Diss. / Filmed with: Walter, K. / Emendationum in Sophoclis fabulas specimen -- Wandinger, C. / Pomponiana Graecina : Tac. Ann. XIII. 32 -- Walther, G.H. / Observationum in C. Cornelii Taciti opera conscriptarum specimen alterum -- Warren, M. / On the enclitic ne in early Latin -- Wasmansdorff, E. / Luciani scripta ea, quae ad Menippum spectant, inter se comparantur et diiudicantur -- Zellmer, W. / De lege Plautia quae fuit de vi -- Zijnen, F.B.J.S. / Specimen historico-philosophum, quo Plutarchi de nonnullis Chrysippi placitis judicium examinatur -- Waldfogl, C. / Ueber den Platonischen Dialog der Sophist oder vom Sein -- Waller, W. / Excursus criticus in P. Papinii Statii Silvas -- Wallinder, J. / De statu plebejorum Romanorum ante primam in montem sacrum secessionem quaestiones -- Wallrafen, W. / Einrichtung und kommunale Entwicklung der rm̲ischen Provinz Lusitanien -- Walther, E. / De dativi instrumentalis usu Homerico -- Walther, F. / Studien zu Tacitus und Curtius -- Widmann, H. / De Gaio Vettio Aquilino Iuvenco carminis evangelici poeta et Vergilii imitatore -- Werner, J. / Quaestiones Babrianae -- Wernicke, J.C. / De Pausaniae Periegetae studiis Herodoteis -- Wessig, H. / De aetate et auctore Philopatridis dialogi -- Wetzell, C. / De usu verbi substantivi Tacitino -- Werder, C.F. / De Platonis Parmenide -- Stamer, A. / Engkuklios paideia in dem Urteil der griechischen Philosophenschulen -- Sexauer, H. / Sprachgebrauch des Romanschriftstellers Achilles Tatius -- Stamkart, J.A. / Specimen litterarium inaugurale exhibens commentarium in Plauti Mostellarium -- Seibel, M. / Klage um Hektor im letzten Buche der Ilias -- Siegismund, A.J. / Quaestionum de metathesi Graeca particula I -- Tanzmann, J.J. / De C. Plinii Caecilii Secundi vita ingenio moribus quaestio -- Teetz, F. / Beitrg̃e zur Rhythmopoiie des Sophokles ... -- Siemering, F.O. / Quaestionum Lucretianarum particula I et II -- Thedinga, F. / De Numenio philosopho Platonico -- Theissen, W. / De Sallustii, Livii, Taciti digressionibus -- Schemann, L. / De legionum per alterum bellum Punicum historia quae investigari posse videantur -- Olsen, W. / Quaestionum Plautinarum de verbo substantivo specimen -- Partsch, J.F.M. / Darstellung Europa's in dem geographischen Werke des Agrippa. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. / Includes bibliographical references.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker de olika sätt på vilka romarna beskrivs behandla sina fiender under den tidiga Romerska republiken (509–290 f.Kr). Med avstamp i Edward Saids post-koloniala teori om framställningen av den Andre, och Erich Gruens arbete om representation under antiken, analyseras beskrivningar av de öden Roms många fiender led som står att återfinnas i Livius, Diodorus Siculus, och Dionysios från Halikarnassos historiska verk om den unga Romerska republiken. I enlighet med uppsatsens hermeneutiska metod är analysen uppdelad i två delar, vilka behandlar uppror och krig mot utländska stater, respektive. De exempel som går att återfinna i källmaterialet förstås också som delar i en helhet, och de undersöks dels i sin egna kontext och jämförs med andra exempel i det stora sammanhanget. De romerska segrarna analyseras för att se hur källorna beskriver de erövrades öden, både materiellt och rent kroppsligt, och uppsatsen undersöker hur dessa framställs, och om källmaterialet representerar olika etniska gruppers behandling på olika sätt.Undersökningen visar att källorna, varken för sig själva eller sedda som en helhet, inte framställer det som att romarna hade tydliga och konsekventa riktlinjer för hur besegrade folk behandlades, men att vissa mönster ändå kan urskönjas, särskilt när det kommer till hur folkgrupper som gjorde uppror mot om behandlades. Olika folkslags etniska härkomst framställs inte som avgörande för hur de behandlades av Rom, trots källornas stundtals nedsättande kommenterar om sådana folkslag. Undersökningen visar att latinare, efter större uppror, kunde visas viss barmhärtighet, men källorna beskriver även hur latinska städer vid tillfällen utplånades tillsammans med deras befolkning av romarna, och även hur andra folkslag kunde skonas, och det blir tydligt att källmaterialets representation inte framställer någon etnicitet, vare sig besläktad med romarna själva eller helt avlägsen, som en garant mot romersk brutalitet.

