O rio Uberabinha, localizado na região do Triângulo Mineiro, em Minas Gerais, compõe a sub-bacia do rio Araguari, afluente da bacia do rio Paranaíba, na região hidrográfica do rio Paraná. Mede, da sua nascente no município de Uberaba à foz no rio Araguari, aproximadamente 150 km, percorrendo cerca de 135 km no município de Uberlândia. Drena uma bacia de cerca de 2.190 km2, onde se localizam as captações da água que abastece uma população que hoje se aproxima de meio milhão de habitantes. Os esgotos produzidos pela cidade são também todos descarregados no rio. O trabalho consistiu na análises de pH, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e demanda bioquímica de oxigênio em amostras coletadas em cinco pontos do rio Uberabinha, a partir de uma seção a montante da cidade, até cerca de 20,5 km a jusante do último ponto de lançamento de esgoto, abrangendo uma extensão de aproximadamente 42 km. Neste trecho, o relevo passa de medianamente dissecado para intensamente dissecado, com presença de inúmeras corredeiras e cachoeiras. As amostras foram coletadas de junho de 1999 a maio de 2000 e a vazão também foi medida nos dois pontos extremos de coleta. Os resultados mostram que os teores de OD sofrem uma redução ao receber a carga de poluição e gradativamente tendem a recuperar sua taxa de saturação. Em contrapartida, a DBO segue uma curva inversa, denotando a atuação do fenômeno da autodepuração, embora dentro do trecho estudado não se verifique ainda a completa remoção da carga orgânica. / The Uberabinha River, located in the region of Triângulo Mineiro, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, is part of the Araguari River sub-basin. From its head in the city of Uberaba to its mouth in the Araguari River, it measures approximately 150 km, spanning about 135 km in the municipality of Uberlândia. The river drains a watershed of about 2.190 km2, from which water is collected to supply a population that approaches half a million inhabitants. Later, the sewage produced by the city is also discharged directly into the river. This research consisted in the analyses of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand of samples collected in five points of the Uberabinha River, from a section starting upstream of the urban area down to 20.5 km downstream the last point of sewage discharge, encompassing approximately 42 km. In this river section, the landforms go from low to medium hills with many rapids and waterfalls. The samples were collected from June 1999 to May 2000 and the water flow was measured on the two extremes of the studied river section. The results show that the dissolved oxygen values are reduced when receiving the sewage and it tends to slowly return to its normal saturation rate. On the other hand, the biochemical oxygen demand follows a reverse path, as a result of the natural phenomenon of self-restoration even though the organic material is not yet completely removed from the studied river section. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

The Trinity River flows through the Dallas-Ft. Worth Metroplex in north central Texas where it receives effluents from numerous point sources including seven large regional wastewater treatment facilities. Historically, the Trinity River has been impacted by massive wastewater loadings which often constitute > 80% of the total river discharge during low flow periods. Normally, high mass loadings correspond to the summer months, compounding the effects of a naturally stressful period, characterized by high temperatures and low dissolved oxygen concentrations. Samples from 12 stations were collected quarterly over an 18 month period from the Trinity River and two tributaries. Water samples were analyzed for a variety of water quality variables, including metals, priority pollutants, pesticides, and general water quality parameters. Water samples were also tested for acute and subchronic effects with several test species. Fish were collected at each station and assemblages were characterized using traditional classification techniques and the Index of Biotic Integrity. In addition, sediment samples were assessed for toxic effects which could have adversely impacted fish recruitment and in situ biomonitoring experiments were performed. Quantitative habitat characterization analyses were performed to gain additional information that could possibly explains differences in fish assemblage structure related to habitat variability. Data were analyzed using regression, univariate, multivariate, and descriptive statistical techniques and new approaches for analyzing impact assessment data were discussed. Results indicated that the most substantial impacts on fish assemblages were confined to a segment of the river where a sequence of point sources, in close proximity to each other, were overloading the river's capacity to sufficiently dilute and/or detoxify the effluent. Data also indicated the presence of episodic toxicity from nonpoint sources. In addition, toxic effects in sediment samples and differences in habitat were detected and may have contributed to measured differences among fish assemblages in the Trinity River.

No description available.

