The aim of the thesis was assess the usefulness of different methods of technical and fundamental analysis in the trading of securities on the stock exchange. Choose the appropriate investment strategy for a particular industry.First has been performed a calculation of the theory efficient markets. For this purpose has been used two tests, correlation tests and runs test. The theory of market efficiency was demonstrated. But still has been performed the calculation of active strategies.Then was made the technical analysis. We used moving averages and oscillators, RSI, ROC and momentum. Based on these tests, we can´t select an appropriate investment strategy.Final test was carry out with using fundamental analysis. Fundamental analysis consist from testing addiction of revenue at coefficient alfa. Sector services shown 0. And at other sectors amount to possitive values. In last of all I advised pasive strategy.

The subject of this thesis is a technical analysis as a specific method for prediction of the future trend of equities. The topic is introduced by an analysis of investment opportunities in markets in the Czech Republic and in the world, by a comparison of analytical methods. The main part consists of exploration and description of selected indicators of technical analysis. On their basis business strategies are created and reflected in automated trading systems. These strategies are subject of testing on historical data and of subsequent optimization to maximize potential profitability. The results of testing are summarized and evaluated in the final phase of this thesis that also analyzes advantages and shortcomings of the technical analysis and gives an idea for further investigation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1401888 bytes, checksum: b42ad9ebc33bc9b9e8aa504e4476c14e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work deepens the discussion in the Technical Analysis field, aligning it premises to the theoretical framework of Behavioral Finance. In this purpose, this paper aimed to make, for the period between the years of 2007 and 2008, an empirical study of the brazilian stock market in the light of Technical Analysis and Behavioral Finance, as well as verifying the performance of technical index as auxiliary instrument for the decision taking. This way, the work is divided in two parts. In the first part, adopting the complementarity hypothesis of behavioral-technique approach in the process of analysis and taking of decision in the stock market, is aimed to establish a relation between Technical Analysis (Dow Theory and Elliott Waves Theory) and Behavioral Finance assumptions in the interpretation of the subprime crisis in the Brazilian stock market, through a documentary research with referring information of the years 2007 and 2008, crisis development period. The results had evidenced the utility of these theories, not only for the analysis of the subprime crisis consequences, as, also, for the examination of financial market agent s behavior in a historical perspective of larger reach. In the second part, adopting the hypothesis that the technical index are capable to assist the investors in the process of decision taking, had been refined the performances of the Exponential Moving Average, Moving Average Convergence/Divergence, Relative Force Index, Stochastic and Directional System, using as base, Brazilian s stock market data referring to the year of 2007. The research results demonstrated that the Assertiveness (A) of the purchase signals is superior to the Assertiveness (A) of the sales signals the results had demonstrated as well, the uselessness of Directional System (DS) as beeper of the market s predominant trend. / Este trabalho aprofunda a discussão no campo de estudos da Análise Técnica, alinhando suas premissas ao arcabouço teórico das Finanças Comportamentais. Neste intuito buscou-se realizar, para o período compreendido entre os anos de 2007 e 2008, um estudo empírico do mercado brasileiro de ações à luz da Análise Técnica e das Finanças Comportamentais, bem como verificar o desempenho de indicadores técnicos como instrumento auxiliar para a tomada de decisão. Desta forma, o trabalho encontra-se dividido em duas partes. Na primeira parte, adotando a hipótese de complementaridade das abordagens técnica-comportamental no processo de análise e tomada de decisão no mercado de ações, busca-se estabelecer uma relação entre os pressupostos da Análise Técnica (Teoria Dow e Teoria da Ondas de Elliott) e das Finanças Comportamentais na interpretação da crise subprime no mercado de ações brasileiro, através de uma pesquisa documental com informações referentes aos anos de 2007 e 2008, período de desenvolvimento da crise. Os resultados evidenciaram a utilidade destas teorias, não só para a análise dos reflexos da crise subprime, como, também, para o exame do comportamento dos agentes do mercado financeiro numa perspectiva histórica de maior alcance. Na segunda parte, adotando a hipótese de que os indicadores técnicos são capazes de auxiliar os investidores no processo de tomada de decisão, foram apurados os desempenhos dos indicadores Média Móvel Exponencial, Convergência/Divergência da Média Móvel, Índice de Força Relativa, Estocástico e Sistema Direcional, tomando como base dados do mercado de ações brasileiro referentes ao ano de 2007. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a Assertividade (A) dos sinais de compra é superior à Assertividade (A) dos sinais de venda, bem como apontaram a inutilidade do Sistema Direcional (SD) enquanto sinalizador da tendência predominante do mercado.

