Abstract: Among public tax authorities, in addition to economic booming, the work performance of tax collector is the major point of deciding the variation of tax collection. Whether a tax collector shows his organizational citizenship behavior is the key resource of edge in public organizational competition. The effect on the members¡¦ metal sense and their own working attitudes enable the encouragement of these members¡¦ organizational citizenship behavior to render the first business of managers. Many studies discover that a tax collector acknowledges the organizational justice can influence both individual and organizational results, as well as the performance of the trust in their superiors and colleagues or organizational citizenship behavior. This research probes into related document, and construes a tax collector¡¦s mental sense with organizational justice to construct a theoretical model with the research ideas, such as trust and organizational citizenship behavior, taking Ministry of Finance, National Tax Bureau of Kaohsiung City as research subjects, furthermore to take organizational equity (including distributional equity, procedure equity) as self-variable item, trust (including trust to superior and colleagues) as intermediary variation, organizational citizenship behavior (including justice, helping colleagues, no producing quarrels or pursuit of fame, obey the rule and solid, identifying the organizations) as variable item to discuss the correlation and effect among individual tendency variation, organizational justice, trust and organizational citizenship behavior in order to offer references for public resource development, and further upgrade the service efficiency of public servants. This research has handed out 707 questionnaires with 415 effective copies, and through the statistical analysis, such as Independent test, One-way ANVOVA, Person Correlation Analysis, and Hierarchical Multiple Regression , we get the significant discoveries as follows: 1. It presents a direct relation and influence on each dimension of organizational equity, trust and organizational civil behavior. 2. Public servant¡¦s characteristics, such as sex, marriage, age, seniority, and education degree and director levels, influence obviously distributional justice of organizational justice, procedural justice, trust and organizational civil behavior. 3. Through level multiple regression analysis, trust holds a media relation toward organizational justice and organizational civil behavior, that is, the organizational justice factor indeed influences organizational civil behavior through the intermediary of trust. Based on reality prove that when a public servant put more emphasis on a tax collector and reaches a status of fair distribution, a tax collector senses the trust toward public institute and furthermore perform organizational civil behavior. This research suggests to enhance the interaction between directors and employees, establish effective questioning authority system, value on just promotional and rewarding systems, advocate the achievement evaluation of interactive fair OCB (Organizational Civil Behavior), etc.

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Stakeholder theory has transcended academia and is infiltrating boardrooms all over the world. However, the literature is divided and lacks a coherent narrative of stakeholder value creation. The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate the merits of stakeholder management by examining the arguments used by stakeholder researchers. Using argument analysis an overview of the field is created which describes the preconditions, mechanisms and moderators of value creation facilitated by stakeholder management.

Everyone will probably be given healthcare at some point in life, and might ask themselves how and why the healthcare is distributed the way it is in Swedish society. I also believe this is a matter where one would like the distribution of healthcare to be just. When I have read about different distribution theories, I have noticed similarities between the healthcare in Sweden and Rawls theory of justice, and the aim of this paper is to compare the Swedish ethical consideration on healthcare distribution with Rawls’s ideas. I find the three ethical principles stated by the Swedish Health Care and Medical Priorities Commission conform quite well with Rawls’s two principles of justice. They agree on equal healthcare distribution of resources on a population scale and that the ones in most need should be prioritised. Although, Rawls and Norman Daniels believe that only the equal opportunity to healthcare in order to strive for one’s life plans is valued, while the ethical principle of Swedish healthcare also adds an egalitarian adjustment of resources to people not living healthy. Normans’ interpretation of Rawls ideas argues to elevate individuals’ health to what is thought of as normal biological functioning, while my interpretation of Swedish ethical principles do not forbid elevating beyond the normal functioning. It might be impossible to make an ideal distribution of healthcare completely just, but I believe the Swedish healthcare distribution would be more just if it adheres more to Rawls’s principle of justice.

