A large number of natural disasters affects hundreds of thousands of people each year in their housing around the world. Therefore, there is a call to find more appropriate strategies for housing reconstruction following a disaster. This study aims to reduce the construction time and cost of housing affected by such disasters. The academic literature on the 3 Dimensional Lightweight Panels construction system (3D-LPs), Building Information Modelling system (BIM) and experiences gained in post-disaster housing reconstruction strengthens the argument that here is an opportunity to contribute to solve the housing reconstruction problem. The study points out that the combination of these systems and community participation presents an option to produce both affordable and sustainable housing in the shortest time on a large scale by the affected people after overcoming the emergence phase of a disaster. A holistic philosophy was used to study the housing reconstruction problem as a whole to understand all parts of the problem and three research questions were set up to explore the possible solution to this problem. The research strategy to address the problem was based on a survey of worldwide experts, interviewing a forum of lightweight concrete panel manufacturers and the modelling of a basic housing prototype in BIM. Research question (1) How can displaced people use their own labour to save money and time? and research question (2) How does the 3D-LPs construction system contribute to housing recovery after natural disasters? Research questions (1) and (2) were answered by 17 open-ended questions conducted with 22 housing experts from 11 countries and 7 semi-structured interviews composed of 14 questions with 7 manufacturers of construction materials respectively which collected rich qualitative data (15,419 words) that were analysed in Nvivo 10 through pattern matching and validated by triangulation techniques to give reliability to the study. The housing prototype modelling was used to answer the research question (3) Can the BIM model show the cost-benefit in building housing with the 3D-LPs construction system and displaced people's own labour?The main findings of this study are that a housing prototype built with 3D-LPs is 36.82% cheaper in comparison to houses built with bricks and reinforcement elements and could be built by unskilled people in 90 days. The study provides novel in-depth knowledge of how unskilled people from communities affected should participate in housing reconstruction and how new construction systems can be implemented after disasters, which contributes to the body of knowledge. In addition, the study provides guidelines to implement a system directed at unskilled people and also Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in a novel way, to help to solve the housing reconstruction problem and engage the displaced people in the housing reconstruction.

Natural disasters have previously been found to have a positive effect on fertility due to incentives to use births to replace children lost and insure against increased risk. Using a simple demand framework for children, this paper contributes to the literature by re-examining this interaction under a new set of methodological conditions through the inclusion of a wider spectrum of cases than often used in previous works. OLS fixed effects regressions are performed using data from Indonesia and no support for the hypothesis is found. The findings are robust and contrast with former research. To provide nuance and insight to the results, the wanted total fertility rate and the prevalence of contraceptive use are utilised as alternative dependent variables.

O mapeamento de áreas com predisposição à ocorrência de eventos adversos, que resultam em ameaça e danos a sociedade, é uma demanda de elevada importância, principalmente pelo papel que exerce em ações de planejamento, gestão ambiental, territorial e de riscos. Diante disso, este trabalho busca contribuir na qualificação de metodologias e parâmetros morfométricos para mapeamento de suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa através de SIG e Sensoriamento Remoto, um dos objetivos é aplicar e comparar metodologias de suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa, entre elas o Shalstab, e a Árvore de Decisão que ainda é pouco utilizada nessa área. Buscando um consenso acerca da literatura, fez-se necessário organizar as informações referentes aos eventos adversos através de classificação, para isso foram revisados os conceitos relacionados com desastres, tais como suscetibilidade, vulnerabilidade, perigo e risco. Também foi realizado um estudo no município de Três Coroas – RS, onde foram relacionadas as ocorrências de movimentos de massa e as zonas de risco da CPRM. A partir de parâmetros morfométricos, foram identificados padrões de ocorrência de deslizamentos, e a contribuição de fatores como uso, ocupação e declividade. Por fim, foram comparados dois métodos de mapeamento de suscetibilidade, o modelo Shalstab e a Árvore de Decisão. Como dado de entrada dos modelos foram utilizados parâmetros morfométricos, extraídos de imagens SRTM, e amostras de deslizamentos, identificadas por meio de imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial. A comparação das metodologias e a análise da acurácia obteve uma resposta melhor para a Árvore de Decisão. A diferença, entretanto, foi pouco significativa e ambos podem representar de forma satisfatória o mapa de suscetibilidade. No entanto, o Shalstab apresentou mais limitações, devido à necessidade de dados de maior resolução espacial. A aplicação de metodologias utilizando SIG e Sensoriamento Remoto contribuíram com uma maior qualificação em relação à prevenção de danos ocasionados por movimentos de massa. Ressalta-se, entretanto, a necessidade de inventários consistentes, para obter uma maior confiabilidade na aplicação dos modelos. / The mapping of areas with predisposition to adverse events, which result in threat and damage to society, is a demand of great importance, mainly for the role it plays in planning, environmental, territorial and risk management actions. Therefore, this work seeks to contribute to the qualification of methodologies and morphometric parameters for mapping susceptibility to mass movements through GIS and Remote Sensing, one of the objectives is to apply and compare methodologies of susceptibility to mass movements, among them Shalstab, and the Decision Tree that is still little used in this area. Seeking a consensus about the literature, it was necessary to organize the information regarding the adverse events through classification, for this the concepts related to disasters such as susceptibility, vulnerability, danger and risk were reviewed. A study was also carried out in the city of Três Coroas - RS, where the occurrence of mass movements and the risk zones of CPRM were related. From morphometric parameters, patterns of occurrence of landslides were identified, and the contribution of factors such as use, occupation and declivity. Finally, two methods of susceptibility mapping, the Shalstab model and the Decision Tree, were compared. Morphometric parameters, extracted from SRTM images, and sliding samples, identified by means of high spatial resolution satellite images, were used as input data. The comparison of the methodologies and the analysis of the accuracy obtained a better answer for the Decision Tree. The difference, however, was insignificant and both can represent satisfactorily the map of susceptibility. However, Shalstab presented more limitations due to the need for higher spatial resolution data. The application of methodologies using GIS and Remote Sensing contributed with a higher qualification in relation to the prevention of damages caused by mass movements. However, the need for consistent inventories to obtain greater reliability in the application of the models is emphasized.