Ce travail consiste en un commentaire ad locum, à caractère à la fois historique et historiographique, de la première moitié du livre XXXI de la Bibliothèque Historique de Diodore de Sicile, parvenu jusqu’à nous de façon fragmentaire. L’analyse recouvre 34 fragments, correspondant aux chapitres 1-17b de l’édition Loeb de F.R. Walton et issus du récit annalistique de la première olympiade successive à la bataille de Pydna (168/7-165/4 av. J.-C. = Ol. 153). Le choix du sujet se dessine dans le cadre d’un renouvellement général d’intérêt pour les deux dernières décades fragmentaires de l’œuvre diodoréenne, et pour les livres proprement ‘romains’ en particulier (XXIII-XL). Leur étude semble aujourd’hui centrale pour une meilleure appréciation de la personnalité de l’historien d’Agyrion, du fait de la proximité de l’époque de l’auteur aux événements relatés et de l’importance réservée aux deux cents dernières années d’histoire romaine dans l’économie globale de l’œuvre. La double perspective adoptée vise aussi bien à centrer la question de l’interprétation que l’historien sikéliote donne aux faits narrés qu’à envisager de manière novatrice les enjeux caractérisant la phase historique considérée, à la lumière des apports et des sollicitations de la recherche scientifique la plus récente. A côté de l’intérêt porté à l’écriture de Diodore – ici considérée en particulier du point de vue de son rapport avec la tradition polybienne –, une place privilégiée est ainsi accordée à la réflexion sur les causes et les procédés de l’expansion romaine en Orient, à un moment clé pour la redéfinition des équilibres de pouvoir entre l’Urbs et le monde gréco-hellénistique. / This work consists in an ad locum commentary, both historical and historiographical, on the first half part of the XXXI book of Diodorus Siculus’ Historical Library, that has reached us in fragments. This analysis is about the 34 fragments corresponding to the chapters 1-17b of F.R. Walton’s Loeb edition and to the remaining annalistic narration of the first Olympiad following the battle of Pydna (168/7-165/4BC = Ol. 153). The choice of the subject fits within a new general interest for the two last fragmentary decades of the Historical Library, and particularly for the so called ‘Roman’ books (XXIII-XL). A study of this section of Diodorus’ Bibliotheke seems nowadays essential for a better appraisal of the personality of the historian of Agyrion: this is because of the proximity of the author’s time to the events related and because of the great importance of the two last centuries of Roman history into the global economy of his work. The double perspective adopted aims to point out the historian’s interpretation of the facts narrated, but also to reconsider in an innovative way the problems characterizing the period analyzed, specially under the new light offered by the most recent contributions of the scientific research. Therefore, a privileged place is granted to the reflection on the causes and the procedures of the Roman expansion in the East, in a key-moment for the redefinition of the balance of power between the Urbs and the Greco-Hellenistic world, together with a particular attention to Diodorus’ writing, here considered in its relation with the Polybian tradition.

