Online Communities of Practices (CoPs) is emerging as a major form for knowledge sharing in this era of information revolution. Due to the advancement of technology and ease of internet access in every part of the world, people began to get more and more involved in online CoPs to share knowledge. The defining characteristic of a Community of Practice is the interaction between members in order to jointly determine and embrace goals, eventually resulting in shared practices. Crucial to the success of a Community of Practice is the engagement between community members. Without engagement, a Community of Practice can not share knowledge and achieve its negotiated goals. To that end, there is a need to examine, why do people engage in an online discussion, what role domain experts play to keep on-line discussion alive and how to develop a ''right intervention'' to maintain and stimulate participants for engagement in on-line community. This thesis studied eight Communities of Practices that are being deliberately formed to facilitate knowledge sharing in the online community and describes an exploratory study of knowledge sharing within Communities of Practices (CoPs) by investigating eight CoPs - Start up Nation, All nurses, Young Enterpener, Teneric, SCM Focus, Systems Dynamics, Mahjoob and Alnj3 CoPs. The CoPs under investigation shared the following characteristics: permanent life span, created by interested members (i.e. bottom-up rather than top-down management creation), have a high level of boundary crossing, have more than 700 members who come from disparate locations and organizations, have voluntary membership enrollment, high membership diversity, high topic's relevance to members, high degree of reliance on technology, and are moderated. Data were gathered on the eight CoPs through online observations and online questionnaire survey. Results show that in each of the case study the most common type of activity performed by members of each CoP was sharing knowledge, followed by socialsing. Regarding the types of knowledge shared, the most common one across all CoPs was practical and general knowledge. The types of practical knowledge, however, varied in each CoP. The study also discovered that storytelling extensively enhances knowledge transfer and participants' interpersonal communications in eight communities under investigation. What were also notable in this study were the stories discussed in a CoP remains in the archive, what are more likely to generate interest and curiosity on the topic among inactive members who ultimately facilitates knowledge transfer. In this study it is also evident that successful topics with successful conclusion (in terms that the original query was answered) will not necessary get high responses and vice versa. An analysis of selected topics in the eight case studies has shown that some successful topics have few replies and vice versa, where many topics ended with open conclusion or they were unsuccessful in terms that the original query was not answered satisfactory. Therefore, it is not necessary that successful topic will get high number of responses as there are some successful topics which have limited number of replies. Overall, it is found that, topic may play a major role in the success of online discussion. It is observed in the study that members normally use short messages rather long messages and usually discusses more than one topic within one thread. Practical implications for knowledge sharing in online communities of practice were discussed, along with some recommendations for future research.

Gender equality is an important attribute in Sweden, much connected to the country’s selfimage. This thesis analyzes Swedish state policy strategies for Sweden’s works with gender equality abroad, in development cooperation. From a feminist postcolonial perspective, the thesis conducts a critical discourse analysis of the policy framework regulating Swedish development cooperation in relation to gender equality. The result show that women and men are constructed as discursively different in the policy framework. Further, the issue of gender inequality, as portrayed within the policy framework, constructs women as particular vulnerable and subordinated to men. A discursive construction which paradoxically reinforces the traditional, stereotypical gender norms which the policy framework aims to abolish. In line with this paradox the result also show that men are not recognized as responsible for gender inequalities nor are they lifted as agents of change in gender equality work. A result that suggests that women are both the ones in need of and the ones responsible for creating a gender equal future in developing nations according to the discourse of Swedish development cooperation policy.

