The passage efficiency of downstream migrating brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts past two hydropower plants in the River Emån, southeastern Sweden, was evaluated by telemetry. From 26 April to 17 May 2005, 40 wild brown trout smolts were radio-tagged, and their positions were recorded daily until 14 June. Approximately 45% of the individuals passed both power plants, and 15% made it to the sea, some 28 km downstream of the power plants. About 20% of the individuals ceased migrating, residing in a lotic habitat. Mortality due to predation was 33%, and the predation rate was higher in the power plant dams than it was downstream of the power plants. Turbine-induced mortality was greater in the upper power plant (40%) than in the lower one (13%). Fish that chose the alternative routes, through the gates, swam past the upper dam faster than fish that swam through the turbines. The results confirm previous work in the river, namely that measures need to be taken to improve passage efficiency past the power plants, particularly passage of the upper power plant. Such measures are of crucial importance if the nature-like bypass channels at the power plants in Finsjö are going to have any long-term effects on the brown trout population. / Passageeffektiviteten för nedströms vandrande havsöringssmolt (Salmo trutta) förbi två vattenkraftverk i Emån, i sydöstra Sverige, utvärderades med telemetri. Från 26 april till och med 17 maj 2005 märktes 40 vilda havsöringssmolt med radiosändare och de positionsbestämdes dagligen till och med 14 juni. Ungefär 45% av individerna passerade båda kraftverken, och 15% klarade sig till havet, cirka 28 km nedströms kraftverken. Omkring 20% av individerna avbröt vandringen och stannade i ett lotiskt habitat. Mortalitet på grund av predation uppgick till 33%, och predationshastigheten var högre i kraftverksdammarna än nedströms kraftverken. Den turbininducerade mortaliteten var högre i det övre kraftverket (40%) än i det nedre (13%). Det gick fortare att passera den övre kraftverksdammen för fisk som valde de alternativa rutterna, genom dammluckorna, jämfört med att passera genom turbinerna. Dessa resultat bekräftar tidigare studier i ån, nämligen att åtgärder krävs för att förbättra passageeffektiviteten förbi kraftverken, i synnerhet passagen av det övre kraftverket. Sådana åtgärder är av avgörande betydelse om de naturlika fiskvägarna vid kraftverken i Finsjö ska få några långsiktiga effekter på havsöringspopulationen.

Plants are potential sources of valuable recombinant and native proteins that can be purified for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food applications. Transgenic rice and corn germ were evaluated for the production of novel protein products. This dissertation addresses: 1) the extraction and purification of the recombinant protein, human lysozyme (HuLZ), from transgenic rice and 2) the processing of dry-milled corn germ for the production of high protein germ and corn protein concentrate (CPC). The factors affecting the extraction and purification of HuLZ from rice were evaluated. Ionic strength and pH was used to optimize HuLZ extraction and cation exchange purification. The selected conditions, pH 4.5 with 50 mM NaCl, were a compromise between HuLZ extractability and binding capacity, resulting in 90% purity. Process simulation was used to assess the HuLZ purification efficiency and showed that the processing costs were comparable to native lysozyme purification from egg-white, the current predominant lysozyme source. Higher purity HuLZ (95%) could be achieved using pH 4.5 extraction followed by pH 6 adsorption, but the binding capacity was unexpectedly reduced by 80%. The rice impurity, phytic acid, was identified as the potential cause of the unacceptably low capacity. Enzymatic (phytase) treatment prior to adsorption improved purification, implicating phytic acid as the primary culprit. Two processing methods were proposed to reduce this interference: 1) pH 10 extraction followed by pH 4.5 precipitation and pH 6 adsorption and 2) pH 4.5 extraction and pH 6 adsorption in the presence of TRIS counter-ions. Both methods improved the binding capacity from 8.6 mg/mL to >25 mg/mL and maintained HuLZ purity. Processing of dry-milled corn germ to increase protein and oil content was evaluated using germ wet milling. In this novel method, dry-milled germ is soaked and wet processed to produce higher value protein products. Lab-scale and pilot-scale experiments identified soaking conditions that reduced germ starch content, enhanced protein and oil content, and maintained germ PDI (protein dispersibility index). Soaking at neutral pH and 25 degrees C maintained germ PDI and improved CPC yield from defatted germ flour. CPC with greater than 75% protein purity was produced using protein precipitation or membrane filtration.