波浪理論是由 Nalph Nelson Elliott在1938年所發表的價格趨勢分析工具，它也是近年來技術分析界運用相當廣泛的一種工具。艾略特認為：「不管是股票或是任何商品價格的波動，都與大自然潮汐一樣，具有一種相當程度的規律性。」。其實這個原理和產業周期循環也很接近，運用於越多人參與的市場會越準確，因為人性也是一種大自然的現象。 台灣加權股價指數是以民國55年為基期100來編製，本文雖由民國55年談起，但由於資料繁多，故集中採用民國76年1月至民國95年12月的二十年資料做為資料收集期間，以艾略特波浪理論的原則找出在台灣股市的應用規則，進而推演出未來的走勢。 / Wave Principle is a trend analysis method that was developed by Nalph Elliott in 1938. Today, the principle is one of the most widely adopted methods for technical analysis in finance. Elliott discovered that the ever-changing path of stock market prices reveals a structural design that in turn reflects a basic harmony found in nature. In fact this principle is also similar to industry cycle. When this principle is utilized in a market, especially when a lot of people participate in this market, the principle will be rather accurate, because humanity is also a natural phenomenon. The Taiwan Weighted Stock Index was at 100 in 1966, the base period. Although the discussion in this paper starts from 1966, due to the abundance of the data, I decide to focus my research on the recent twenty years. The purpose of this study is to identify the usability of Eilliott’s Wave Principle by applying it in Taiwan’s stock market and to figure out the trend for the future.

本文改良金融投資技術分析操作方法中, 傳統的「單一移動平均」選股法為「多重移動平均」選股法, 其係以道氏理論上, 所謂的市場同時存在三種趨勢 (主要趨勢, 次級趨勢, 小型趨勢) 為基礎, 建立多重時間架構, 輔以移動平均線為股價趨勢判斷, 以及葛蘭碧八大法則之股價突破 (或跌破) 判斷原則作為操作訊號, 所彚整而提出。實證上, 採用2014年12月31日台灣證券交易所公告之台灣50、中型100, 以及富櫃50成分股為樣本, 並以2001年1月1日至2014年12月31日為回溯期間。在進行策略交易的模擬分析與績效差異檢定後, 實證結果發現, 多重移動平均選股法投資策略績效, 在統計分析上並無法較單一周期投資策略績效為優, 但卻能有效過濾沒必要的交易行為, 使突破買進之假訊號降低, 間接的降低交易次數及減少交易成本。 / This study enhanced from the traditional single period moving average for stock selection into multiple-period moving average counterpart. The theoretical foundation comes from the Dow Theory, which states that there exist three trends simultaneously, that is, major trend, secondary trend, and minor trend. Also, the Granville Rules suggest stock price breaking out may serve as entry and exit signal for trading. Our sample are grouped into three subsamples, Taiwan 50, Mid-Cap 100, Gretai 50. The sample period ranges from 2001/1/1 to 2014/12/31. Our empirical backtesting and performance test suggests that, contrary to our expectations, the multiple period method does not outperform its single period counterpart. However, the multiple period stock selection method may filter out false signals, and thereby reduce not only possible price risk associated with noisy trades but the accompanying transaction costs. / 摘要 I Abstract II 致謝詞 III 目錄 V 圖次 VII 表次 VIII 第一章　緒論 1 第一節　研究背景及動機 1 第二節　研究目的 2 第三節　研究對象與範圍 2 第四節　研究流程 4 第二章　文獻回顧 6 第一節　技術分析理論 6 一、技術分析基本邏輯 6 二、技術分析主要的型態類型 7 第二節　移動平均線的原理 9 一、簡單移動平均線的計算 9 二、移動平均線的常見應用 9 第三節　多重移動平均理論及選股法 11 一、多重移動平均的原理 11 二、多重移動平均的選股模式 11 第四節　相關研究文獻回顧與評析 11 一、過去研究文獻 11 二、文獻評析 16 三、本文假說推論 16 第三章　研究方法 17 第一節　傳統移動平均線選股模式 17 第二節　YC指標選股模式 17 第三節　選股模式績效差異檢定 19 第四節　資料來源與變數選取 19 第四章　實證分析 20 第一節　操作策略績效估計 20 第二節　操作策略績效比較 28 第三節　多重策略模型之適性歸納–由規模的角度 36 第五章　結論與建議 43 參考文獻 44 中文部份 44 英文部份 46 參考網址 46 圖次 圖1-4-1 研究流程圖 5 圖2-1-1 型態類技術理論的基本分類 6 圖2-1-2 市場同時存在三種趨勢 7 圖2-1-3 K線的基本構造 8 圖2-2-1 葛蘭碧(Granville)八大法則概念圖 10 表次 表1-3-1 台股之台灣50成分股 2 表1-3-2 台股之中型100成分股 3 表1-3-3 台股之富櫃50成分股 3 表2-4-1 過去研究文獻的整理 14 表4-1-1 台灣50成份股總交易次數及成本 20 表4-1-2 中型100成份股總交易次數及成本 22 表4-1-3 富櫃50成份股總交易次數及成本 26 表4-1-4 單一與多重模式下交易次數與進出場交易成本彚整 28 表4-2-1 台灣50成份股總報酬及總報酬率 28 表4-2-2 中型100成份股總報酬及總報酬率 30 表4-2-3 富櫃50成份股總報酬及總報酬率 34 表4-2-4 單一與多重策略下的平均總報酬與平均總報酬率彚整 36 表4-3-1 多重策略下總報酬率與市值之迴歸分析 36 表4-3-2 多重策略下總報酬率與股本之迴歸分析 37 表4-3-3 台灣50股本前20%成份股之策略績效及差異比較 37 表4-3-4 台灣50股本後20%成份股之策略績效及差異比較 38 表4-3-5 中型100股本前20%成份股之策略績效及差異比較 39 表4-3-6 中型100股本後20%成份股之策略績效及差異比較 40 表4-3-7 富櫃50股本前20%成份股之策略績效及差異比較 41 表4-3-8 富櫃50股本後20%成份股之策略績效及差異比較 42