Online Communities of Practices (CoPs) is emerging as a major form for knowledge sharing in this era of information revolution. Due to the advancement of technology and ease of internet access in every part of the world, people began to get more and more involved in online CoPs to share knowledge. The defining characteristic of a Community of Practice is the interaction between members in order to jointly determine and embrace goals, eventually resulting in shared practices. Crucial to the success of a Community of Practice is the engagement between community members. Without engagement, a Community of Practice can not share knowledge and achieve its negotiated goals. To that end, there is a need to examine, why do people engage in an online discussion, what role domain experts play to keep on-line discussion alive and how to develop a ''right intervention'' to maintain and stimulate participants for engagement in on-line community. This thesis studied eight Communities of Practices that are being deliberately formed to facilitate knowledge sharing in the online community and describes an exploratory study of knowledge sharing within Communities of Practices (CoPs) by investigating eight CoPs ¿Start up Nation, All nurses, Young Enterpener, Teneric, SCM Focus, Systems Dynamics, Mahjoob and Alnj3 CoPs. The CoPs under investigation shared the following characteristics: permanent life span, created by interested members (i.e. bottom-up rather than top-down management creation), have a high level of boundary crossing, have more than 700 members who come from disparate locations and organizations, have voluntary membership enrollment, high membership diversity, high topic¿s relevance to members, high degree of reliance on technology, and are moderated. Data were gathered on the eight CoPs through online observations and online questionnaire survey. Results show that in each of the case study the most common type of activity performed by members of each CoP was sharing knowledge, followed by socialsing. Regarding the types of knowledge shared, the most common one across all CoPs was practical and general knowledge. The types of practical knowledge, however, varied in each CoP. The study also discovered that storytelling extensively enhances knowledge transfer and participants¿ interpersonal communications in eight communities under investigation. What were also notable in this study were the stories discussed in a CoP remains in the archive, what are more likely to generate interest and curiosity on the topic among inactive members who ultimately facilitates knowledge transfer. In this study it is also evident that successful topics with successful conclusion (in terms that the original query was answered) will not necessary get high responses and vice versa. An analysis of selected topics in the eight case studies has shown that some successful topics have few replies and vice versa, where many topics ended with open conclusion or they were unsuccessful in terms that the original query was not answered satisfactory. Therefore, it is not necessary that successful topic will get high number of responses as there are some successful topics which have limited number of replies. Overall, it is found that, topic may play a major role in the success of online discussion. It is observed in the study that members normally use short messages rather long messages and usually discusses more than one topic within one thread. Practical implications for knowledge sharing in online communities of practice were discussed, along with some recommendations for future research.

Esta dissertação se insere nos estudos de Linguística e é vinculada à Análise Crítica do Discurso (FAIRCLOUGH, 1989, 2003) e à Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1970, 1973), investigando o que é a qualidade literária para os internautas que interagem em fóruns de discussão do Orkut, à luz da Teoria da Valoração (MARTIN ; WHITE, 2005). De acordo com as categorias que abrangem o subsistema da Atitude da Teoria da Valoração (MARTIN ; WHITE, 2005), analisa-se como os leitores internautas se posicionam sobre a questão da qualidade literária e a ideologia que perpassa seus discursos. O conceito de ideologia adotado é o proposto por Thompson (2009), para quem o conceito deve ser compreendido a partir da noção de hegemonia e poder, ou seja, a ideologia necessariamente estabelece e sustenta relações de dominação, reproduzindo a ordem social que favorece indivíduos e grupos dominantes.O corpus desta pesquisa é composto de três amostras colhidas entre 15/07/2009 e 05/01/2010 correspondentes a uma discussão iniciada em comunidade relacionada a assuntos literários. A AMOSTRA 1 refere-se ao tópico Leitura difícil é sinal de qualidade?, da comunidade Literatura; a AMOSTRA 2, se refere ao tópico Qualidade do texto literário, da comunidade Discutindo... literatura e, por fim, a AMOSTRA 3 representa o tópico O que é um bom texto literário para você, também da comunidade Literatura. Cada discussão possui congruências e divergências quanto às representações sobre literatura e essas foram também analisadas. Não obstante, o que nos interessa é perceber como as ideologias perpassam seus discursos de acordo com os valores que os internautas atribuem a aspectos do texto literário. Foram escolhidos fóruns de discussão online do Orkut porque as interações em redes sociais constituem elemento novo das práticas sociais e, portanto, relevantes pontos de apoio para a investigação da criação de sentidos sobre o conceito de boa literatura. Investigar como a literatura, objeto de estudo acadêmico, é analisada em tais espaços cibernéticos é instigante, por não ser usual. Os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa sugerem que o internauta reproduz o discurso acadêmico hegemônico acerca da qualidade literária ao debater a qualidade intrínseca do texto literário com a ressalva de manifestar seu contentamento ou descontentamento acerca de determinados textos literários e escritores, dado novo que revela uma característica deste espaço não institucional de discussão, em que os internautas se sentem à vontade para manifestar sua opinião / This dissertation, in the area of Linguistics, is