Innovation ecosystem strategy is often adopted by platform technology owners to seek complementary innovation from resources located outside the firm to exploit indirect network effect. In this dissertation I aim to address the issues that are related to the formation and business value of platform innovation ecosystems in the enterprise software industry. The first study explores the role of three factors - increased payoff from access to platform owner's installed base, risk of misappropriation due to knowledge transfer, and the extent of competition - in shaping the decisions of third-party complementors to join a platform ecosystem. The second study evaluates the effect of participation in a platform ecosystem on small independent software vendors' business performances, and how their appropriability strategies, such as ownership of intellectual property rights or downstream complementary capabilities, affect the returns from such partnerships. Built upon resource based view and theory of dynamic capabilities, the third study reveals that users' co-innovation in enterprise information systems, measured by their participation in online professional community networks, constitute a source of intangible organizational asset that helps to enhance firm level IT productivity.

During the migration season in 2013 a study on spawning migrating salmon and the effect of water flow on the behavior was conducted of the salmon at the Forshaga hydropower station in the River Klarälven. The River Klarälven with its nine hydropower plants on the Swedish side, constituting migration obstacles for the migrating salmon. Fortum Generation AB has together with the County Administrative Board restored a salmon trap at the lowermost hydropower station in Forshaga, aiming at making it possible for the salmon to swim into the trap, and thereafter be transported by truck past the power plants and then continue their journey to the spawning grounds on their own. Unfortunately, it is believed that the trap does not work as well as it should. In this study, I focused on salmon position in relation to water flow and if the number of salmon that swam into the fish trap differed between salmon with previous experience of the trap (experienced) and salmon without experience (unexperienced). My results showed that there were significantly more inexperienced salmon that entered the trap than experienced salmon. The salmon, regardless of experience, chose a position where the flow was highest. To increase catches of salmon in the fish trap I suggest that one use more attraction water and keep the trap open more hours. My results should be of interest to managers as the trap efficiency has never been evaluated, and no earlier studies about the effect of salmon experience on trap efficiency exist. / Vandringssäsongen 2013 genomfördes en studie på lekvandrande lax och hur vattenflödet påverkade laxens beteende vid Forshaga kraftstation i Klarälven. Klarälven med dess 9 vattenkraftverk på den svenska sidan utgör vandringshinder för den lekvandrande laxen. Fortum har tillsammans med Länsstyrelsen renoverat en laxfälla i det mest nedströms liggande kraftverket i Forshaga. Syftet med fällan är att laxen ska simma in i fällan till en uppsamlingsbassäng och därefter köras med lastbil förbi kraftverken, för att därefter fortsätta vandringen på egen hand. Fiskfällans effektivitet är ifrågasatt och man vet inte hur effektiv den är. I denna studie fokuserade jag på laxens ståndplats i relation till varifrån det huvudsakliga flödet kom, samt om antalet laxar som simmar in i fiskfällan skiljde sig mellan lax med tidigare erfarenhet av fällan (erfaren) och lax utan erfarenhet av fällan (oerfaren). Mina resultat visade att det var signifikant fler oerfarna laxar än erfarna laxar som simmade in i fällan. Laxen, oavsett erfarenhet, valde ståndplats där flödet var som högst. För att öka fångsterna av lax i fiskfällan skulle mer lockvatten och fler timmar då fällan är öppen kunna bidra med mer fångst. Denna studie borde vara av intresse för inblandade aktörer i laxens förvaltning eftersom fällans effektivitet aldrig utvärderats tidigare, och dessutom har man inte studerat om tidigare erfarenhet av en fälla påverkar laxen.

