Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:53:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_dj_me_prud.pdf: 942528 bytes, checksum: 79881d8919e0c4343f418b36e12a09f8 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo geral da pesquisa é investigar princípios que norteiam o papel do Mediador Técnico Pedagógico (MTP) em cursos de formação continuada a distância de professores em serviço, numa abordagem contextualizada e reflexivo-afetiva. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, por ter como objetivo aprofundar o nível de compreensão de uma situação do contexto real e examinar o fenômeno de interesse em seu ambiente virtual. Nestes cursos de formação continuada a distância de professores, em sua maioria, encontra-se a participação do Mediador Técnico-Pedagógico (MTP), cujo papel é auxiliar pedagógica e tecnicamente o formador. No presente trabalho avaliou-se a participação do MTP do curso de aperfeiçoamento a distância Aprendizagem: Formas Alternativas de Atendimento, da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás, que interagiu semanalmente por meio do ambiente de aprendizagem a distância (e-Proinfo), procurando atuar como uma ponte segura entre o aluno e o formador de acordo com princípios teóricos que privilegiem a formação docente. Para a análise dos dados, os conteúdos foram recortados em elementos, denominados indicadores e, para elucidar a importância de cada indicador na atuação do MTP, buscou-se situações representativas para cada um deles dentro do conteúdo analisado. Os sujeitos participantes da pesquisa são os MTPs, formadores, cursistas e coordenadores. O plano teórico da pesquisa busca aportes na contextualização histórica da Formação de Professores a distância no Brasil até os dias atuais; nas teorias contemporâneas sobre a formação de professores e nos discursos veiculados nas produções teóricas das áreas da mediação pedagógica, contexto, reflexão e afetividade.... / The general objective of the research is to investigate the principles that rule the role of Pedagogical Technician Mediator (PTM) in courses of continuous teachers in work formation at distance, in a contextualized and reflexive-affective approach. It concerns a project of qualitative perspective, in a pattern of a case study, having the aim of examining carefully the understanding level of a real context situation, and analysing the interest phenomenum in its virtual environment. In these courses of continuous teachers' formation at distance, in its majority, it is detected the PTM participation, whose function is to help pedagogical and technically the former. In such a way, it was evaluated the PTMs participation in the improvement courses at distance Learning: Alternative Attendance Ways, help by the Education State Bureau of Goiás, that interacted weekly by means of a learning environment at distance (e-Proinfo) trying to act as a safe bridge between the student and the former, according to theorical principles that favour the scholar upbringing. For the data analysis, it was tried to cut out the contents into elements, called indicators. In order to make clear the importance of each indicator in the PTMs performance, representative situations for each of them are searched inside the analysed content. The research participative subjects are the PTMs, the formers, the course attendants and the co-ordinators...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Orientador: Maria Jose Rodrigues Faria Coracini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T13:17:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trifanovas_TerezinhaRivera_M.pdf: 852875 bytes, checksum: 1f64ccb89008f3c1d99f7d1d108dbc50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa é caracterizada pelo estudo de caso de um curso de idiomas, oferecido por uma empresa multinacional aos seus funcionários. A partir de uma perspectiva discursiva, empreende-se à análise dos e-mails trocados entre coordenadores, professores e alunos. Em termos gerais, objetiva-se a problematizar as relações de poder-saber em contexto virtual de gestão de ensino-aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira. Mais especificamente, visa-se a discutir o discurso de autonomia do sujeito em EaD; questionar o uso dos e-mails em contexto de gestão de ensino; e refletir sobre práticas discursivas naturalizadas de tecnologias do eu. Para isso, parte-se da hipótese de que o discurso pedagógico está totalmente permeado pelo discurso empresarial, de bases neoliberais, que considera a fórmula ¿gestão de qualidade¿ a resposta para o ensino de qualidade. Indaga-se, ainda, sobre o funcionamento do contexto de gestão de ensino de qualidade; a legitimação de mecanismos de relações de poder-saber e as conseqüências na constituição das subjetividades. O dispositivo analítico mostra que a constituição das subjetividades é resultante do agenciamento produzido a partir do exame, da vigilância e da confissão, no caso dos