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Students' use of technology for the purpose of academic and leisure pursuits is ever increasing. Technology access, and its subsequent use for the many varied forms of digital reading, is particularly timely and relevant for high school aged students that will likely interact with digital reading for years to come. The relationship between academic technology use, non-academic technology use, and students' scores on the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) supplemental Digital Reading Assessment (DRA) as they related to gross domestic product (GDP) were explored in this study. Research questions were answered using extant data collected from the DRA and Information Communication Technology (ICT) survey portions of the 2009 PISA. Results indicated that academic and non-academic technology use ICT survey items were moderately correlated, however the academic and non-academic survey items were only weakly correlated to the DRA score. Moreover, the non-academic mean score was significantly higher than the academic mean score survey items. Finally, a regression analysis showed that GDP accounted for 3.28% of the variance; the non-academic survey explained 0.27% of the variance, while the academic technology use survey items only accounted for .05% of variance in the DRA. The relationship between academic and non-academic technology use as well as countries' overall DRA and GDP is further explored in the discussion.

Le but de cette thèse est de proposer des méthodes pour pouvoir évaluer les performances durant la lecture sur support électronique, afin de pouvoir comparer plusieurs dispositifs d’affichage. Des tests permettant d’effectuer des mesures de performances de manière répétée ont été construits pour chacune des dimensions classiques de la lecture électronique : visibilité (test de caractérisation psychométrique), lisibilité (identification de lettres, décision lexicale, vitesse de lecture de phrases générées automatiquement) et compréhension (mesure de la mémorisation et des inférences pendant la lecture de textes générés automatiquement). Au-delà de ces dimensions classiques, nous avons réalisé deux études pour examiner le lien entre la lecture sur support électronique et la posture des utilisateurs. La première montre qu’une posture pouvant être engendrée par l’utilisation de tablette (inclinaison latérale de tête) n’affecte pas la performance de lecture. La seconde étude posturale montre l’effet de la difficulté d’un texte sur la distance à l’écran pendant l’utilisation d’une liseuse électronique ; les sujets se rapprochent de l’écran lorsque leur niveau d’attention augmente. L’ensemble des tests développés et une mesure de posture ont été regroupés dans une batterie de tests visant à quantifier la performance de lecture associée à un support donné ; l’indicateur résultant étant appelé « Quotient de Lecture Electronique ». Cet indicateur a été calculé pour un écran d’ordinateur, un vidéoprojecteur et une tablette. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que les tests permettent de comparer les supports, notamment en termes de visibilité et de lisibilité. / The aim of this thesis is to offer methods of evaluating performance during digital reading, in order to be able to compare different display devices. Tests were developed allowing repeated measurements for classic measures of digital reading: visibility (psychometric characterization), readability (letter identification, lexical decision, reading speed on automatically generated sentences) and comprehension (memorization and inference measurement while reading automatically generated texts). Beyond these classic dimensions, we also conducted two studies in order to examine the link between digital reading and the posture adopted by the device users. The first revealed that a tablet-use-related posture (lateral head tilt) does not affect reading performance. The second postural study demonstrated the effect of text difficulty on eye-screen distance during the use of an e-reader. Subjects approached the screen as their attentional level increased. The constructed tests and a postural measure were aggregated into a battery of tests permitting the evaluation of reading performance associated with a device. The resulting indicator is called the “Digital Reading Quotient”. This indicator has been computed for a computer screen, a projector and a tablet. The experimental results show that these tests can be used in order to compare different devices, especially in terms of visibility and readability.

A utilização de ferramentas digitais mudou a forma como interagimos com o texto escrito. A leitura ativa, em particular, onde um leitor crítico busca no texto elementos para a satisfação de hipóteses, exige que as interfaces digitais de acesso e manipulação de material textual permitam a expressão adequada dos processos cognitivos envolvidos no ato de leitura. Para realizar a leitura ativa, entretanto, o usuário depende de mecanismos intuitivos de anotação. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho apresenta uma proposta de métricas para a determinação da utilidade de uma taxonomia de anotações e para seu ajuste. / The use of digital tools changed the way we interact with written text. In particular, the active reading, where a critical reader searches the text for elements to satisfy her hypothesis, demands fromdigital interfaces to allowthe adequate expression of cognitive processes involved in the act of reading. To perform active reading, however, the user depends on intuitive annotation mechanisms. In this context, This work presents a proposal for metrics to determine the utility of a given annotation taxonomy and to adjust it.

A utilização de ferramentas digitais mudou a forma como interagimos com o texto escrito. A leitura ativa, em particular, onde um leitor crítico busca no texto elementos para a satisfação de hipóteses, exige que as interfaces digitais de acesso e manipulação de material textual permitam a expressão adequada dos processos cognitivos envolvidos no ato de leitura. Para realizar a leitura ativa, entretanto, o usuário depende de mecanismos intuitivos de anotação. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho apresenta uma proposta de métricas para a determinação da utilidade de uma taxonomia de anotações e para seu ajuste. / The use of digital tools changed the way we interact with written text. In particular, the active reading, where a critical reader searches the text for elements to satisfy her hypothesis, demands fromdigital interfaces to allowthe adequate expression of cognitive processes involved in the act of reading. To perform active reading, however, the user depends on intuitive annotation mechanisms. In this context, This work presents a proposal for metrics to determine the utility of a given annotation taxonomy and to adjust it.

