The accuracy and reliability of the software for comprehensive cast analysis is clinically acceptable and reproducible when compared with traditional plaster study model analysis.