professores, e do perfil de autonomia, da conscientização e da delegação de responsabilidades, no caso do aluno. Sub-repticiamente, estes dispositivos discursivos, controlados sinopticamente, vão sendo internalizados e naturalizados pela repetição de práticas discursivas, a ponto de se tornarem invisíveis, ocultando, por isso, o exercício do poder que permite o agenciamento das subjetividades que engloba a todos como uma rede, em que uns controlam outros e vice-versa / Abstract: This research is a case study of a language course offered by a multinational company to its employees. From a discursive perspective we undertake an analysis of the emails exchanged amongst coordinators, teachers and students. In general terms, we intent to bestow a discussion of the power-knowledge relationship found in a virtual managerial context of teaching and learning English as a foreign language. More specifically, our purpose is to discuss the autonomy discourse of the subject in distance learning; to question the use of e-mails in managerial context of teaching; and to ponder about naturalized discursive practices of technology of the self. In order to achieve this, we begin with the hypothesis that the pedagogical discourse is totally entangled by the neoliberal corporate discourse which considers the ¿quality management formula¿ the answer to the quality teaching. In addition, we inquire about managerial context functionality of the quality teaching; about the legitimization mechanisms of power-knowledge relationship and about the consequences on the subjectivities constitution. The analytical device shows that the subjectivities constitution is the result of the agency produced from the exam, the surveillance and the confession, in the teachers¿ case, and from the autonomy profile, the awareness and responsibilities delegation, in the students¿ case. Underhandedly , these discursive devices, synoptically controlled, are going to be internalized and naturalized by the repetition of the discursive practices to the point to became invisible, hiding, due to this, the exercise of power which permits the subjectivities agency that involves everybody as an enmeshed effect where one controls the others and vice-versa / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

Orientador: Ana Lúcia Guedes-Pinto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T19:56:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreno_ElianaRodriguez_M.pdf: 1583181 bytes, checksum: d50fb7cf27d7a0414b30af7ed58dcbf8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Com a aprovação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional em 1996 foi legitimada a modalidade de educação a distância, sendo a ela atribuído equivalência aos cursos presenciais. Desde então temos assistido a uma ampliação significativa da oferta de cursos superiores a distância, especialmente para a formação de professores. Com isso, cada vez mais, Secretarias de Educação de todo país estão absorvendo nas redes públicas professores formados a partir dessa modalidade de ensino. Tal panorama despertou meu interesse na investigação sobre os diversos aspectos constitutivos da formação de professores tendo em vista essa nova modalidade: que desafios se apresentam aos docentes universitários para realizar a formação de professores a distância? Qual o papel do docente que não mais compartilha do mesmo espaço físico dos estudantes? Quais as mudanças nos modos de interação entre docentes e alunos e entre os próprios alunos decorrentes do uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação? Tendo em conta essas questões, procuro, por meio de pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, envolvendo a utilização de entrevistas orientadas pelos pressupostos da história oral, investigar como essas práticas de formação têm se constituído. Por meio das narrativas dos docentes universitários de cursos de pedagogia a distância, focalizo em seus dizeres, os modos de apropriação e de reinvenção dessa outra forma de ensino, que abrange artefatos específicos da prática formadora. A perspectiva teórica assumida para a análise se refere à história cultural pautando-se pelo conceito de tática apresentado por Certeau (2008) e no conceito de apropriação proposto por Chartier (2001). / Abstract: With the approval of Guidelines and Bases of National Education Law in 1996, distance learning was approved attributing to it equivalence of presential courses. Since then we have seen a significant increase in the number of distance college courses offered, especially for the teachers? formation. With this more and more teachers graduated this way are taken in by the Education Secretariats of the country for the public education system. Such scenario awoke interest of investigation in me about various constitutive aspects of teachers? formation having in view this new model: what are the challenges for the university teachers to carry out teachers? formation at