A utilização de ferramentas digitais mudou a forma como interagimos com o texto escrito. A leitura ativa, em particular, onde um leitor crítico busca no texto elementos para a satisfação de hipóteses, exige que as interfaces digitais de acesso e manipulação de material textual permitam a expressão adequada dos processos cognitivos envolvidos no ato de leitura. Para realizar a leitura ativa, entretanto, o usuário depende de mecanismos intuitivos de anotação. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho apresenta uma proposta de métricas para a determinação da utilidade de uma taxonomia de anotações e para seu ajuste. / The use of digital tools changed the way we interact with written text. In particular, the active reading, where a critical reader searches the text for elements to satisfy her hypothesis, demands fromdigital interfaces to allowthe adequate expression of cognitive processes involved in the act of reading. To perform active reading, however, the user depends on intuitive annotation mechanisms. In this context, This work presents a proposal for metrics to determine the utility of a given annotation taxonomy and to adjust it.

Searching, accessing, reading, and storing academic literature is increasingly done with the help of digital devices. This master’s thesis presents the results of a qualitative study on researchers’ academic reading practices, including the surrounding practices of searching for and storing the literature. The aim of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of researchers' use of academic literature on paper and on screens. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten researchers within four different research areas from a university college in Norway. The theoretical framework used to discuss the results is practice theory, with the concepts materiality and affordance. Key findings are that there is not always concordance between what the researchers say they prefer and what they do, as they have a pragmatic approach. The respondents see pros and cons of both formats, and they use both, depending on the situation and what their aim is. The surrounding practices are often done digitally, while deep reading is preferred to do on paper, by the majority. The first reading of a text, which is browsing through it to see whether the text is relevant or not, is always done on screen, while most of the respondents prefer to print out articles when they are to be read thoroughly, as they value the physical properties of paper. However, the respondents of this study are more positive to screen reading than what is seen in previous research, and many of them wish to improve their skills when it comes to e-reading.Keywords: Academic reading, researchers, digital reading, reading practices,

Results in international tests that measure primary school students' reading comprehension have indicated reduced results. It has raised discussions about how Swedish school libraries can increase students' reading comprehension, reading interest and literacy. Increased understanding of this could contribute to improve Swedish students' school results. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate whether the compulsory school library can contribute to stimulate students' interest in reading and developing their literacy. The method for conducting the study was based on data collection based on documents from government investigations into the work of the Swedish school library to develop school students' interest in reading, literacy and reading comprehension. Data analysis was carried out through thematization based on a theoretical model of reading in relation to democracy, narrative imagination, and creative reading. The result showed that the school library of the primary school can stimulate students' interest in reading and reading literacy through new and varied offerings of analogue and digital books, increased staffing of trained librarians, joint activities for reading aloud, campaigns and book voting, premises and equipment that benefits varied reading, generous opening hours with increased lending, closer collaboration between school libraries and schools and a more even distribution of resources between different school libraries. One conclusion was that all school libraries need to provide more adapted service for all students, regardless of differences in linguistic background, reading interest, reading literacy and geographical location in Sweden. It is a service that libraries need to provide in an increasingly digitalised society.

O presente estudo procurará examinar a relação entre o livro e seus principais atores sociais, o leitor, o autor e o editor, no âmbito da popularização dos ereaders, através da investigação sobre as circunstâncias em que a introdução do livro digital pode afetar as estruturas de produção, circulação e apropriação da informação bibliográfica. Utilizamos, para isso, um extenso levantamento de obras e documentos sobre a história editorial e do livro no Brasil, além de referencial teórico concernente ao livro digital, editoria, práticas de leitura e direitos autorais, corroborado por dados estatísticos de mercado, sob a perspectiva de sua produção e circulação, e da penetração social da leitura e dos dispositivos. Compreendemos, como resultado, que os papéis dos agentes da cadeia produtiva do livro podem ser dinamizados através dos recursos proporcionados pelo livro e redes digitais. / This study aims to examine the relationship between the book and its main social actors, the reader, the author and the publisher, in scope of the popularization of ereaders, by research on the circumstances in which the introduction of the digital book can affect the structures of production, circulation and appropriation of biographical information. We used to do this, an extensive survey of works and documents about the story of book publishing in Brazil, as well as theoretical references for the digital book publishing, reading practices and copyright, supported by statistical data market, about the perspective of its production and circulation, and social penetration of reading and devices. We understand, as a result, that the roles of the productive circuit of the book can be streamlined by the resources provided by the book and digital networks.

The purpose of this study was to investigate distinctive factors when using digital literature against traditional textual literature as well as students' view of reading in digital form to-wards traditional written text. The theoretical starting points for learning in this study are based on the pragmatic and socio-cultural perspective. The results reported in this study have been derived from the data collection methods observation, questionnaire and a reading com-prehension test. The study is performed in four grade 3 classes. The results of this study indi-cates that the participating pupils' attitudes are more favourable to traditional reading than to reading with digital reading media. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka särskiljande faktorer vid nyttjande av digital littera-tur gentemot traditionell textad litteratur samt elever syn på läsande i digital form gentemot traditionell skriven text. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna för lärande i studien, utgår från de pragmatiska samt sociokulturella perspektiven. De resultat som redovisas i studien har utkom-mit från datainsamlingsmetoderna observation, enkät samt ett läsförståelsetest. Studien är ut-förd i fyra årskurs 3 klasser. Resultaten av denna studie pekar på att de deltagande elevernas attityder är mer gynnsamma mot traditionell läsande än mot läsning med digitalt läsmedia.