Current trends have seen a rise in the frequency and severity of disasters on a global scale, with disasters in recent years having some of the most devastating impacts ever seen on the societies they affect. As a result, there are increasing pressures on the Formal Humanitarian Sector (FHS) and their resources, resulting in a growing need to examine the logistical processes essential to humanitarian operations. Existing research within the humanitarian logistics (HL) domain has highlighted a plethora of challenges relating to the efficient and effective delivery of humanitarian assistance to those affected by disasters. Through a systematic literature review, it was discovered that current research predominantly focuses on the activities of humanitarian organisations (HOs); overlooking the social and logistical capacity already present within affected communities. In order to address the gap left by HO-centric HL research, this investigation approaches the challenges of efficient and effective humanitarian assistance from a novel perspective. Drawing upon the notion of Collaborative Aid Networks (CANs), this research explores the role of communities as drivers of HL processes, and of their own relief and recovery. In a field in which empirical data is lacking, this enquiry utilises a constructivist grounded theory methodology in order to gather empirical insights from post-earthquake Nepal. Interviews and observations were conducted over a period of seven weeks, with data being continuously analysed and refined throughout this process. The findings from this research culminated in the development of a theoretical framework which illustrates the interrelationships between CAN characteristics and their outcomes on HL. This study contributes to the emerging debates concerning community participation in disaster contexts, and provides revelatory insights regarding CANs’ unique attributes and competencies, which enable them to positively impact disaster affected communities. In levying CAN support, the FHS could increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their HL operations, whilst improving collaboration and communication between the FHS and the community; in turn supporting the legitimacy and downward accountability of FHS programmes.

This paper summarizes the experience of the Psychological Brigades conducted in 2001 in response to an earthquake that battered the southern part of the country, causing countless human and material losses and leaving over 200 thousand victims. The brigades gathered about 100 people among faculty members, students and graduated students from the Department of Psychology of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, who went to the affected areas to provide psychological support. The complete intervention is presented, including the design previous to the intervention, techniques used during the intervention and the evaluation of the results. These include the impact on the assisted population, the factors that contributed to the intervention success, as well as the impact on the brigades’ members. The assisted population specially remarks the value of feeling heard and accompanied, and of having a space to talk and meditate about its experience, fears and fantasies. / El presente trabajo resume la experiencia de las Brigadas Psicológicas llevadas a cabo en el año 2001 como respuesta al terremoto que azotó al sur del país, causando innumerables pérdidas humanas y materiales y más de doscientos mil damnificados. Las brigadas con­gregaron alrededor de cien voluntarios entre docentes, alumnos y egresados del Departa­mento de Psicología de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, quienes se movilizaron a las zonas afectadas con el fin de brindar apoyo psicológico. Se presenta la intervención en conjunto: el diseño previo a la intervención propiamente dicha, las técnicas utilizadasdurante la intervención y la evaluación de los resultados. Éstos incluyen el impacto en la población atendida, los factores a los que se atribuye el éxito de la intervención y el im­pacto en los brigadistas. La población atendida remarca de manera especial lo valioso que constituye el sentirse escuchada y acompañada, el contar con espacios para hablar y re­flexionar sobre su experiencia, temores y fantasías.