The Regulation No. 1907/2006 on registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemical substances and on establishment of the European Chemicals Agency, the so-called REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances) came into effect on 1 June 2007. The purpose of the Regulation has been to ensure safe functioning of the market with chemical substances and preparations and protection of human health and environment against effects of toxic substances. After a complete implementation of the Regulation the only substances and preparations produced and used in the European Union will be those with known toxicological properties, including data about their impact on the health of future generations. The thesis focuses on the description of the REACH Regulation, schedule of its implementation and its potential benefits for the improved effectiveness of rescue and liquidation works performed by members of the Integrated Rescue Service (IZS). Due to very limited sources available at the early stage of REACH implementation, the method selected for the work was consultations with experts directly specializing in the REACH legislation, managers of pharmaceutical or chemical companies managing work with toxic substances and IZS members. Expert opinions have been collected about the legislation process and about the situation in the industry. The Fire Rescue Service uses databases Medis Alarm, Rozex Alarm, TEREX and Trins for planning and implementation of its interventions. In 2013 {--} 2020 I expect bigger quantities of data obtained within the REACH framework to be transmitted into those databases; in that period it will be necessary for the IZS members to become familiar with REACH and with the implemented methods of transmission of toxicological data and to be able to critically evaluate available databases when planning an intervention under conditions of a potential threat posed by toxic substances to the health of IZS members, to the population in the surroundings and to the environment. I recommend to start teaching REACH as a topic at specialized schools so that future graduates are familiar with REACH at least theoretically.

The importance of chemical use is enormous for areas such as agriculture, industry and medicine and hence a prerequisite for our modern society. In order to protect humans and the environment from the negative effects of chemical use, chemical regulations have been used at a relatively early stage in our history. The purpose of REACH, the new chemical regulation of the European Union, is to generate new knowledge of chemicals within the European market and to increase the responsibilities of the enterprises when it comes to risk management. Whether the enterprises will implement the regulations or not will be of vital importance for the realization of the law’s intentions. The purpose of this study was to identify possibilities and problems that can occur when a downstream-user SME is about to implement REACH. Case study is the method by which this study has been carried out. Further, the study includes 20 smaller interviews with focus on smaller enterprises to address the generalization of the case study and to investigate the knowledge about REACH within this group of enterprises. The results from the case study showed three aspects that were important for this enterprise in the implementation process; the chosen enterprise had an active trade organization, the enterprise was a formulator and the size of the enterprise. The results from the telephone interviews showed that 12 of 20 enterprises were not aware of the new legislation but that there are differences between the subgroups of downstream-users. All of the interviewed formulators were aware of the legislation and had also started to work active towards implementing it, within the group of professional users only one of the enterprises were aware of the legislation. Further the telephone interviews did not show any clearly connection between the size of the enterprises and the level of knowledge about the new regulation, something that has been shown in earlier studies. Hence, there is a risk that the lack of knowledge will have a negative impact on the overall goal of REACH; to contribute to a sustainable development. From the results of this study it is motivated with directed information within this group of enterprises to overcome the lack of knowledge and to increase the chance that REACH will be a valuable contribution to a sustainable development within the chemical sector.