developed within the theoretical frameworks of Critical Discourses Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH: 1989; 2003) AND Systemic Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY, 1970;1973) and investigates representations about literally quality expressed by internet users that interact in discussion forums on Orkut. Adopting analytical categories within the subsystem of Attitude, from Appraisal Theory (MARTIN ; WHITE, 2005), we examine how readers express their ideas on, or representations about, the concept of literary quality and investigate the ideology behind such representations. The concept of ideology in this research is from Thompson (2009), who argues that it must be understood in association with the notions of hegemony and power, ie, ideology necessarily establishes and maintains relationships of domination, by reproducing a social order that favors individuals and dominant groups. The corpus of this research is made up of three samples collected between 07.15.2009 and 01.05.2010 corresponding to a discussion started in a community organized around discussions of literature. . SAMPLE 1 introduces the topic Leitura difícil é sinal de qualidade? from the community Literature; SAMPLE 2 takes, as a starting point, the topic Qualidade do texto literário, from the community Discutindo... literatura, and, finally, SAMPLE 3 introduces the topic O que é um 'bom' texto literário para você, from the community Literatura. Each sample has consistencies and differences in the representations expressed by the participants and these were analyzed. Our focus is on how ideologies permeate participants discourses, according to the values they assign to aspects of the literary text. Online discussion forums on Orkut were chosen because the interactions in social networks represent a new element of social practices and therefore are considered relevant sites of investigation. Probing into how literature, the object of academic study, is discussed in cyber space is justified on the grounds that there are hardly any studies of how literature is represented outside institutional spaces. Results obtained in this study suggest that internet users articulate hegemonic academic discourse in their discussions of literature, but they also express specific attitudes towards particular texts and writers (codified as feelings of pleasure or displeasure in discussions of reading practices). These results suggest that in online discussions of literature readers feel free to express their personal reactions to text, given the characteristics of this discussion forum

Submitted by Marcia Leitzke (marcia.leitzke@unioeste.br) on 2017-05-23T11:54:01Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Thamara_Parteka.pdf: 2936748 bytes, checksum: 7e1bd3fd430de10a6e4924f72dd1c655 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T11:54:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Thamara_Parteka.pdf: 2936748 bytes, checksum: 7e1bd3fd430de10a6e4924f72dd1c655 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of this study is to analyze official discourses about the state of Paraná made in the first half of the 1950, during the administration of Bento Munhoz da Rocha Neto (1951-1955). In this period there were celebrations for the first centenary of state political emancipation (1953), which contributed to the discursive construction now analyzed. Such celebrations made the Paraná gain much visibility on the national scene, as well as huge dizibilidade caused by the production of many materials, monuments, as well as conferences and other events, whose central proposition is to build an idea about the state of its population, its economy, as well as establishing or consolidating memories and identities. Although many materials coats is a scientific aura, exposing the sole purpose of disseminating facts and statistics on the state, to include a broader set of analysis, they contribute to the construction of discourses on the Paraná, which are widely accepted and widespread, remaining until today. The work focuses on the analysis of documents understood as officials, in view of the sites where they were produced, the organs for which they were financed, and the guys who make the right to speak on behalf of what is understood as Paraná people. The analyzed sources were messages sent by the Governor to the Legislative Assembly in the years 1951 to 1956, the work 1º Centenary of Emancipation Paraná Policy - 1853 to 1953 - State Government Edition, the book of Paraná images, and Brazil Guide Globe Export and Import. / O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar discursos sobre o Estado do Paraná constituídos na primeira metade dos anos 1950, durante o governo de Bento Munhoz da Rocha Neto (1951-1955). Neste período ocorreram as comemorações pelo primeiro centenário de emancipação política do Estado (1953), o que contribuiu para a construção discursiva ora analisada. Tais comemorações fizeram o Paraná ganhar muita visibilidade no cenário nacional, além da enorme dizibilidade causada pela produção de inúmeros materiais, monumentos, bem como congressos e outros eventos, cuja proposição central era construir uma ideia sobre o Estado, sobre sua população, sua economia, além de instituir ou reforçar memórias e identidades. Apesar de muitos materiais revestirem-se de uma áurea científica, expondo como único objetivo a divulgação de fatos e dados estatísticos sobre o Estado, compreende-se, num conjunto mais amplo de análise, que eles contribuem para a construção de discursos sobre o Paraná, os quais são amplamente aceitos e difundidos, permanecendo até os dias atuais. O trabalho centra-se na análise de documentos compreendidos como oficiais, tendo em vista os locais onde foram produzidos, os órgãos pelos quais foram financiados e os sujeitos que ganham o direito de falar em nome do que se compreende como povo paranaense. As fontes analisadas foram: mensagens enviadas pelo governador à Assembleia Legislativa entre os anos de 1951 a 1956, a obra 1º Centenário de Emancipação Política do Paraná – 1853 – 1953 – Edição do Governo do Estado, o livro de imagens Paraná, Brasil e o Guia Globo de Exportação e Importação.