distance? What is the role of the teacher who doesn?t share anymore the same space with the students? What are the changes in the ways of interaction among the teachers and students and among the students themselves as a result of the use of information technology and communication? Taking into account these questions, through qualitative research and interviews guided by prerequisites of oral history, I intend to look into how these practices of formation have been constituted. Through the narratives of university teachers of distance pedagogy courses, I focus on their narratives, the models of appropriation and re-invention of this type of education, which involves certain mechanisms of formation practice. The theoretical perspective taken for the analysis refers to the cultural history lined by the concept of tactic presented by Certeau (2008) and in the concept of appropriation suggested by Chartier (2001). / Mestrado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Mestre em Educação

Ao longo da história brasileira, a área da Educação esteve presente em diversas discussões políticas. Sabe-se que, ainda hoje, são necessárias muitas mudanças a fim de se promover sua almejada melhoria. Dessa forma, a formação de professores bem qualificados tem sido uma das principais medidas adotadas para alcançar o aprimoramento da Educação no país, sendo que, nos últimos 20 anos, a Educação a Distância (EAD) tem sido uma das preferências dos programas de governo para proporcionar tal formação. Nesse novo e conturbado cenário, a reflexão sobre a qualidade dos cursos de formação docente torna-se essencial, além do fato de que tais cursos devem estar adequados às especificidades do grupo que se deseja formar. Sendo assim, acredita-se ser necessário conhecer quem são os professores envolvidos nesses processos de formação, assim como suas motivações ao ingressarem em tais cursos. A partir dessas questões, como objetivo geral, a presente pesquisa pretendeu contribuir para a ampliação dos conhecimentos sobre a motivação de professores de Biologia em cursos de formação docente continuada na modalidade à distância. Como objetivos específicos, pretendeu-se: 1. Identificar as principais motivações dos professores (cursistas) para participarem do Curso de Especialização para Docentes de Biologia (EspBio) do programa Rede São Paulo de Formação Docente (RedeFor) e; 2. Investigar as concepções dos tutores sobre a motivação de tais cursistas, assim como estabelecer quais critérios esses tutores utilizaram para identificar tal motivação. Foram elaborados dois questionários, sendo que um deles foi respondido por 53 cursistas e o outro foi respondido por um grupo de 9 tutores. Como principais resultados, encontrou-se que as principais motivações para ingresso dos professores no EspBio estavam relacionadas à ampliação de conhecimentos e atualização na área de Biologia, além da ampliação de metodologias de ensino. Os docentes também consideraram a aprendizagem na modalidade à distância mais motivadora que a presencial devido à flexibilidade de tempo que a primeira oferece. Os tutores, por sua vez, elencaram como critérios para identificação de docentes motivados ao aprendizado o comportamento ativo dos mesmos (quando participam intensamente do que é solicitado), a busca de informações complementares ao curso, a assiduidade no ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, a preocupação com a qualidade do que era produzido além da preocupação em prestarem esclarecimentos ao tutor quando eventuais contratempos ocorressem. A partir dessa pesquisa acredita-se ser necessário um olhar mais atento para cursos de formação docente, sejam presenciais ou à distância, para que os mesmos possam atender às expectativas dos professores envolvidos, tornando tais cursos mais adequados às especificidades do grupo em questão. Além disso, acredita-se na importância da permanente a capacitação do tutor, já que o mesmo tem grande contribuição para o sucesso da EAD. Por fim, acredita-se que, apesar de os resultados da presente investigação somarem-se aos diversos trabalhos realizados na área em questão, espera-se que maiores estudos sobre o tema sejam realizados, a fim de se contribuir, efetivamente, para a melhoria dos cursos de formação docente. / Throughout Brazilian History, Education was present in many political discussions. It is known that, even today, many changes are necessary in order to promote their desired improvement. Thus, the well-qualified teachers learning has been one of the main measures adopted to achieve the improvement of Education in Brazil, where in the last 20 years, Distance Learning (DL) has been one of the preferences of government programs to provide teachers learning. In this new and troubled scenario, the reflection about the quality of teachers learning courses becames essential, beyond the fact that such courses should be appropriate to the specific group it want to form. Thus, it was believed that is