O estudo se propõe a investigar as particularidades e especificidades dos mecanismos de governança global dos influxos investimentos diretos externos (IDE). Se, por um lado, não existe atualmente (à exemplo do comércio internacional) uma grande organização multilateral que garanta a governança dos influxos na relação entre os países (e, especialmente, entre entes estatais e particulares); por outro, prevalece a bilateralidade como esfera máxima da supranacionalidade para a regulação dos IDEs. Como especificidade dos IDEs, é característica a instalação do capital produtivo estrangeiro em um território nacional e a consequente sujeição à soberania de um ente estatal. Assim, configura-se, então, um modelo de governança sui generis em que coexistem uma governança com governo (no plano nacional) e uma governança sem governo (no plano supranacional). A principal hipótese de pesquisa é que as instituições nacionais e instituições supranacionais conjugam-se em uma relação de complementariedade e interação para configurar a estrutura da governança global dos influxos de IDEs. Para os testes empíricos, são estimados modelos interativos através de métodos econométricos longitudinais. Ao fim, conclui-se, com base em evidências robustas, que esse parece ser o mecanismo que configura essa peculiar forma de governança. / This research aims to investigate particularities and specificities of the global governance of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. If, on the one hand, a large multilateral organization, does not currently exist for FDIs (such as the existence of the WTO for international trade); on the other hand, bilateralism prevails as the ultimate sphere of supranationality for the regulation of FDIs in the international arena. As a particularity of FDIs, foreign productive capital typically crosses over into a national territory and thus foreign investors must undergo the sovereign power of such state entity and abide by its decisions. Therefore, a sui generis model of global governance emerges in which there coexists a governance with government (at the national level) and a governance without government (at the supranational level). The main research hypothesis is that national and supranational institutions conjugate themselves in an intricate relationship of complementarity and interaction in order to configure such global governance structure of FDI inflows. For the empirical tests, interactive models are estimated through longitudinal econometric methods. Finally, based upon robust evidence, it is concluded that this seems to be the mechanism that engenders this peculiar form of governance.

Les entrepreneurs n’ont pas manqué de soulever l’importance et la nécessité d’une structure européenne flexible pour répondre aux besoins des PME. En effet l'introduction d'une société à conception contractuelle dans le droit européen revêt de multiples intérêts. D'une part, elle intègre les PME dans la continuité du processus de construction du marché intérieur. D’autre part, elle offre une liberté d’action appréciée par les entrepreneurs qui évoluent dans un marché fortement concurrentiel. Enfin, le caractère contractuel permet au législateur européen de revenir sur la définition des libertés d'établissement et de circulation des capitaux.Aussi encourageant que soit ce projet, il n'en demeure pas moins source d'interrogations et d'inquiétudes. La liberté contractuelle comporte des risques si elle n'évolue pas dans un cadre juridique adapté et protecteur. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’analyser les effets de la transposition de la liberté contractuelle dans le droit européen des sociétés. Pour comprendre la portée de l’adoption du texte relatif à la SPE, cette thèse tentera de définir la liberté contractuelle au sens communautaire, de souligner ses avantages et d’analyser ses inconvénients. / Entrepreneurs consider flexible structures are important to meet European SMES needs. Indeed, the transposition of a contractual company in the European law are very valuable. On the one hand, it includes SMES in the process of construction of internal market. On the other hand, it offers to entrepreneurs a freedom to manage their companies in order to be more competitive. Finally the contractual aspect of the company allows the European parliament to reconsider the definition of freedom of establishment and free movement of capital. As encouraging as this project is, it remains a source of questions and concerns. Contractual freedom could involve risks if it doesn’t evolve in a suitable protective legal framework. This thesis aims to analyze the effects of the transposition of contractual freedom in the European company law. To understand the scope of the adoption of the text relating to the SPE, this thesis will try to define the contractual freedom in EU terms, to emphasize its advantages and disadvantages analyzed

The master thesis emphasizes the economic relations between China and the United States. It gives an overview and theoretical background support on the significance of contemporary the economic relations between countries in today`s globalized era. Secondly, it analyzes how the theoretical background of economic and trade relations affect the empirical case study of the economic relations between China and the USA. The goal is to show how the economic and trade relations between China and the United States influence each other`s economies and what is the effect of such relations on the economic performance of both countries. More precisely, in order to answer the question above, the master thesis deals with complex analysis in regard of historical perspective concerning the economic relations between these countries, their ongoing cooperation in terms of balance of payments, the current and potential issues what both countries face and the existing challenges for the future. In order to complete the analysis and answer the research question, list of various sources will be used, starting from academic journals, books, literature reviews, reports from the World Trade Organization (hereafter WTO), reports from the respective countries on their economic progress, data available from the ministries of trade of respective countries and other sources related to the analysis of the contemporary economic and trade relations between the countries participating in the global economy.

The diploma thesis analyzes the business partnership between Hong Kong and European Union, with a particular focus on the importance of business activities between the Czech Republic and Hong Kong through statistical analysis of exports, imports and foreign direct investments. The thesis includes a questionnaire survey of Czech entrepreneurs trading with Hong Kong to assess the advantages and disadvantages of Hong Kong as a trading partner of European Union and the Czech Republic, the role of Hong Kong and European institutions and organizations supporting mutual development of business activities and highlight the opportunities for development of mutual not only trade relations to the future.