Urban greening holds the promise of fostering crucial socio-environmental benefits for city residents. Unfortunately, urban greening interventions tend to ignore deeply rooted patterns behind urban injustices. The lack of an equity perspective when implementing urban greening has been shown to result in the displacement and exclusion of marginalized groups due to increased housing costs and property values, adding a new form of environmental injustice. Despite this, urban greening interventions and polices often embrace a discourse promoting the greening of cities as a "win-win" solution, which can be harmful and important to acknowledge to avoid justifying greening projects that result in negative social implications. Hence, this study conducts a discourse analysis of various policies published by the European Commission promoting urban greening to examine how urban greening is discursively used and framed. To avoid adding new injustices, there is a need to center environmental justice concerns in research on urban greening. Environmental justice encompasses three interrelated dimensions: distributional, recognitional, and procedural justice. However, research on urban greening tends to focus on the distributional dimension. To contribute to filling this research gap, the thesis also conducts a thematic content analysis to examine how the multiple dimensions of environmental justice are considered within the European Green Capital’s urban greening policies. The study’s findings shed light on harmful discourses and a lack of consideration for particularly recognitional justice in urban greening policies, pointing to the need for policy discourses that problematize urban greening interventions and center environmental justice concerns.

Denna uppsats ämnar studera miljörättvisa i Stockholms län genom att undersöka om det finns skillnader inom länet gällande miljökvalitet, och huruvida det i så fall finns ett samband mellan miljökvalitetsfaktorer och socioekonomiska faktorer. En GIS-baserad metod i kombination med statistiska analyser användes för att besvara frågeställningarna. Parametrarna bullernivåer, kvävedioxid- samt partikelhalter och närhet till grön- och vattenområden studerades i relation till inkomst, sysselsättning och utbildning i korrelationsanalyser. Observationerna bestod av Stockholms läns 1287 demografiska statistikområden. Analyserna utfördes på hela länet samt kompletterades av analyser där observationerna i Stockholms innerstad exkluderades. Relativa miljökvalitetsrankingar och socioekonomiska rankingar skapades och visualiserades med kartor. Studien visar en mycket svag korrelation mellan låg socioekonomisk status och sämre miljökvalitet, ett samband som blir starkare när innerstaden exkluderas. Alla studerade socioekonomiska variabler korrelerade med avstånd till vatten, ett resultat som indikerar att avståndet till vattenområden är längre i socioekonomiskt svaga områden. Undersökningen påvisar även att socioekonomiskt svaga områden har högre bullernivåer men en större närhet till grönområden jämfört med socioekonomiskt starka områden. Exkluderandet av Stockholms innerstad påverkade sambandsstyrkan för samtliga variabler vilket indikerar att inom innerstaden är den socioekonomiska nivån generellt hög medan den miljömässiga generellt är låg. / This paper aims to study environmental justice in the Stockholm region by examining whether there are differences concerning environmental quality within the region and, if so, whether there is a correlation between the socioeconomic variables and the variables of environmental quality. A GIS-based method in combination with statistical analyses has been used to answer the research questions. Noise pollution, levels of nitrogen dioxide and particles, as well as distance to greenspace and waterbodies were studied in relation to income, employment and education in correlation analyses. The observations consisted of the 1287 demographic statistic areas in Stockholm region. The analyses were made on the entire region as well as complemented by analyses where the inner city of Stockholm had been excluded. Relative rankings of the areas based on environmental quality as well as socioeconomic standard were made and visualised with maps. The study shows a very weak correlation between lower socioeconomic standard and worse environmental quality, a correlation that strengthens when the inner city is excluded. All examined socioeconomic variables correlated positively with distance to water, indicating that the distance to water is greater in areas with lower socioeconomic standard. The study also shows that areas with lower socioeconomic standard have higher levels of noise pollution but a shorter distance to greenspace compared to areas with a higher socioeconomic standard. The exclusion of Stockholm inner city affected the correlation for all examined variables, indicating that socioeconomic standard within the inner city is generally high, while the environmental quality is generally low.