No abstract available / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

L’objectif de notre travail est de vérifier s’il existe une relation entre les mécanismes de gouvernance exercée par les capital-Investisseurs et la performance financière des entreprises camerounaises. Selon les théories juridico – financières et cognitives, des mécanismes peuvent influencer la performance financière. A partir d’un échantillon de 70 entreprises, observées sur la période de cinq ans, nos résultats indiquent que, conformément aux prédictions de la théorie de l’agence et celles qui ont trait aux théories cognitives de la gouvernance, la performance financière croît en présence des mécanismes traditionnels et liés au capital-Investissement. D’autre part, les capital-Investisseurs développent un mécanisme de gouvernance disciplinaire et cognitif spécifiques à un environnement africain particulier. / The objective of our work is to test a relationship between governance mechanisms using by venture capitalist and financial performance of Cameroonians companies. According to the legal theories - Financial and cognitive, mechanisms can influence financial performance. From a sample of 70 firms over the period of five years, our results indicate that, as predicted by the theory of agency and one that features the cognitive aspects of governance, financial performance grew in the presence of traditional mechanisms and specific venture capital.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabricio Mazzaron Orestes.pdf: 1295155 bytes, checksum: b51237359f84d1330be7e49968398fb5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work is part of the theme of "under protection measure" under the Child and Adolescent Statute (CAS) and articulated in its Articles 98 and 101. The objective of this study is to understand the mechanisms that operate the flow classification of children and teenagers among the "doorways" and shelters in the city of São Paulo. To meet this goal we used two procedures: the analysis of public documents and production interviews. The documents were divided into the following categories: laws and statutes, policies and guiding plans and reports. The interviews were conducted in a shelter on the southern city of São Paulo that carries out service to the age group 0-17 years and 11 months. The professionals selected for interview in the team's technical service, namely, coordinator, psychologist and social worker. Amounted to three interviews prepared based on semi-structured methodology. The analysis of interviews and documents followed the methodology of discursive practices including language in the speech as action, ie, the modes from which the contents produce discursive sense about the social world. In addition, we worked with the perspective of Foucault developed the concepts of disciplinary mechanisms and security mechanisms to review processes and the classification in the flow between the shelters. From the analysis of the documents drawn up taking institutional flow as a criterion the time for each service they perform in the shelters. The arrangements were found for "short time" (up to two months) and "long time" (two years) for the realization of institutionalization, namely respectively the "gateways" and shelters. Comparison between the analysis of documents with the analysis of the interviews allowed us to recognize the practice of eligibility criteria that operate on the network from categories such as history on the streets, drug addiction, offense, mental health and age. These categories, acting alone or in combination, act as a filter and their effects imply classification provided better retention of children and adolescents in the "gateways" to the exclusion of the protection system formed by the network of shelters. These classificatory practices, especially in the categories analyzed, go against the principles of universality and integral protection doctrine advocated by the CAS because it reduces or negates the protection rights of children and especially teenagers who have a history of street drug addiction and infringement / Este trabalho insere-se na temática da ―medida protetiva abrigo‖ prevista no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) e articulada em seus artigos 98 e 101. O objetivo deste estudo é compreender os mecanismos classificatórios que operam o fluxo de crianças e adolescentes entre as ―portas de entradas‖ e os abrigos na cidade de São Paulo. Para atender este objetivo foram utilizados dois procedimentos: a análise de documentos públicos e produção de entrevistas. Os documentos foram divididos nas seguintes categorias: legais e estatutos; planos orientadores de políticas e livros-relatório. As entrevistas foram realizadas em um abrigo da zona sul do município de São Paulo que efetua atendimento à faixa etária de 0 a 17 anos e 11 meses. Os profissionais selecionados para entrevista compõem a equipe técnica do serviço, a