The significant role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the international political economy necessitates innovative ways to study their activities and relationships with states. This study, therefore, analyses the foreign policy of the South African government in Africa during President Thabo Mbeki’s administration – 1999 to 2008 – juxtaposed with the corporate diplomatic strategies of selected retail MNCs. The MNCs – Shoprite Holdings Limited, Massmart Holdings Limited, Woolworths Holdings Limited and Pick n Pay Holdings Limited – are treated as actors. The study uncovers the nature and extent of coalescences and divergences of strategies between the government and the MNCs. It also finds divergences between government’s policy pronouncements and interests. For example, the government’s plan to craft a code of good business practice is found to be in conflicts with its support for multilateralism. The study lays the basis for a new model to study diplomatic strategies of firms and governments. / Political Sciences / M.A. (International Politics)

In the first paper, the effects of trade openness and conflict risk on income inequality are investigated. I obtain that the effect of trade openness on inequality depends on the level of conflict risk. More precisely, there exists a threshold effect: trade openness worsens income inequality in countries where the risk of internal and external conflicts is high. Moreover, I find that countries with higher risk of conflicts are more unequal, and that more ethnically diverse countries increase income inequality. Finally, I obtain that democratic regimes decrease inequality. In the second paper, we analyze the general-equilibrium consequences of property right enforcement in the natural resource sector. Assuming that exclusion requires both private and public enforcement efforts, we compare states that differ by their ability to provide protection services. This ability is referred to as state capacity. We obtain that public protection services can effectively act as either substitutes or complements to private enforcement, and this strongly depends on state capacity. Under low state capacity, an increase in state protection services leads to a drop in national income as labor is drawn away from the directly productive activities. The opposite holds for high-capacity states. As a result, public protection services have an ambiguous effect on national income even though they can unambiguously increase resource rents. In the third paper, we argue that the right to hold dual citizenship can generate important social and economic benefits beyond its political dimension. We assemble a large panel dataset on dual citizenship. We find that in developing countries, dual citizenship recognition increases remittance inflows by US$1.19 billion, GDP and household consumption, and improves child survival. In developed countries, however, dual citizenship recognition decreases remittance inflows by US$1.44 billion, but increases FDI by US$828 billion, raises household consumption, gross capital formation and trade, and provides incentives for skilled workers to move to other countries.

Les enjeux présentés par la puissance financière des fonds souverains et les réactions politiques des pays d’accueil appellent naturellement à s’interroger sur la façon dont la fiscalité appréhende ces questions. La réponse nécessite de se placer tant sur le plan du droit interne français que sur celui de la fiscalité internationale. La présente étude procède à une analyse comparée de la fiscalité directe applicable aux fonds souverains en France et aux Etats-Unis. Cette analyse se poursuit à travers l’examen de conventions fiscales conclues par la France mais aussi par des Etats étrangers détenteurs de fonds souverains. La question de l’application des conventions fiscales aux fonds souverains est évoquée à travers l’exposé des modèles de conventions fiscales de l’OCDE et des Etats-Unis. Le statut fiscal des fonds souverains est confronté à celui des apporteurs de capitaux privés au regard de la distorsion de concurrence fiscale entre investisseurs. En l’absence de dispositions législatives précises, de doctrine administrative et de jurisprudence, ces travaux sont principalement fondés sur une interprétation des faits et du droit positif. Les solutions proposées tentent de remédier aux problématiques ainsi dégagées. / The growing number of investments made by sovereign wealth funds and the reactions of host countries has raised questions regarding the tax treatment of those public financial entities. Answering these questions implies to analyze the tax legislation on both a national and international level. In this respect this paper compares the direct taxation of sovereign wealth funds investments in France and in the United States. It is then followed by an analysis of some tax treaties signed by France as well as tax treaties signed by countries owning sovereign wealth funds. Questions related to the application of tax treaties to sovereign wealth funds are examined through the presentation of the OECD model tax convention and the United States income model tax convention. We then compare the tax status of sovereign wealth funds and private investors regarding tax competition and portfolio choices. We will see through the lack of tax regulations, guidance and the absence of court decision that this study is mainly based on an interpretation of the facts and the law as a consequence. The solutions provided in this paper aim at clarifying the issues we have identified. Hopefully this will raise further interrogations and will be followed by other studies.