necessary to know who are the teachers involved in these formation processing and such as their motivations to enrolling these courses. From these questions, the general objective of the present research is contribute to the expansion of knowledge about the motivation of biology teachers in teacher training courses in distance mode. As specific objectives, we intend to: 1 Identify the motivation of teachers (also called \"cursistas\" in this work) to participate in a specialization course for teachers of biology (EspBio) e; 2. Try to identify the tutors\' conceptions about the motivations of his cursistas, as well as establishing the criteria they used to identify such motivation. Two questionnaires were developed: one was answered by 53 teachers from São Paulo and the other one was answered by a group of nine tutors. As a result it was found that the greatest motivation declared by teachers was related to their improvement and updating knowledge in Biology, beyond the possibility of expands their teaching methodologies in this area. Teachers also considered learning in distance mode more motivating than the classroom because of the flexibility of time that the first offer. The tutors, in their turn, listed as a criterias to identify motivated teachers to learn the active behavior the teachers had in the course (when they participate intensely than is required), the search for additional information, attendance in the virtual learning environment, concern about the quality of what they had produced , besides concern about the clarifications to the tutor when any misadventure happen. From this research, it is believed that a closer look at teacher education courses be necessary, either presencial or at a distance, so that they can meet the expectations of the teachers involved, making these courses more appropriate to the specific group concerned. Furthermore, we believe in the importance of permanent tutor training because they have a great contribution to the success of Distance Learning, even though their role sometimes were neglected. Finally, we believed that, despite the results of this research add up to the various works carried out in the area in question, it is expected that further studies be conducted on the subject, in order to contribute effectively to the improvement of teachers learning courses.

O presente trabalho, através da produção e verificação de um conjunto de materiais e métodos, é uma proposta de uso do computador, conectado à Internet, no ensino médio de Física da rede pública do estado de São Paulo, visando a orientar os professores da área, quanto ao uso dessa tecnologia de comunicação em aulas presenciais. Para tanto, foi levado em conta o cotidiano do aluno como foco principal do conteúdo abordado; o reconhecimento das concepções espontâneas dos alunos para a sua superação; o caráter de construção permanente da ciência, ao abordar aspectos históricos; e o reconhecimento da Física moderna e contemporânea. O desenvolvimento do mesmo, não só contou com o resultado de algumas pesquisas publicadas, seja no campo específico de ensino de Física, ou na área de educação à distância, como teve também por base análise de experiências feitas em sala de aula. O estudo mostra que para as escolas nas quais a infra estrutura existente é satisfatória, o computador e a Internet são recursos consideráveis para se obter um melhor desempenho do aluno no aprendizado de Física, desde que sejam aplicados com métodos e materiais mais interativos. Deste modo, a aula e a própria disciplina ficam mais atrativas. Por outro lado, para as escolas, cuja infra-estrutura é insuficiente e inadequada, a Internet ligada ao computador são recursos que por si só não contribuem para uma mudança significativa no ensino desta disciplina, havendo necessidade do professor mudar sua atitude frente ao uso destes recursos tecnológicos e da própria aula apresentar um caráter investigativo / The present work, related to the production and verification of a set of materiais and methods, is a proposal of the use of computers, connected to the Internet, in the medium levei of Physics courses of public schools of São Paulo State, looking to a guide for the teachers, with relationship to the use of that communication technology inside the classes. We taking finto account the quotidian of the student as main focus of the approached content; the recognition of the students\' spontaneous conceptions; the character of permanent construction of the science, approaching to historical aspects; and, the modern and contemporary Physics. The development of the work, not only related with the result of some published researches, in the specific field of teaching of Physics, or in the area of distance education, as also had for base experiences done in classroom. The study shown that for the schools, in which the existent infrastructure is satisfactory, the computer and the Internet are considerable resources to obtain a better acting of the student in Physics learning, since with the applications of interactive methods and material. In this way, the class and the own discipline are more attractive. On the other hand, for the schools, whose infrastructure is insufficient and inadequate, the Internet linked to the computer is a resource that by itself doesn\'t contribute for a significant change in the teaching of this discipline. It is necessary a change in the altitude of the teacher front to the use of that new technological resources