Orientador: Everson Alves Miranda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T01:42:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robic_Goran_M.pdf: 2208429 bytes, checksum: 860e813410e0f18d21e22d51ca77e727 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Os trabalhos realizados utilizando plantas transgênicas como biorreatores para produção de proteínas recombinantes indicam que a cano Ia, o milho e a soja são candidatos de grande potencial. Apesar da semente de soja e suas proteínas serem sistemas bem estudados, não existem estudos sistemáticos e comparativos sobre da utilização da soja como um biorreator, no tocante à extração e purificação de proteínas recombinantes. Até hoje, segundo a literatura consultada, só existe uma tentativa de usar soja como biorreator (Russel et al., 2005), mas por causa da baixa expressão da proteína recombinante (hormônio de crescimento humano), este estudo aparentemente não teve continuidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, sob o ponto de vista de recuperação (extração) e purificação, sementes de soja como biorreatores para produção de proteínas recombinantes, usando b-glucuronidase recombinante (rGUS) como proteína modelo / Abstract: The work done on the field of using trasgenic plants as bioreactors indicates the soybean, canola and corn as a plants of choice. Although the extraction and purification of soybean seed proteins is well studied and the plant is relatively easy to transform, there is practically no study done with transgenic soybean seeds expressing recombinant proteins in terms of downstream processing. To our knowledge, soybean was used to produce human growth hormone (Russel et al., 2005), but the study of purification was not done due to the low expression level of that recombinant protein. The objective of this work to evaluate the soybean seeds, in terms of recuperation (extraction) and purification, as a bioreactor for production of recombinant proteins using b-glucuronidase (rGUS) as a model protein / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Orientador: Everson Alves Miranda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T23:00:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_LeonardoHenriqueFrancade_M.pdf: 992316 bytes, checksum: 57f2f7216633dfbabec7d916c3adb88d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A precipitação de proteínas através da adição de sais (por exemplo, o sulfato de amônio e cloreto de sódio) é uma técnica comumente utilizada em recuperação e purificação de proteínas. Contudo, a remoção de sais do precipitado e tratamento da solução remanescente contendo altas concentrações de sal são etapas limitantes, devido ao custo do processo e a regulamentação ambiental. O uso de eletrólitos voláteis é uma alternativa aos sais convencionais neste tipo de processo, visto permitirem um fácil processamento e redução do custo do tratamento de efluentes: os sais voláteis podem ser removidos com a redução de pressão ou elevação da temperatura. Neste trabalho foram determinadas as curvas de solubilidade para a lisozima e insulinas bovina e suína em soluções aquosas de sais voláteis, em sistema vedado contendo carbonato, carbamato e bicarbonato de amônio em equilíbrio com CO2 e NH3. Estas curvas de equilíbrio foram determinadas como função da concentração salina (1,00 a 7,00 mol.kg-1), da temperatura (5,0 a 25,0 °C), e razão nitrogênio por carbono (RN/C) (2,0 e 2,5) das soluções.O aumento do conteúdo de nitrogênio aumentou a solubilidade das proteínas que, de uma forma geral, apresentaram um comportamento de solubilidade retrógrada em relação à temperatura. Espectros de dicroísmo circular sugeriram uma pequena desnaturação causada pela precipitação / Abstract: Protein precipitation induced by salt addition (e.g., ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride) is a commoly used technique in the downstream processing of proteins. However, salt removal from the precipitate and disposal of the salt containing liquid phase are key steps of the process due to cost and environmental concerns. Volatile salts are alternatives to conventional salts in this process since they can allow easy processing and reduce the cost of waste disposal: the volatile salt can be removed by pressure reduction and temperature increase. In this work we reported the solubility curves for lysozyme and swine and bovine insulins in aqueous solutions of the volatile salts of the system comprised of ammonium carbonate, carbamate, and bicarbonate in equilibrium with CO2 and NH3. These equilibrium curves were determined as funciton of the salt concentration (1.0-7.0 mol/kg), temperature (5.0-25.0 ºC), and N/C ratio (2.0 and 2.5) of the solutions. The increase of the N content of the solutions increased the proteins solubility that in general had a retrograde solubility. Circular dichroism spectra suggested some denaturation caused by the procipitation / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Orientador: Telma Teixeira Franco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-28T03:46:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sousa_KathiaAssisde_M.pdf: 2724531 bytes, checksum: 3490f460776b8b8cf4564482c815165b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: Foram investigadas estabilidade frente a pH e temperatura e condições ótimas da enzima peroxidase do extrato bruto da casca da soja (Glycine max). Foi verificada a afinidade entre a enzima e íons cobre imobilizados no gel "Chelating Sepharose FastFlow" (CSFF) e também foi estudado o efeito do pH sobre a adsorção desta enzima. Foram construídas isotennas de adsorção para a peroxidase do extrato bruto de casca da soja e para as peroxidases padrão de soja e de nabo (horseradish), para verificar a capacidade máxima de adsorção do complexo CSFF-IDA-CU2+ para estas enzimas. Curvas de ruptura para a peroxidase do caldo bruto de casca da soja foram construídas para estudar a eficiência do complexo na adsorção da enzima. A purificação da