Diodoro de Sicília historiador que viveu no século I antes da época comum escreveu uma obra intitulada Biblioteca Histórica constituída de quarenta volumes dos quais restaram integrais apenas dos livros I ao V (fragmentos dos livros VI ao X), e dos livros XI ao XX (fragmentos dos livros XXI ao XL). O autor escreveu em sua monumental obra a história universal desde os primórdios (incluindo história egípcia, história dos povos bárbaros, história grega e romana) até à sua própria época (última data citada por Diodoro diz respeito à colonização de Tauromênion, empreendida no reinado de Otávio [XVI, VII, 1]). Entretanto, Diodoro nunca foi considerado, nem em sua própria época, nem em épocas posteriores, um historiador original: sua obra foi considerada uma cópia incessante de outros autores. O centro da controvérsia nos tempos modernos (a partir do século XIX) foi a Quellerforschung (pesquisa das fontes) que intentou buscar no texto diodoriano autores perdidos (que ele cita explicitamente em sua Biblioteca) da época helenística como se o mesmo apenas os tivesse copiado. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo resgatar a originalidade da Biblioteca Histórica buscando conferir a seu autor a autoria de seus escritos. Longe de ser um mero copista, Diodoro é um historiador-educador que busca instruir seus leitores dando um caráter de utilidade no aprendizado de uma vida correta e justa. Pode-se dividir a Biblioteca em duas partes: a primeira (livros I ao V), de cunho etnográfico-geográfico, narra como os homens foram capazes de caminhar rumo à vida civilizada (ou não, no caso dos bárbaros). A recorrência dos termos parádoxa e thaumázein significando espanto, admiração e maravilhamento mostram como a humanidade foi capaz de superar as dificuldades de uma existência difícil e hostil tornando-se capaz de viver em sociedade. A segunda parte (livros XI ao XX) da Biblioteca, Diodoro dedica-se a narrar a história do mundo (especialmente a da Grécia) mostrando o exemplo dos grandes homens, sobretudo nos campos de batalha. Parádoxa deixa de significar maravilha ou espanto e, aliada à Fortuna (tých), ganha o sentido de contrário a toda expectativa. Assim, Diodoro mostra que a Divina Providência (theia pronoía) interfere nos assuntos humanos e cabe ao historiador mostrar como os grandes homens se comportaram diante dos sucessos / Diodorus Siculus a historian that lived in the first century before the Common Era wrote a work entitled Library of History constituted of forty volumes from which remained intact only the books I through V (fragments of the books VI through X), and from the books XI through XX (fragments of the books XXI through XL). The author wrote in this monumental work of universal history since the primordial times (including egyptian history, barbaric peoples history, greek and roman history) through his own (last date mentioned by Diodorus concerns the Tauromenion colonization that took place during the reign of Octavian [XVI, VII, 1]). However, Diodorus has never been considered, not even on his own time, nor in the eras after that, an original historian: His writings were considered an inexorable copy of others authors. The focus of this controversy in modern times (starting in the XIX century) was the Quelleforschung (sources research) that intended to search on the diodorian texts for lost authors (that he explicitly quotes in his Library) from the Hellenistic era as if they were solely copied. This research had for objective to reclaim the originality of the Library of History seeking to confer to its author the authorship of his writings. Far from being a mere copyist, Diodorus is a historian-educator that seeks to instruct his readers giving a utility character in the learning of a correct and just life. The Library can be divided in two parts: the first one (books I to V), of ethnographicgeographical connotation, narrates how humankind was able to walk towards civilization (or not, in the case of the barbarians). The recurrent terms parádoxa and thaumázein meaning amazement, admiration and marvelous-ment, show how humanity was capable of overcoming the difficulties of a hostile existence and becoming apt to live in society. The second part (books XI to XX) of the Library, Diodorus dedicates into narrating the history of the world (specially Greece), by setting the example of great men, especially in the battle field. Parádoxa does not signify marvelous or amazed and, allied to Fortune (tých), it gains the meaning of contrary to all expectations. Hence, Diodorus shows that the Divine Providence (theia pronoía) interfere in human business and its up to the historian demonstrate how the great men behaved facing the success and failures of existence. The moralizing character from the Library attributes to history an extremely important role, for it is up to it demonstrate who deserves to figurate in glory or abasement through the perennially that only history can confer. Diodorus behaves as a judge that points out those who, in their acts, have succeeded and made mistakes, not only narrating the facts, but incentivizing his reader to a virtuous behavior and to a moral aret.

