京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第25026号 / 地環博第248号 / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎環境マネジメント専攻 / (主査)教授 宇佐美 誠, 准教授 TRENCHER Gregory, 教授 竹内 憲司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) are established all around Tanzania, giving the incentive to local communities to preserve nature, and simultaneously promoting socio-economic development for the local communities. Having a capability approach, this paper is leveraging theories of justice in order to establish a perception of local communities freedom to improve their well-being in ways they see fit their wills. Through semi-structured interview, and literature review, I found the local communities' inclusion within the WMA is regarded as important as important infrastructure could thus be established, however, from perspectives of justice, local communities ́capability to freedom of choice are diminishing. This is demonstrated in the occurrence of wildlife damage on villages crops and livestock, and most notably the villages themself. The paper argues that there is a lack of recognition of the local communities from external stakeholders, hence affecting their capability to participate in decision-making. The development of the local communities are very much dependent on the interest of investors, and hence the need for government regulations of participatory processes are demonstrated.

Urban greening holds the promise of fostering crucial socio-environmental benefits for city residents. Unfortunately, urban greening interventions tend to ignore deeply rooted patterns behind urban injustices. The lack of an equity perspective when implementing urban greening has been shown to result in the displacement and exclusion of marginalized groups due to increased housing costs and property values, adding a new form of environmental injustice. Despite this, urban greening interventions and polices often embrace a discourse promoting the greening of cities as a "win-win" solution, which can be harmful and important to acknowledge to avoid justifying greening projects that result in negative social implications. Hence, this study conducts a discourse analysis of various policies published by the European Commission promoting urban greening to examine how urban greening is discursively used and framed. To avoid adding new injustices, there is a need to center environmental justice concerns in research on urban greening. Environmental justice encompasses three interrelated dimensions: distributional, recognitional, and procedural justice. However, research on urban greening tends to focus on the distributional dimension. To contribute to filling this research gap, the thesis also conducts a thematic content analysis to examine how the multiple dimensions of environmental justice are considered within the European Green Capital’s urban greening policies. The study’s findings shed light on harmful discourses and a lack of consideration for particularly recognitional justice in urban greening policies, pointing to the need for policy discourses that problematize urban greening interventions and center environmental justice concerns.

En effektiv klimatomställning kräver aktiv inkludering av rättvisa i forskningen och att specificera hur samhällsgrupper särskilt påverkade av klimatomställningen definierar rättvisa. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva vad människor bosatta på landsbygden upplever är en rättvis klimatomställning samt att förstå vad som krävs för att åstadkomma en rättvis klimatomställning. Fokusgrupper har genomförts och analyserats utifrån olika dimensioner av rättvisa som utgör begreppet rättvis omställning; rättvis fördelning, proceduriell rättvisa, rätt till erkännande, rumslig rättvisa och rättvis bild av landsbygden. Resultatet visar att landsbygdsbor inte upplever rättvisa utifrån någon av dimensionerna och att åtgärder behöver vidtas för att de ska göra det. Vad som krävs är för att åstadkomma rättvisa i klimatomställningen är att beakta och ta hänsyn till landsbygdens skilda förhållanden, att värdera landsbygdens välmående och att prioritera utveckling av landsbygden. Resultaten bidrar också till att utveckla begreppet rättvis omställning. / An effective low-carbon transition requires an active inclusion of justice in research to specify how societal groups especially impacted by the low-carbon transition defines justice. The aim of this essay is to describe what people living in rural areas experience as a just transition and to understand what is required to achieve a just transition. Focus groups have been conducted and analysed through different dimensions of justice that make up a just transition; distributional justice, procedural justice, recognitional justice, spatial justice and a just image of the periphery. The results show that people living in rural areas does not experience justice through any of the dimensions and that action is needed for them to do so. What is required to achieve a just transition is to consider and take into account the different conditions specific to rural areas, to value the wellbeing of rural areas and to prioritize development in rural areas. The results also contribute to develop the concept just transition. / Inkluderande klimatomställning – dialoger om att leva hållbart bortom staden