Orientador: Luci Hidalgo Nunes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T20:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moura_ErikaFerreira_M.pdf: 3404384 bytes, checksum: 0d6c430ae184e613eada2d05159cd499 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O reconhecimento da evolução dos padrões atmosféricos é estratégico na percepção e ajuste do homem ao ambiente físico e, portanto, na qualidade de vida individual e social. Este estudo teve por escopo avaliar a percepção de risco de moradores de áreas com histórico de eventos calamitosos, com o objetivo de verificar se a consciência dos riscos condizia com as reais probabilidades de desastres naturais a que estas populações estão expostas. Para isso, foi utilizado registros da defesa Civil do Guarujá, para a hierarquização das áreas mais suscetíveis e de população mais vulnerável, onde foram aplicados questionários qualitativos tendo por base a Fenomenologia - setor da ciência que descreve um fenômeno a partir da percepção e experiência vivenciada pelos indivíduos que o presenciam no mesmo tempo e local, e o percebem e o interpretam de acordo com variações individuais- com a finalidade de cruzar os dados e aferir a percepção de riscos dos moradores. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no município do Guarujá - SP que, embora conhecido por suas belezas cênicas e pelo turismo, apresenta muitas áreas de risco a escorregamentos e inundações, fazendo com que uma parte substancial de seus habitantes seja altamente vulnerável às inundações e escorregamentos, especialmente no verão, quando as precipitações são mais concentradas / Abstract: The recognition of the evolution of weather patterns is a strategic adjustment in the perception of man and the physical environment and, therefore, the quality of individual and social life. Scope of this study was to evaluate the risk perception of residents in areas with a history of calamitous events, in order to verify that the awareness of risk matched the actual probability of natural disasters that these populations are exposed. For this, we used records of the Civil Defence Guaruja, for ranking of the most susceptible and vulnerable population, questionnaires were applied based on the qualitative phenomenology - the sector of science that describes a phenomenon from the perceptions and lived experience by individuals who witness the same time and place, and perceive and interpret it according to individual variations, in order to compare data and assess the risk perception of residents. The research was conducted in the city of Guaruja - SP which, although known for its scenic beauty and tourism, has many areas at risk to landslides and floods, causing a substantial part of its inhabitants are highly vulnerable to floods and landslides, especially in summer when rainfall is more concentrated / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Orientadores: Luci Hidalgo Nunes, Gerhard Held / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T21:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Candido_DanielHenrique_D.pdf: 12040471 bytes, checksum: 47011ad1ee58b830a779d18c7c681dac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O registro de tornados e trombas-d'água no Brasil têm aumentado de forma substancial nos últimos anos. Embora as alterações antrópicas tenham papel fundamental para a elevação de tais ocorrências, uma vez que mais calor disponível significa maior instabilidade atmosférica, há de se considerar que a expansão urbana e o espraiamento da população faça com que os registros visuais desses fenômenos se tornem mais frequentes. Assim, este estudo avaliou a distribuição espacial do fenômeno em território brasileiro por meio do desenvolvimento de um modelo capaz de utilizar parâmetros climatológicos e geomorfológicos para definir os riscos de ocorrência de episódios tornádicos em diferentes setores do Brasil. Tal modelo foi obtido mediante aplicação de técnicas de geoprocessamento, adotando para isso ferramentas de SIG. O trabalho também apresenta a listagem de todos os eventos em território nacional, bem como a proposição de uma nova classificação dos fenômenos relacionados a ventos intensos, uma vez que os modelos atualmente adotados desconsideram as particularidades das estruturas existentes no país, sendo necessária a adoção de uma escala mais adequada à realidade brasileira. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o setor centro-sul do país apresenta elevado risco de ocorrência do fenômeno, sendo que os estados de São Paulo, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul são particularmente mais afetados / Abstract: The number of tornadoes and waterspouts recorded in Brazil has increased substantially in recent years. Anthropic alterations have key role in the increase of such occurrences, due to more heat being available, which in turn increases the atmospheric instability. But on the other hand, it should also be considered that the urban sprawl as well as an increase in population may result in such phenomena being observed more frequently. Thus, this study seeks to elucidate the spatial distribution of the phenomenon in Brazil by developing a model capable of using climatological and geomorphological parameters to capture the risk of occurrence of tornadoes in different parts of Brazil. This model was developed by applying geoprocessing techniques, adopting GIS tools for this task. The work also presents a list of all events recorded in the national territory. Furthermore, a new classification of events is proposed, since the current methods ignore the particularities of the existing structures in the country, necessitating the adoption of a scale more suitable to the Brazilian reality. Results show that the south-central sector of the country presents a high risk of occurrence of these phenomena, with the states of São Paulo, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in particular being more affected / Doutorado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Doutor em Ciências

Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-03-20T17:36:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho, Camila Barbosa de [Dissertação, 2014].pdf: 1556334 bytes, checksum: f58ad80b2cea366a9b264b1f8d1308a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T17:36:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho, Camila Barbosa de [Dissertação, 2014].pdf: 1556334 bytes, checksum: f58ad80b2cea366a9b264b1f8d1308a4 (MD5) / A assistência farmacêutica deve estar preparada para situação de desastre realizando, de forma rápida e efetiva, a provisão de medicamentos e insumos para saúde necessários a população atingida. As corporações militares devem atuar, complementarmente, nas situações de emergência, e, por isso, precisam estar preparadas. Esse trabalho investigou a preparação da Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) para desastres no âmbito da área de saúde de uma corporação militar do estado do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo de caso transversal em uma corporação militar, utilizando uma adaptação do modelo lógico e indicadores para Preparação da AF em desastres. O modelo proposto inclui elementos do contexto externo a AF e de componentes do ciclo da AF, divididos em implementação e desempenho; este modelo deu origem à planilha de indicadores. Foram analisados dados documentais e de entrevistas com atores chave. Foi realizado, ainda, estudo de caso observacional referente à preparação do corpo de saúde da corporação para um evento de massa, a Jornada Mundial da Juventude (JMJ). A preparação da AF para desastres na corporação ainda está muito inscipiente, uma vez que com a coleta de dados não foi possível observar nenhuma atividade do ciclo de AF implementada para esse fim. No caso JMJ estudado, observou-se que também não houve preparação para as possíveis ameças. Como proposta de implementação, foram elaboradas listas de medicamentos norteadores para as diferentes situações as quais o corpo de saúde da corporação atuou nos últimos dois anos. O preparo da AF para desastres na corporação é inexistênte, uma vez que as ações ocorrem de forma isolada e conforme demanda / Pharmaceutical services must be prepared for disaster quickly and effectively, provision of drugs and supplies required for the affected population health. The military corporations should act, in addition, in emergencies, and therefore need to be prepared. This study investigated the preparedness of Pharmaceutical services for disasters within the health area of a military corporation in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The methodology used was a cross-sectional case study of a military corporation, using an adaptation of the logic model and indicators for Preparedness of Pharmaceutical services for disasters. The proposed model includes elements of the external environment to Pharmaceutical services and their cycle components, divided into implementation and performance, this model gave rise to the indicator spreadsheet. Documentary and interviews with key actors data were analyzed. Observational case study on the preparation of the health group corporation for mass event, the World Youth Day in was also performed . The preparedness of the Pharmaceutical services disaster in the enterprise is still very early once with the data collection was not possible to observe any activity of the Pharmaceutical services cycle implemented for this purpose. In the case JMJ studied , it was observed that there was no preparation for the possible threats . As proposed implementation, lists of guiding medicines for different situations that the corporation served past two years. The preparation of the Pharmaceutical services disaster in the corporation is inceptive, since actions occur in isolation and according to demand

No description available.

Disasters are an ever increasing phenomena in our society, resulting in many people being adversely affected. the social vulnerability paradigm explores the social, economic and political factors which contribute to certain populations being disproportionately affected by disasters. However, the paradigm has not yet begun to investigate the cultural or religious ideologies which may affect a population's behavior in disaster. This study is an exploratory investigation into whether religious ideologies may impact a person's decision to prepare, or not, in the event of a disaster. Specifically, it seeks to investigate whether a person who holds a belief that natural disasters are under God's control will prepare for the hazard? the study undertaken five years after Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans show that religious ideology is closely linked with one's capacity to prepare for the hazard which is closely tied in with social structure. It may appear that a person's 'fatalistic' attitude is tied to economic inability to prepare for a hazard. This does not mean that they will not prepare but that preparation may include prayer as their initial attempt to mitigate.