The object of the study was the pharmaceutical substance TRIAZID of the newest Russian antiviral drug azolo-azinovogo series containing nitro group. Objective: development and validation of the methodology for voltammetric determination of triazide in the pharmaceutical substance TRIAZID on a glassy carbon electrode. Analysis of literature data showed that in the case of biologically active nitro compounds, the most useful for quantitative determination is the electroreduction signal of the nitro group. The advantages of the signal include both the large amount of current generated per mole of the electroactive connection and the relatively low energy requirement for the reduction of the nitro group. This makes it possible to obtain a high current / concentration ratio at low recovery potentials. The conditions for obtaining an analytical signal of triazide on a glassy carbon electrode are optimized. A simple and expressive method for eliminating the interfering effect of dissolved oxygen with the help of sodium sulphite is proposed. / Объектом исследования служила фармацевтическая субстанция ТРИАЗИД новейшего российского противовирусного препарата азоло-азинового ряда, содержащего нитрогруппу. Цель работы: разработка и валидация методики вольтамперометрического определения триазида в фармацевтической субстанции ТРИАЗИД на стеклоуглеродном электроде. Анализ литературных данных показал, что в случае биологически активных нитросоединений наиболее полезным для количественного определения является сигнал электровосстановления нитрогруппы. К преимуществам сигнала можно отнести как большое количество тока, вырабатываемое на моль электроактивного соединения, так и относительно низкую потребность в энергии для восстановления нитрогруппы. Это позволяет получать высокое отношение ток / концентрация при низких потенциалах восстановления. Оптимизированы условия получения аналитического сигнала триазида на стеклоуглеродном электроде. Предложен простой и экспрессный способ устранения мешающего влияния растворенного кислорода с помощью сульфита натрия. Разработана и валидирована по актуальным требованиям Государственной Фармакопеи РФ XIII издания вольтамперометрическая методика определения триазида в фармацевтической субстанции ТРИАЗИД. Контроль содержания триазида по разработанной методике удовлетворяет заявленным критериям приемлемости, не требует дорогостоящего оборудования, привлечения высококвалифицированного персонала, отличается коротким временем анализа. При условии включения в фармстатью предприятия разработанный метод может применяться испытательными лабораториями предприятия в процессе производства препарата.

The present study evaluates the surface water quality in the canals of An Giang province in the period from 2009 to 2016. The results showed that surface water of the canals was contaminated by organic matter and microorganisms which makes it not suitable for water supply and conservation of aquatic life. The water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), orthophosphate (P-PO43-) and coliforms levels in the wet season were found to be higher than those in the dry season. The problem of organic and microorganic pollution over a long period of time without solutions leads to declines in water quality and then quantity as well. Agriculture is the main activity contributing to pollution of surface water in interior canals along with the activities of daily life, industry and services. This causes pollution of the surface water on Hau River due to its exchange of water with the connected canals. Good agricultural practices should be implemented to limit the pollution of surface water resources of the Mekong Delta. / Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá diễn biến chất lượng nước mặt trong các kênh rạch nội đồng của tỉnh An Giang trong giai đoạn 2009 – 2016. Kết quả cho thấy nước mặt tại các kênh rạch nội đồng đã ô nhiễm hữu cơ và vi sinh vật. Nguồn nước không phù hợp cho mục đích cấp nước sinh hoạt và bảo tồn thực vật thủy sinh. Các chỉ tiêu như hàm lượng oxy hòa tan (DO), nhu cầu oxy sinh hóa (BOD), tổng chất rắn lơ lửng (TSS), orthophosphate (P-PO43-) và coliforms trong mùa mưa cao hơn mùa khô. Vấn đề ô nhiễm hữu cơ và vi sinh vật diễn ra trong thời gian dài và chưa có giải pháp xử lý làm cho chất lượng nước suy giảm dẫn đến suy giảm về trữ lượng. Nông nghiệp là hoạt động chính góp phần làm ô nhiễm nguồn nước mặt trong các kênh rạch nội đồng bên cạnh các hoạt động sinh hoạt, công nghiệp và dịch vụ. Điều này dẫn đến nước mặt trên sông Hậu cũng có đặt tính ô nhiễm tương tự do trao đổi nước với các kênh rạch nội đồng. Thực hành sản xuất nông nghiệp thân thiện môi trường cần sớm được triển khai để hạn chế ô nhiễm nguồn nước mặt quan trọng của khu vực đồng bằng sông Cửu Long.