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1848162 bytes, checksum: 8d8c6d6ea96038f73be05f042425a488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The prices of securities traded on stock exchanges, as well as any other commodity in the financial market fluctuate naturally with the demand for these products. These oscillations, along with the asymmetry of information about the prices of these products generate volatility processes. Charles Dow in the early twentieth century created sector indexes, in which papers met the same area of activity, according to him, several indicators point to the same direction would be a sign that this really would be a tendency to drive the market, thus characterizing the Dow Theory. Ralph Nelson Elliott (1871-1948) studied the average prices of the Dow Jones Industrial and realized repetitions in the market changes, their observations were summarized in what became known as "The Wave Principle." Elliott developed his theory based on so-called Fibonacci sequence, discovered by Leonardo Pizza (Fibonacci) around 1200. In addition to the Dow Theory and the Theory of waves in this work was done using the Theory of Rationality of the agents as a complementary way to explain the decision process of investors, as happens in situations of uncertainty. A rational decision involves selecting the choice which has the largest expected return for a given level of risk. / Os preços dos ativos negociados em bolsas de valores, assim como qualquer outro tipo de commodity do mercado financeiro, oscilam naturalmente com a procura por esses produtos. Essas oscilações, juntamente com a assimetria das informações acerca dos preços desses produtos geram processos de volatilidade. Charles Dow, no início do século XX criou índices setoriais, nos quais reunia papéis da mesma área de atividade, segundo ele, se vários índices apontassem para a mesma direção seria um sinal de que realmente essa seria uma tendência de movimentação do mercado, caracterizando assim a Teoria de Dow. Ralph Nelson Elliott (1871-1948) estudou as cotações médias dos índices Dow Jones Industrial e percebeu repetições nas alterações do mercado, suas observações foram resumidas no que ficou conhecido como O Princípio da Onda . Elliott desenvolveu a sua teoria com base na denominada Sequência de Fibonacci, descoberta por Leonardo de Pizza (Fibonacci) por volta de 1200. Além da Teoria de Dow e da Teoria das Ondas, nesse trabalho, fez-se uso da Teoria da Racionalidade dos agentes como uma forma complementar para se explicar o processo de decisão dos investidores, dado que acontecem em situações de incerteza. Uma decisão racional implica em selecionar a escolha que apresente o maior retorno esperado para um dado nível de risco.