The significant role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the international political economy necessitates innovative ways to study their activities and relationships with states. This study, therefore, analyses the foreign policy of the South African government in Africa during President Thabo Mbeki’s administration – 1999 to 2008 juxtaposed with the corporate diplomatic strategies of selected retail MNCs. The MNCs – Shoprite Holdings Limited, Massmart Holdings Limited, Woolworths Holdings Limited and Pick n Pay Holdings Limited – are treated as actors. The study uncovers the nature and extent of coalescences and divergences of strategies between the government and the MNCs. It also finds divergences between government’s policy pronouncements and interests. For example, the government’s plan to craft a code of good business practice is found to be in conflicts with its support for multilateralism. The study lays the basis for a new model to study diplomatic strategies of firms and governments. / Political Sciences / M. A. (International Politics)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Francisco Americo Cassano.pdf: 664441 bytes, checksum: 52de16385ba8b8f86aeb75c060d8e215 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-26 / This study aims to understand the effects that Brazilian external politics exerts on foreign capital flow into the country in the respective periods of government, starting in1947. The subject is justified by the existence of a large volume of resources available in the international financial market and by the rapid adaptation of the poorer countries to the regulations defined by the investors. A theoretical reference was made to allow the hypothesis confirmation that an aligned external politics with the developed countries is fundamental to an increase of the foreign direct investments in Brazil. To verify scientifically this hypothesis, a search in two parts was done: a survey of documents about the Brazilian external politics definition with the respective content analysis, and, a quantitative analysis for the confirmation of qualitative analysis. The results obtained allowed to confirm the hypothesis that the alignment with developed countries, with the increase of direct investments, was be fundamental for Brazil s development in the studied period. Besides, it was possible to conclude that such investments interfere in the national PIB, according the constructo defined in the study. These conclusions allow suggesting to the Brazilian external policy makers not to despise the alignment with developed countries, for a most favorable capitation of external resources / Este estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender os efeitos que a política externa brasileira exerce sobre o fluxo de capitais externos no país em cada período de governo, a partir de 1947. O tema se justifica pela existência de intenso volume de recursos disponíveis no mercado financeiro internacional e pela rápida adaptação dos países carentes de recursos às regras definidas por tais investidores. Foi construído um referencial teórico, a fim de permitir a confirmação da hipótese de que uma política externa alinhada aos países desenvolvidos é fundamental ao incremento dos investimentos estrangeiros diretos no Brasil. Para se constatar cientificamente essa hipótese, foi elaborada uma metodologia de pesquisa dividida em duas etapas: levantamento de documentos relacionados com a definição da política externa brasileira no período, com a análise de conteúdo dos mesmos, e, uma análise quantitativa, para ratificação da análise qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos permitiram confirmar a hipótese de que o alinhamento aos países desenvolvidos, com incremento dos investimentos diretos, foi fundamental para o desenvolvimento do Brasil em todo o período estudado. Além disso, foi possível concluir-se que tais investimentos interferem no comportamento do PIB nacional, conforme constructo definido no estudo. Estas conclusões permitiram sugerir-se aos formuladores da política externa brasileira que não desprezem o alinhamento aos países desenvolvidos, para uma captação mais favorável de recursos externos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Francisco Americo Cassano.pdf: 664441 bytes, checksum: 52de16385ba8b8f86aeb75c060d8e215 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-26 / This study aims to understand the effects that Brazilian external politics exerts on foreign capital flow into the country in the respective periods of government, starting in1947. The subject is justified by the existence of a large volume of resources available in the international financial market and by the rapid adaptation of the poorer countries to the regulations defined by the investors. A theoretical reference was made to allow the hypothesis confirmation that an aligned external politics with the developed countries is fundamental to an increase of the foreign direct investments in Brazil. To verify scientifically this hypothesis, a search in two parts was done: a survey of documents about the Brazilian external politics definition with the respective content analysis, and, a quantitative analysis for the confirmation of qualitative analysis. The results obtained allowed to confirm the hypothesis that the alignment with developed countries, with the increase of direct investments, was be fundamental for Brazil s development in the studied period. Besides, it was possible to conclude that such investments interfere in the national PIB, according the constructo defined in the study. These conclusions allow suggesting to the Brazilian external policy makers not to despise the alignment with developed countries, for a most favorable capitation of external resources / Este estudo tem como objetivo geral compreender os efeitos que a política externa brasileira exerce sobre o fluxo de capitais externos no país em cada período de governo, a partir de 1947. O tema se justifica pela existência de intenso volume de recursos disponíveis no mercado financeiro internacional e pela rápida adaptação dos países carentes de recursos às regras definidas por tais investidores. Foi construído um referencial teórico, a fim de permitir a confirmação da hipótese de que uma política externa alinhada aos países desenvolvidos é fundamental ao incremento dos investimentos estrangeiros diretos no Brasil. Para se constatar cientificamente essa hipótese, foi elaborada uma metodologia de pesquisa dividida em duas etapas: levantamento de documentos relacionados com a definição da política externa brasileira no período, com a análise de conteúdo dos mesmos, e, uma análise quantitativa, para ratificação da análise qualitativa. Os resultados obtidos permitiram confirmar a hipótese de que o alinhamento aos países desenvolvidos, com incremento dos investimentos diretos, foi fundamental para o desenvolvimento do Brasil em todo o período estudado. Além disso, foi possível concluir-se que tais investimentos interferem no comportamento do PIB nacional, conforme constructo definido no estudo. Estas conclusões permitiram sugerir-se aos formuladores da política externa brasileira que não desprezem o alinhamento aos países desenvolvidos, para uma captação mais favorável de recursos externos