Diodoro de Sicília historiador que viveu no século I antes da época comum escreveu uma obra intitulada Biblioteca Histórica constituída de quarenta volumes dos quais restaram integrais apenas dos livros I ao V (fragmentos dos livros VI ao X), e dos livros XI ao XX (fragmentos dos livros XXI ao XL). O autor escreveu em sua monumental obra a história universal desde os primórdios (incluindo história egípcia, história dos povos bárbaros, história grega e romana) até à sua própria época (última data citada por Diodoro diz respeito à colonização de Tauromênion, empreendida no reinado de Otávio [XVI, VII, 1]). Entretanto, Diodoro nunca foi considerado, nem em sua própria época, nem em épocas posteriores, um historiador original: sua obra foi considerada uma cópia incessante de outros autores. O centro da controvérsia nos tempos modernos (a partir do século XIX) foi a Quellerforschung (pesquisa das fontes) que intentou buscar no texto diodoriano autores perdidos (que ele cita explicitamente em sua Biblioteca) da época helenística como se o mesmo apenas os tivesse copiado. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo resgatar a originalidade da Biblioteca Histórica buscando conferir a seu autor a autoria de seus escritos. Longe de ser um mero copista, Diodoro é um historiador-educador que busca instruir seus leitores dando um caráter de utilidade no aprendizado de uma vida correta e justa. Pode-se dividir a Biblioteca em duas partes: a primeira (livros I ao V), de cunho etnográfico-geográfico, narra como os homens foram capazes de caminhar rumo à vida civilizada (ou não, no caso dos bárbaros). A recorrência dos termos parádoxa e thaumázein significando espanto, admiração e maravilhamento mostram como a humanidade foi capaz de superar as dificuldades de uma existência difícil e hostil tornando-se capaz de viver em sociedade. A segunda parte (livros XI ao XX) da Biblioteca, Diodoro dedica-se a narrar a história do mundo (especialmente a da Grécia) mostrando o exemplo dos grandes homens, sobretudo nos campos de batalha. Parádoxa deixa de significar maravilha ou espanto e, aliada à Fortuna (tých), ganha o sentido de contrário a toda expectativa. Assim, Diodoro mostra que a Divina Providência (theia pronoía) interfere nos assuntos humanos e cabe ao historiador mostrar como os grandes homens se comportaram diante dos sucessos / Diodorus Siculus a historian that lived in the first century before the Common Era wrote a work entitled Library of History constituted of forty volumes from which remained intact only the books I through V (fragments of the books VI through X), and from the books XI through XX (fragments of the books XXI through XL). The author wrote in this monumental work of universal history since the primordial times (including egyptian history, barbaric peoples history, greek and roman history) through his own (last date mentioned by Diodorus concerns the Tauromenion colonization that took place during the reign of Octavian [XVI, VII, 1]). However, Diodorus has never been considered, not even on his own time, nor in the eras after that, an original historian: His writings were considered an inexorable copy of others authors. The focus of this controversy in modern times (starting in the XIX century) was the Quelleforschung (sources research) that intended to search on the diodorian texts for lost authors (that he explicitly quotes in his Library) from the Hellenistic era as if they were solely copied. This research had for objective to reclaim the originality of the Library of History seeking to confer to its author the authorship of his writings. Far from being a mere copyist, Diodorus is a historian-educator that seeks to instruct his readers giving a utility character in the learning of a correct and just life. The Library can be divided in two parts: the first one (books I to V), of ethnographicgeographical connotation, narrates how humankind was able to walk towards civilization (or not, in the case of the barbarians). The recurrent terms parádoxa and thaumázein meaning amazement, admiration and marvelous-ment, show how humanity was capable of overcoming the difficulties of a hostile existence and becoming apt to live in society. The second part (books XI to XX) of the Library, Diodorus dedicates into narrating the history of the world (specially Greece), by setting the example of great men, especially in the battle field. Parádoxa does not signify marvelous or amazed and, allied to Fortune (tých), it gains the meaning of contrary to all expectations. Hence, Diodorus shows that the Divine Providence (theia pronoía) interfere in human business and its up to the historian demonstrate how the great men behaved facing the success and failures of existence. The moralizing character from the Library attributes to history an extremely important role, for it is up to it demonstrate who deserves to figurate in glory or abasement through the perennially that only history can confer. Diodorus behaves as a judge that points out those who, in their acts, have succeeded and made mistakes, not only narrating the facts, but incentivizing his reader to a virtuous behavior and to a moral aret.