Submitted by Marcio Pintan (mpintan@gmail.com) on 2018-06-25T18:13:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 financas-pintan-dissertação versao final.pdf: 1855884 bytes, checksum: 0ac7f69afc81d4cea8446f01d309fd99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Mayara Costa de Sousa (mayara.sousa@fgv.br) on 2018-08-13T16:18:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 financas-pintan-dissertação versao final.pdf: 1855884 bytes, checksum: 0ac7f69afc81d4cea8446f01d309fd99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-08-13T16:25:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 financas-pintan-dissertação versao final.pdf: 1855884 bytes, checksum: 0ac7f69afc81d4cea8446f01d309fd99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T16:25:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 financas-pintan-dissertação versao final.pdf: 1855884 bytes, checksum: 0ac7f69afc81d4cea8446f01d309fd99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-25 / Esta dissertação trata das operações realizadas na BM&F BOVESPA chamadas comumente de 'Day Trading', ou seja, operações cuja compra (ou venda) e a liquidação são realizadas no mesmo dia. Tal questão é relevante, principalmente para o pequeno investidor, por possibilitar a otimização do resultado da sua carteira de investimento ao longo do tempo. O objetivo de pesquisa deste trabalho é apresentar e testar algumas técnicas utilizadas pelos operadores do mercado financeiro na modalidade 'Day Trading'. Em conjunto com a verificação das teorias de análise gráfica, o trabalho pretende conciliar tais técnicas preditivas com teorias de gestão de risco e de gestão de portfólio, nesse caso mais precisamente a teoria moderna de portfólio de Markowitz, de forma a testar a eficiência da combinação entre essas teorias no mercado de ações brasileiro, e se existe a possibilidade de otimização dos resultados que um investidor pode alcançar ao longo do tempo. Para atingir este objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa utilizando técnicas de análise gráfica baseadas em teorias amplamente conhecidas no mercado de capitais, como os Princípios de Ondas de Elliott e a Teoria de Dow. A partir dos indicadores de sucesso obtidos por essas técnicas preditivas (através de 'backtests'), o presente trabalho testa a efetividade das questões relativas a eficiência de mercado apresentadas nas Hipótese de Mercados Eficientes de Fama (1970). As principais conclusões desta dissertação sugerem que uma estratégia passiva, de compra e manutenção do Índice Bovespa, domina respectivamente estratégias baseadas na Teoria de Markowitz e estratégias ativas de Day Trading baseadas em análise técnica. Os resultados trazem uma grande contribuição para o pequeno investidor através de uma maior compreensão sobre possibilidades que as operações de curto prazo podem trazer para ao seu portfólio de investimentos e confirma a visão de que o mercado de ações brasileiro é eficiente em sua forma fraca. / This thesis deals with operations carried out on BM&F BOVESPA commonly called 'Day Trading', which are operations whose purchase (or sale) and settlement are carried out on the same day. This issue is relevant, especially for the small investor, because it allows the optimization of the result of their investment portfolio over time. The objective of this research is to present and test some techniques used by financial market traders in the 'Day Trading' modality. In conjunction with the verification of theories of technical analysis, the paper aims to reconcile such predictive techniques with theories of risk management and portfolio management, in this case more precisely the Modern Portfolio Theory of Markowitz, in order to test the efficiency of the combination between these theories in the Brazilian stock market, and whether there is a possibility of optimizing the results that an investor can achieve over time. To achieve this goal a quantitative research is performed using graphical analysis techniques based on theories widely known in the capital market, such as the Elliott Wave Principle and the Dow Theory. From the indicators of success obtained by these predictive techniques (through backtests), the present research explores aspects of market efficiency presented in the Efficient Market Hypothesis of Fama (1970). The main conclusions of this dissertation suggest that a passive buy and hold strategy of the Bovespa Index dominates respectively strategies based on Markowitz Theory and active day trading strategies based on technical analysis. The results make a contribution to the small investor through a better understanding of the possibilities that short-term operations can bring to their investment portfolios and confirms the view that the Brazilian stock market is efficient in its weak form.