saber, coordenador, psicólogo e assistente social. Totalizaram-se três entrevistas elaboradas com base na metodologia semi-estruturada. A análise das entrevistas e dos documentos seguiu a metodologia das práticas discursivas compreendendo o discurso como linguagem em ação, ou seja, os modos a partir dos quais os conteúdos discursivos produzem sentido sobre o mundo social. Além disso, trabalhou-se com a perspectiva foucaultiana desenvolvida nos conceitos de dispositivos disciplinares e mecanismos de segurança para analisar os processos classificatórios e os ordenamentos das multiplicidades no fluxo entre os abrigos. A partir da análise dos documentos desenhou-se o fluxo institucional tomando como critério o tempo previsto para que cada serviço realize o abrigamento. As modalidades encontradas foram as de ―tempo curto‖ (até dois meses) e de ―de tempo longo‖ (até dois anos) para a realização da institucionalização, a saber, respectivamente as ―portas de entrada‖ e os abrigos. O cotejamento das análises dos documentos com a análise das entrevistas permitiu reconhecer a prática de critérios de elegibilidade que operam na rede a partir de categorias como histórico de rua, drogadição, infração, saúde mental e faixa etária. Essas categorias, agindo individualmente ou associadas, funcionam como um filtro e seus efeitos classificatórios implicam desde uma maior permanência da criança e do adolescente nas ―portas de entrada‖ até a sua exclusão do sistema de proteção formado pela rede de abrigo. Essas práticas classificatórias, sobretudo, apoiadas nas categorias levantadas, vão na contramão dos preceitos de universalidade e doutrina de proteção integral preconizados no ECA, pois, diminui ou anula os direitos de proteção de crianças e, especialmente, adolescentes que tem histórico de rua, drogadição e infração

Il est essentiel de sanctionner les personnes physiques responsables des manquements commis par des personnes morales à des fins de dissuasion et de responsabilité individuelle, mais aussi afin de maintenir la confiance du public dans notre système judiciaire et dans l’industrie des services financiers. Toutefois, des obstacles juridiques, organisationnels et opérationnels rendent particulièrement difficile la recherche de la responsabilité des personnes physiques par les organismes d’application de la loi. Les scandales et crises financières témoignent de ces difficultés et laissent croire que seules les personnes morales font l’objet de sanctions, et non pas leurs administrateurs, dirigeants ou employés responsables. C’est principalement parce qu’elles ont parfois servi de substituts à la recherche de la responsabilité des personnes physiques que les procédures intentées à l’encontre des personnes morales n’ont pas bonne presse. Les mesures d’application de la loi à l’encontre des personnes physiques et les mesures d’application de la loi à l’encontre des personnes morales jouent des rôles différents. Il s’agit de mesures complémentaires plutôt que de substituts. Il en est ainsi puisque c’est à travers l’angle de la modification des comportements et pratiques (plutôt que de la seule sanction rétrospective) que le prisme de l’application de la loi à l’encontre des personnes morales devrait être considéré. En plus de dissuader, de telles mesures favorisent une modification (volontaire ou non) des comportements et pratiques ainsi que la redistribution de la responsabilité, notamment par l’entremise des mécanismes disciplinaires internes et pratiques de rémunération. / It is essential to impose sanctions on individuals responsible for corporate misconduct to ensure deterrence and personal accountability, but also to maintain public confidence in our justice system and the financial services industry. However, legal, organizational and operational challenges make it particularly difficult for law enforcement agencies to find said individuals responsible for corporate misconduct. Scandals and financial crisis emphasized these difficulties and left the impression that only corporations were subject to sanctions and not their responsible directors, officers or employees. It is mainly because they have sometimes served as alternatives to the search for individual accountability that legal proceedings against corporations do not have a good press. Enforcement actions against individuals and enforcement actions against corporations play different roles. They are complementary and not alternatives or substitutes. It is through the angle of change in behaviours and practices (rather than the only retrospective sanction) that the prism of law enforcement against corporations should be considered. In addition to deterring, such measures foster a change (voluntary or not) in behaviours and practices and could contribute to redistributing responsibility to the individuals actually responsible for corporate misconduct, notably through internal disciplinary mechanisms and sound compensation practices.