This thesis explores Hellenistic and imperial Greek texts that represent or discuss the river Nile. The thesis makes an original contribution to scholarship by examining such texts in he light of the history of Greek discourse about the Nile and in the context of social, political and cultural changes, and takes account of relevant ancient Egyptian texts. I begin with an introduction that provides a survey of earlier scholarship about the Nile in Greek literature, before identifying three themes central to the thesis: the relationship between Greek and Egyptian texts, the tension between rationalism and divinity, and the interplay between power and literature. I then highlight both the cultural significance of rivers in classical Greek culture, and the polyvalence of the river Nile and its inundation in ancient Egyptian religion and literature. Chapter 1 examines the significance of Diodorus Siculus' representation of the Nile at the beginning of his universal history; it argues that the river's prominence constructs Egypt as a primeval landscape that allows the historian access to the distant past. The Nile is also seen to be useful to the historian as a conceptual parallel for his historiographical project. Whereas Diodorus begins his universal history with the Nile, Strabo closes his universal geography with Egypt; the second chapter demonstrates how Strabo incorporates the Nile into his vision of the new Roman world. Chapter 3 presents a diachronic study of Greek discourse concerning the two major Nilotic problems, the cause of the annual inundation and the location of the sources. It examines first the construction of the debates, and second the transformation of that tradition in Aelius Aristides' Egyptian Oration. The functions of the Nile in Greek praise-poetry are the subject of chapter 4; it is shown that the Nile and its benefactions are used by poets to lay claim to political, religious or cultural authority, and to situate Egypt within an expanding oikoumene. The fifth and final chapter turns to Greek narrative fictions from the imperial period. The chapter demonstrates that the Nile is more familiar than exotic in these texts. It is shown that Xenophon of Ephesus and Achilles Tatius play with the trope of 'novelty' in this very familiar literary landscape, while Heliodorus articulates a more profound disruption of the expected Egyptian tropes, and ultimately replaces Egypt with Ethiopia as a new Nilotic environment.

No description available.

This thesis investigates how understandings of history in diverse texts of the Graeco-Roman period illuminate Lukan eschatology. Two strands of Lukan scholarship have contributed to an enduring tendency to underestimate the centrality of eschatology to Luke/Acts. Hans Conzelmann's thesis, that Luke focused on history rather than eschatology as a response to the parousia's delay, has dominated Lukan scholarship since the mid-twentieth century, with concomitant assumptions about Luke's politics and understanding of suffering. Recent Lukan scholarship has centred instead on genre and rhetoric, examining Luke/Acts predominantly in relation to ancient texts deemed the same genre while overlooking themes (including those of an eschatological character) that these texts do not share. This thesis offers a fresh approach. It illuminates the inherent connections between Luke's understanding of history and its end, and demonstrates significant ways in which Luke's eschatological consciousness shapes key themes of his account. By extending comparisons to a wider range of texts, this study overcomes two clear methodological shortfalls in current research: limiting comparisons of key themes to texts of similar genre, and separating non-Jewish from Jewish texts. Having established the need for a new examination of Luke's eschatology in Chapter 1, in Chapter 2 I set out the study's method of comparing diverse texts on themes that cut across genres. Chapters 3 to 6 then consider each key text and Luke/Acts in relation to a different aspect of their writers' conceptions of history: the direction and shape of history; determinism and divine guidance; human culpability and freedom; and the present and the end of history. The analysis shows that in every aspect of history examined, Luke/Acts shares significant features of the texts with which, because they do not share its genre, it is not normally compared. Setting Luke/Acts in conversation with a broader range of texts highlights Luke's periodised, teleological view of history and provides a nuanced picture of Luke's understanding of divine and human agency, all of which is affected in fundamental ways by his portrayal of the present time already within the final period of history. As a result, this study not only clarifies Lukan eschatology, but reaffirms the importance of eschatology for Lukan politics and theodicy.