This dissertation discovered the factors influencing how students value asynchronous Web-based courses through the use of qualitative methods. Data was collected through surveys, observations, interviews, email correspondence, chat room and bulletin board transcripts. Instruments were tested in pilot studies of previous semesters. Factors were identified for two class formats. The asynchronous CD/Internet class format and the synchronous online Web based class format. Also, factors were uncovered for two of the instructional tools used in the course: the WebCT forum and WebCT testing. Factors were grouped accordingly as advantages or disadvantages under major categories. For the asynchronous CD/Internet class format the advantages were Convenience, Flexibility, Learning Enhancement, and Psychology. The disadvantages included Isolation, Learning Environment, and Technology. For the synchronous online Web based class format the advantages were Convenience, Flexibility, Human Interaction, Learning Enhancement and Psychology, whereas the disadvantages included Isolation, Learning Environment and Technology. Concurrently, the study revealed the following factors as advantages of the WebCT Forum: Help Each Other, Interaction, Socialization, Classroom News, and Time Independent. The disadvantages uncovered were Complaints, Technical Problems and Isolation. Finally, advantages specified for the WebCT testing tool were Convenience, Flexibility and Innovations, and its disadvantages were Surroundings Not Conducive to Learning, and Technical Problems. Results indicate that not only classroom preference, learning style and personality type influence how students value a Web based course, but, most importantly, a student's lifestyle (number of personal commitments, how far they live, and life's priorities). The WebCT forum or bulletin board, and the WebCT testing or computerized testing were seen mostly by students, as good tools for encouraging classroom communication and testing because of the convenience and flexibility offered. Still, further research is needed both quantitatively and qualitatively to ascertain the true weight of the factors discovered in this study.

Background. Under the current situation, distance education has rapidly become popular among students and teachers. This educational situation has changed the traditional way of teaching in the classroom. Under this kind of circumstance, students will be required to learn independently. But at the same time, it also brings some drawbacks, and teachers cannot obtain the feedback of students’ engagement in real-time. This thesis explores the feasibility of applying a lightweight model to recognize student engagement and the practicality of the model in a distance education environment. Objectives. This thesis aims to develop and apply a lightweight model based on Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) with acceptable performance to recognize the engagement of students in the environment of distance learning. Evaluate and compare the optimized model with selected original and other models in different performance metrics. Methods. This thesis uses experiments and literature review as research methods. The literature review is conducted to select effective CNN-based models for engagement recognition and feasible strategies for optimizing chosen models. These selected and optimized models are trained, tested, evaluated and compared as independent variables in the experiments. The performance of different models is used as the dependent variable. Results. Based on the literature review results, ShuffleNet v2 is selected as the most suitable CNN architecture for solving the task of engagement recognition. Inception v3 and ResNet are used as the classic CNN architecture for comparison. The attention mechanism and replace activation function are used as optimization methods for ShuffleNet v2. The pre-experiment results show that ShuffleNet v2 using the Leaky ReLU function has the highest accuracy compared with other activation functions. The experimental results show that the optimized model performs better in engagement recognition tasks than the baseline ShuffleNet v2 model, ResNet v2 and Inception v3 models. Conclusions. Through the analysis of the experiment results, the optimized ShuffleNet v2 has the best performance and is the most suitable model for real-world applications and deployments on mobile platforms.

