No description available.

No description available.

A water resources and water demand management model has been developed applicable to locations which experience specific constraints such as rapid population growth, limited water resources and political disputes over water resources. The West Bank was chosen as a case study. The Research has suggested a paradigm for a comprehensive management framework for large-scale water management problems in and and semi-arid areas. This management framework can help to achieve sustainable water resources for meeting water demand and preventing the gridlock and excessive legal expense of uncoordinated and conflict-filled decision processes. The attributes of management frameworks (some well known and others not so familiar) begin with inclusion; that is, the framework should be comprehensive, with extensive stakeholder involvement and collaboration. The decision processes should be clear, action oriented, and adaptive. Other desirable qualities of the framework include a focus on environmental integrity, technical aspects, financial aspects, social implications, institutional aspects, political implications and use of proven management practices. Today's international legislative structure is incapable of solving complex water disputes. The Research has introduced one such multi-criteria decision tool for quantification of water resources rights. For illustrative purposes, it was presented in terms of the water-sharing problem facing Israel and the Palestinians. The methodology is based upon the several factors identified by the International Law Commission in its draft articles on the non-navigational uses of water.

Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [217-[226]).

Due to the influence of the construction industry on the country’s economy, resolution of disputes is very important. The Arbitration Act 1996 was passed to remedy the complaints that had made arbitration unpopular. Comments from academics and practitioners indicated that construction arbitration remained unpopular and procedural innovation anticipated had not materialised. This study considers arbitration in the construction industry in England and Wales and evaluates its use and role since the passing of the Arbitration Act 1996. It also explores the potential use of arbitration against the use of litigation, statutory adjudication, mediation and expert determination having regard to variables of size of claim and dispute. A pragmatic theoretical perspective was followed, using a survey strategy. Initially a quantitative methodology was used, with structured questionnaires sent to users of arbitration, their legal advisers and construction arbitrators. To provide extension and clarification of matters revealed from questionnaires, interviews were conducted with construction arbitrators and construction lawyers, thereby incorporating a qualitative methodology. The study shows a significant decline in the use of construction arbitration, but comparing the two periods investigated, there was less of a decline for the more recent period, compared to the earlier period. As a dispute resolution method, arbitration was considered neutral, being neither poor, nor excellent. Arbitration’s standing, overall, is poor; however, for claims between £1 million and £10 million it is similar to the other methods referred to above. Positive influences towards choosing arbitration are that arbitration is private, providing fairness, allowing control of the process with an award that is final. Negative influences are that arbitration is costly, complex with procedures styled on litigation, subject to delays and confidence issues with arbitrators’ decisions. Cost and duration of arbitration remain the most problematic features, however the investigation suggests that users and particularly their lawyer advisers are reluctant to implement cost saving procedures.

No abstract available / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

Magistriniame darbe yra nagrinėjamas mokestinių ginčų teisenos reglamentavimas Lietuvoje, bei užsienio valstybėse. Siekiama nustatyti ar mokestinių ginčų teisenos reglamentavimas Lietuvoje sudaro sąlygas pažeisti mokesčių mokėtojo pagrindines teises, kurias jis turi mokesčių administravime. Pateikiami pasiūlymai reglamentavimo trūkumams taisyti. Lietuvos mokesčių administravimo sistema nuolat patiria naujus, tikrovės keliamus iššūkius. Svarbiausias iš jų yra mokestinių pajamų didinimas skatinant savanorišką mokesčių mokėjimą. Tai galima pasiekti tik tuomet, kai mokesčių mokėtojas pasitiki valstybe. Todėl svarbu užtikrinti tinkamą mokesčių mokėtojo teisių apsaugą. Mokestinių ginčų teisena yra vienas iš teisinių mechanizmų, skirtų realizuoti mokesčių mokėtojo teisę į gynybą. Magistriniame darbe buvo iškelta hipotezė – mokestinių ginčų teisenos reglamentavimas sudaro sąlygas pažeisti mokesčių mokėtojo teises. Magistrinį darbą sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai, išvados ir pasiūlymai. Pirmame skyriuje nagrinėjamos pagrindinės sąvokos. Antras skyrius skirtas mokestinių teisės aktų analizei, siekiant nustatyti pagrindines mokesčių mokėtojo teises mokesčių administravime. Trečiame skyriuje yra atliekama lyginamoji Lietuvos ir pasirinktų užsienio valstybių pagrindinių mokesčių mokėtojo teisių reglamentavimo analizė. Ketvirtame skyriuje nagrinėjamas mokestinių ginčų teisenos reglamentavimas. Iškelta hipotezė pasitvirtino dalinai. Buvo nustatyta, kad mokestinių ginčų teiseną... [to full text] / There is analysis of regulations of taxing disputes’ legal proceedings in Lithuania and in foreign countries performed in this master’s study. The goal of the study is to find out if regulations of taxing disputes’ legal proceedings in Lithuania allow breach of the taxpayer’s rights, which are given him in administration of taxes. The suggestions how to improve the legal system are given as the conclusion of analysis. The Lithuanian administrative system of taxes has to improve constantly to be modern enough to satisfy the needs of changing reality. One of the most important challenges it faces is the motivation of taxpayers to pay taxes honestly. Only by achieving this destination it can ensure steady grow of taxing incomes of the national budget. That’s why the safeguard of the taxpayer’s rights’ is so important. Citizens are cooperative with the state when they trust it. There are couples of legal mechanisms which allow taxpayer to defend his rights. Taxing disputes’ legal proceedings is one of them.

No description available.

No description available.

According to Eli Hirsch many ontological disputes are verbal because, in these disputes, each side is most charitably interpreted as speaking the truth in its own language. In this thesis I argue that the ontological disputes Hirsch targets can’t be verbal. The problem with Hirsch’s proposal is that these ontological disputes are explicable in terms of ancillary disagreements about the explanatory value of intrinsic properties. If Hirsch believes that the ancillary disagreements are nonverbal, I argue, then he should interpret ontological disputes as being nonverbal as well. Alternatively, in order for Hirsch to interpret the ancillary disagreements as being verbal, he must reject an assumption implicit in ontologists’ existence assertions. In this case, he ought to interpret ontologists’ positive existence assertions as false. Either way, there is no plausible way to interpret the disputes Hirsch targets as being verbal.