Esta dissertação se insere nos estudos de Linguística e é vinculada à Análise Crítica do Discurso (FAIRCLOUGH, 1989, 2003) e à Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1970, 1973), investigando o que é a qualidade literária para os internautas que interagem em fóruns de discussão do Orkut, à luz da Teoria da Valoração (MARTIN ; WHITE, 2005). De acordo com as categorias que abrangem o subsistema da Atitude da Teoria da Valoração (MARTIN ; WHITE, 2005), analisa-se como os leitores internautas se posicionam sobre a questão da qualidade literária e a ideologia que perpassa seus discursos. O conceito de ideologia adotado é o proposto por Thompson (2009), para quem o conceito deve ser compreendido a partir da noção de hegemonia e poder, ou seja, a ideologia necessariamente estabelece e sustenta relações de dominação, reproduzindo a ordem social que favorece indivíduos e grupos dominantes.O corpus desta pesquisa é composto de três amostras colhidas entre 15/07/2009 e 05/01/2010 correspondentes a uma discussão iniciada em comunidade relacionada a assuntos literários. A AMOSTRA 1 refere-se ao tópico Leitura difícil é sinal de qualidade?, da comunidade Literatura; a AMOSTRA 2, se refere ao tópico Qualidade do texto literário, da comunidade Discutindo... literatura e, por fim, a AMOSTRA 3 representa o tópico O que é um bom texto literário para você, também da comunidade Literatura. Cada discussão possui congruências e divergências quanto às representações sobre literatura e essas foram também analisadas. Não obstante, o que nos interessa é perceber como as ideologias perpassam seus discursos de acordo com os valores que os internautas atribuem a aspectos do texto literário. Foram escolhidos fóruns de discussão online do Orkut porque as interações em redes sociais constituem elemento novo das práticas sociais e, portanto, relevantes pontos de apoio para a investigação da criação de sentidos sobre o conceito de boa literatura. Investigar como a literatura, objeto de estudo acadêmico, é analisada em tais espaços cibernéticos é instigante, por não ser usual. Os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa sugerem que o internauta reproduz o discurso acadêmico hegemônico acerca da qualidade literária ao debater a qualidade intrínseca do texto literário com a ressalva de manifestar seu contentamento ou descontentamento acerca de determinados textos literários e escritores, dado novo que revela uma característica deste espaço não institucional de discussão, em que os internautas se sentem à vontade para manifestar sua opinião / This dissertation, in the area of Linguistics, is developed within the theoretical frameworks of Critical Discourses Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH: 1989; 2003) AND Systemic Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY, 1970;1973) and investigates representations about literally quality expressed by internet users that interact in discussion forums on Orkut. Adopting analytical categories within the subsystem of Attitude, from Appraisal Theory (MARTIN ; WHITE, 2005), we examine how readers express their ideas on, or representations about, the concept of literary quality and investigate the ideology behind such representations. The concept of ideology in this research is from Thompson (2009), who argues that it must be understood in association with the notions of hegemony and power, ie, ideology necessarily establishes and maintains relationships of domination, by reproducing a social order that favors individuals and dominant groups. The corpus of this research is made up of three samples collected between 07.15.2009 and 01.05.2010 corresponding to a discussion started in a community organized around discussions of literature. . SAMPLE 1 introduces the topic Leitura difícil é sinal de qualidade? from the community Literature; SAMPLE 2 takes, as a starting point, the topic Qualidade do texto literário, from the community Discutindo... literatura, and, finally, SAMPLE 3 introduces the topic O que é um 'bom' texto literário para você, from the community Literatura. Each sample has consistencies and differences in the representations expressed by the participants and these were analyzed. Our focus is on how ideologies permeate participants discourses, according to the values they assign to aspects of the literary text. Online discussion forums on Orkut were chosen because the interactions in social networks represent a new element of social practices and therefore are considered relevant sites of investigation. Probing into how literature, the object of academic study, is discussed in cyber space is justified on the grounds that there are hardly any studies of how literature is represented outside institutional spaces. Results obtained in this study suggest that internet users articulate hegemonic academic discourse in their discussions of literature, but they also express specific attitudes towards particular texts and writers (codified as feelings of pleasure or displeasure in discussions of reading practices). These results suggest that in online discussions of literature readers feel free to express their personal reactions to text, given the characteristics of this discussion forum