The provision of school equivalency programme through Open and Distance Learning (ODL) has gained momentum in the 21st century through the establishment of open schools. Open schools has now become a model of choice for many young people and adults who do not want to pursue their secondary education journey through the conventional delivery system. Additionally, shrinking financial resources have made it impossible for governments especially in the developing world to expand education through the conventional system. Pityana (2007) claims that ODL is key in advancing the development agenda of many nations through programmes that accommodate the less privileged members of the society such as women, the unemployed, repeaters, out-of-school youth, disadvantaged and the displaced. Although open schools have made progress in increasing access, low throughput rates and high dropout rates remain the key challenges. The purpose of this study was therefore to explore the experiences and perceptions of learners when migrating from the conventional school system to the open and distance learning in general, and to Namibian College of Open Learning (NAMCOL) in particular. This study was driven by the assumption that change in the learning environment might be the most influential factor on learners’ ability to integrate into the new distance learning environment. The study mainly focused on the senior secondary (Grade 12) learners who transferred from the formal schools to NAMCOL to upgrade their grades. Moore’s (1883) theory of transactional distance and Tinto’s (1997a) theory of academic and social integration were used as the reference theoretical framework. The applicability of the two theories was assessed and compared with the findings of the study. A multi method research design was applied in data collection. The results of the study identified a gap between the learners’ expectations and the high ODL expectations and its demands. The learners in the study displayed a marginal understanding of the ODL mode of delivery. The study established certain factors that impede or accelerate the integration process and also identified technology mediated services as well as capacity building for staff as measures to facilitate learner integration in the ODL mode of delivery. The study reaffirms that meeting learners’ academic, social and psychological needs are important for successful learner integration. The findings have implications for policy makers, ODL practitioners and learners on the development of the most effective measures of increasing learner integration into open schools. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Education Management and Policy Studies / PhD / Unrestricted

Thesis (PhD. Ed. (Curriculum Studies) --University of Limpopo, 2019 / The Natural Learning Approach (NLA), commonly referred to as ‘unschooling’, is deeply embedded in the belief that children have an innate desire to learn. Therefore, the notion of autonomy and freedom of the learner in the learning and living process is highly valued and the cornerstone of this approach. The home and the child’s broader environment become the authentic space for the unfolding and implementation of the NLA, where learning and living is a seamless experience. This study examined how the individual and the family go about creating their unique ‘curriculum’, how learning happens, and how families negotiate the challenges of this approach. Using a mixed methods research design, a questionnaire was used to collate quantitative data, and a sample of ten families (parents and children) and seven young adults contributed to the qualitative data; documents were also used as part of the qualitative strand. Content, thematic and critical analysis were used to analyse the data to gain and provide a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. The research evidence of this study evinced that diverse, vibrant, holistic and joyful learning is taking place in the NLA homes. Families shared how authentic learning took place when children directed their own learning process and where the diversity of each unique human individual is valued and empowered. Furthermore, the study attested the key role of the parents in the child’s development and wellbeing. Possibilities of how this approach can be extended to broader society under the notion of a learning society is also proposed. Recommendations and further research suggestions are outlined so that possibilities of the NLA becoming the key learning approach to birth a vibrant learning society in South Africa is realised.

The present study aims to declare strategies that a higher education institute (namely TEI of Athens) could apply, in order to dynamically offer distance learning courses and certifications. The study introduces distance learning, focusing not only on technology but also on its significance for students and adult professionals who are looking to enhance their knowledge and skills as well as advantages and disadvantages this may have. In order to define the axles upon which the proposed strategy will be set, a distance learning planning template is presented, in order to clarify recommendations that should be made for a successful distance learning implementation. Moreover, it presents the associated research carried out; the methodology used and finally presents the summary of its outcomes. The outcomes are merged with the planning template, and a set of suggestions is finally made to the institution, that may assist to a successful implementation of a potential distance learning implementation.