Maintaining dissolved oxygen concentrations under different operating schemes (constant, manual or automated aeration control) was evaluated in 20 earthen catfish ponds ranging from 0.04 to 0.07 hectares in size. Ponds were assigned to treatments based on achieving equal distribution of biomass among treatments. Catfish weighing approximately 0.11 kg each were stocked at a rate of 14,820 catfish/hectare and were fed, to satiation, a 36% crude protein floating feed for the first week and switched to a 32% crude protein floating feed for the remainder of the study. Percentage weight gain, FCR and survival were calculated but did not differ among treatments. A partial enterprise budget analysis was generated to determine comparative value of different aeration techniques relative to production costs. Mean partial net returns did not differ among treatments. Complete comparison was not possible due to failure of automated monitors to record DO and to operate aerators under designed protocols.

No description available.

<p>An electro-optical sensor module was designed to monitor the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) using the method of frequency domain fluoroscopy. Frequency domain fluoroscopy is an optical method that detects the concentration of an analyte by indirectly monitoring the fluorescent lifetime decay. A planar film containing oxygen sensitive fluorophores interacts with a liquid solution, where the percent DO dictates the fluorescent lifetime decay. Amplitude modulated LED emission is created using an electrically implemented oscillator, exciting the oxygen sensitive fluorophores. The emission light from the fluorophores is detected by a photodiode and conditioned. The timing characteristics of the excitation and emission light waveforms are interpreted by a microcontroller. Time delay values have been correlated to actual percent DO values experimentally, and appropriate data modeling has been implemented for calibration purposes. This design is appropriate for application in bioreactors, presenting a functional and cost effective design. Future research can be performed to extrapolate the microcontroller platform to host a pH module, cell number module and glucose module, providing sufficient feedback to an automated bioreactor systems.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

From the Proceedings of the 1978 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 14-15, 1978, Flagstaff, Arizona / Algal growth and oxygen evolution at the soil -water interface of soil recharge basins intermittently flooded with secondary sewage effluent (SSE) produced diurnal fluxes in dissolved oxygen (DO) in the SSE and redox potentials (Eh) in the SSE and the surface soil of the basin. The maximum daily DO-% saturation in the SSE during flooding ranged from 30 to 450 %, depending on the length of flooding and seasonal effects of temperature and solar radiation. Diurnal cycles of Eh in the SSE and the top 0 to 2 cm of soil indicated that oxygen production by algae and bacterial nitrifying and denitrifying reactions at the soil-water interface are occurring daily for limited periods during flooding and that these reactions might contribute to the net-N removal and renovation of SSE by soil filtration.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Jadilson dos Santos Silva.pdf: 1437166 bytes, checksum: 723ebc6c8bde855f26e3c823527ecdcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The measurement and utilization of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR), or respiration rate, is very important in biological wastewater treatment process. The OUR provides information about the biological activity and may indicate the presence of the toxic elements capable of corrupting the system. Due to the lack of reliable real time sensors for measurement of the respiration rate, computer codes, based on estimation techniques, have been used to develop software sensors to overcome such difficulties. In this work a software sensor, using a Kalman Filter algorithm, is developed to estimate the OUR in an aerobic reactor, in which the dissolved oxygen concentration is controlled by aerators of on-off type triggered by pulse width modulation. Simulations and experimental results performed in a bench-scale activated sludge reactor are compared. It follows from the analysis of results, that the proposed method is able to estimate the OUR reliably and in real time. / A medição e a utilização da taxa de consumo de oxigênio (TCO), ou taxa de respiração, é muito importante para os processos biológicos de tratamento de águas residuais. A TCO fornece informações a respeito da atividade biológica e pode indicar a presença de elementos tóxicos capazes de comprometer a unidade de tratamento. Devido à carência de sensores confiáveis e em tempo real para a medição da taxa de respiração, programas de computador, baseados em técnicas de estimação, têm sido aplicados no desenvolvimento de sensores por software como uma alternativa para superar tais dificuldades. Neste trabalho um sensor por software, utilizando um algoritmo de Filtro de Kalman, é desenvolvido para estimar a TCO em um reator aeróbio no qual a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido é controlada por meio aeradores do tipo liga-desliga acionados por modulação por largura de pulsos. Simulações e resultados experimentais, obtidos em um reator de lodo ativado em escala de bancada, são comparados. Conclui-se, a partir da análise dos resultados, que o método proposto é capaz de estimar a TCO de forma confiável e em tempo real.