O objetivo desta dissertação é identificar e compreender se os alunos de 2 e 3 anos do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública percebem o quanto (não) incorporam os conhecimentos estudados em LP à língua oral padrão. Esta pesquisa tem como base teórica a Análise de Discurso de linha francesa. Aqui, discute-se o descentramento do sujeito e do sentido nas práticas discursivas: lugar em que afloram as significações, o assujeitamento daquele que desempenha diversos papeisde acordo com as várias posições que ocupa nos interdiscursos. É a formação discursiva que determina o que pode ou deve ser falado de acordo com o lugar social que ele ocupa. O corpus desta pesquisa é composto por entrevistas orais individuais [gravadas em áudio], junto a catorze alunos de uma escola pública. As entrevistas semiestruturadas seguiram um roteiro com perguntas sobre a importância, ou não, da oralidade padrão no cotidiano dos alunos e como eles percebem as maneiras como falam, se mais ou menos próximas de formas padrão (aqui entendidas como as da norma padrão, prescritas nas gramáticas normativas). As entrevistas foram coletadas em salas de aula e no pátio da escola. Levantamos a hipótese de que o motivo que leva os jovens, de modo geral, a não incorporarem a língua oral padrão às suas práticas de oralidade se deve ao desejo, ainda que inconsciente, de permanecerem inseridos no grupo etário e social dos quais fazem parte. Como resultados percebemos que, para os jovens, a oralidade formal está associada à escrita, pertence aos adultos, é algo rígido está atrelada à importância que eles dão à pessoa, à profissão do falante. / This studys objective is to verifying the discourses on speaking in formal or standard Portuguese, built by students in their last two years in a public high school. This research is based upon the theory of Discourse Analysis of the French. The focus of discussion is the decentralization of the subject and of sense in speech applications: The subjection of that which performs multiple roles according to the various positions it occupies in `interdiscourses. This research is qualitative in nature. The corpus is composed of individual spoken interviews with twenty four public school students, recorded in audio. The semi-structured interviews followed a script with queries on the importance of formal speaking, or lack thereof, in the students everyday lives and how they perceive the manners in which they speak, whether closer or farther from standard forms (meaning similar to those in the standard norm, those prescribed in normative grammars). The interviews were collected in classrooms and on the schools courtyard. Based on the aforementioned considerations, we raise the hypothesis that young persons, generally, do not associate speech to academic knowledge, regardless of communication situations they have experienced. What we gather from the results is that todays youth associates formal speaking with writing, understands it as something which belongs to adults, something rigid, location-specific, related to the importance it supplies the speaker, or the position they occupy.

This present master thesis focuses on the sociological phenomenon of violence affecting Aboriginal women in Canada, specifically what may be apprehended through an intersectional perspective on violence Aware that the silence surrounding this phenomenon is just as violent as the situation itself, this thesis proposes tools for understanding and reading that allow everyone to better understand the ins and outs of the manifestation of this violence. This analysis explores how the invisibility of these women in society takes shape, how it is expressed, and what it reveals about the Quebec and Canadian society. It was decided to address our problem through the written press media and the production of mediatic and journalistic discourses, which often reveal a particular ideology and themselves reflect a society in general. Using a corpus of 200 articles with different themes, and in light of certain concepts related to discourse analysis, the results of our data will allow us to discuss the influence of these mediatic and journalistic discourses, and better understand the government issues, particularly Aboriginal ones, facing the country today. We will thus see how media power can play a significant role in society and how indigenous women are increa singly becoming part of an empowerment movement, enabling them to deconstruct the social barriers in which they have long been partitioned. / Le présent mémoire s’intéresse au phénomène sociologique de violence dont sont victimes les femmes autochtones du Canada, plus précisément ce que l’on peut appréhender par le truchement d’une perspective intersectionnelle sur la violence. Reconnaissant d’emblée que le silence entourant ce phénomène est tout aussi violent que la situation en elle même, ce mémoire propose des outils de compréhension et de lecture permettant à chacun de mieux cerner les tenants et les aboutissants de la manifestation de cette violence. Cette analyse explore la façon dont l’invisibilité de ces femmes dans la société prend forme, de quelle manière elle s’exprime, ainsi que ce qu’elle révèle de la société québécoise et canadienne. Il a été décidé d’aborder notre problème en utilisant les médias de presse écrite et de la production des discours journalistiques et médiatiques, souvent révélateurs d’une idéologie particulière et eux mêmes le reflet d’une société en général. À l’aide d’un corpus regroupant 200 articles aux thématiques différentes, et à la lumière de certains concepts portant sur l’analyse de discours, les résultats de nos données nous permettent de discuter de l’influence de ces discours journalistiques et médiatiques et de mieux comprendre les enjeux gouvernementaux, notamment autochtones, auxquels le pays fait aujourd’hui face. Nous voyons ainsi comment le pouvoir médiatique peut jouer un rôle conséquent auprès de la société et de quelle manière les femmes autochtones s’inscrivent de plus en plus dans un mouvement d’empowerment leur permettant au fur et à mesure de déconstruire les barrières sociales dans lesquelles elles ont longtemps été cloisonnées.