peroxidase do extrato bruto da casca da soja foi estudada na coluna HR 5/5 empacotada com o complexo CSFF­IDA-CU2+ equilibrado com tampão fosfato de sódio O,IM a pH 6,0. Foi verificado que a peroxidase do extrato bruto da casca da soja apresentou condições ótimas de atividade a pH 4,5, mostrou-se estável por três horas em temperaturas entre 1 e 55°C. Foi observado que a adsorção mais seletiva da peroxidase do extrato bruto de casca da soja se deu a pH 6,0, quando 51% da enzima foi retida após dez minutos de contato entre a peroxidase e o complexo CSFF -IDA-Cu2+ a 25°C em tampão fosfato de sódio O,IM. A adsorção das peroxidases da casca da soja, padrão comercial de nabo e padrão comercial de soja no complexo CSFF-IDA-Cu2+ obedeceu ao modelo proposto por Langmuir. Com a construção das curvas de ruptura foi verificado que a pH 6,0 houve a melhor seletividade na separação da atividade de peroxidase, quando 96,9% de atividade foi recuperada. Na adsorção da peroxidase do extrato bruto da casca da soja na coluna HR 5/5 empacotada com CSFF-IDA-CU2+ a pH 6,0, foi obtido um fator de purificação de 5,9 vezes com um rendimento de 83,4% / Abstract: The conditions for the soybean hull peroxidase activity were investigated for pH and temperature. It was observed that the best pH for maximum activity was at 4.5, however the activity was only 5% reduced at pH values 5.0 and 5.5 and was 20% reduced for pH's between 6.0 and 7.0 and 45% reduced at pH 8.0. It was stable at this pH interval for four hours period, however, it lost 20% activity at pH 4.5 after one hour incubation. Best temperature for the enzyme active was 55 °C and it was stable from 1 to 55 °C for at least three hours. The affinity between the soybean hull peroxidase and copper ions immobilized in a solid matrix was investigated. The maximum capacity ofthe CSFF-IDA-CU2+ to interact with the enzyme was calculated by plotting the concentrations of the proxidase found in the liquid phase in equilibrium with the peroxidase concentrations found in the solid phase (isotherms). Breakthrough curves were built to study the efficiency ofCSFF-IDA-CU2+ bed to adsorb the peroxidase of soybean hulI and also two standards peroxidases commercially available from soybean and ITom horseradish. The effect of pH on the adsorption of the enzyme was also investigated and it was observed that the most selective adsorption of the soybean hulI peroxidase was at pH 6.0. Purification of the soybean hull peroxidase was studied in the column HR 5/5 packed with the complex CSFF-IDA-CU2+ in 100 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0. The adsorption of the soybean hull peroxidase, soybean and horseradish peroxidases by the CSFF-IDA-CU2+ was observed to folIow Langmuir model. The final peroxidase purified by the process developed in this work showed that the specific activity of the enzyme was about 5.9 fold higher than that of cru de extract and the yield was about 83.4% / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

The New Space industry is a novel branch of the space industry focusing on innovation and commercialization. It experiences very swift growth, although only a fraction of this growth has taken place in Sweden. In order to change this, policymakers are investing funds and efforts into developing the Swedish New Space industry, including the Kvarken Space Center project, aimed at developing the Northern Swedish New Space industry. Here, we see public support in developing a high-tech innovation ecosystem in a peripheral area. This is a topic offering multiple research streams on the most efficient development methods, two of which juxtapose the knowledge ecosystem and intercompany collaborations respectively. With that in mind, we formulated the following research question:   How are collaborations and the knowledge ecosystem used to source knowledge for the innovation process?   To approach to the subject, we gathered literature on innovation systems and ecosystems in order to analyze the importance of the knowledge ecosystem and the various shapes the industry can assume. This information is linked to theory on knowledge types and sourcing methods considering tacit and codified knowledge, which through different constellations form different needs of knowledge sources.   Our empirical approach investigated how the companies used different knowledge sources, namely collaborations, the knowledge ecosystem, and other sources, including networks, monitoring, and mobility. Thereafter, we considered the effects of outstanding factors, including funding and the peripheral region, on knowledge input in innovation.   We identified that companies in the upstream industry node, i.e. those related to launch activities and vehicles, and companies in the downstream node, i.e. those extracting data from space, both use engineering knowledge. Engineering knowledge requires both tacit and some codified knowledge, suggesting similar knowledge inputs for both nodes. However, different node traits lead to different inputs. Upstream companies see low degrees of knowledge transfer, especially from the knowledge ecosystem and from collaborations due to NDAs and intellectual property regards, and tacit knowledge input from external sources is particularly lacking.  Downstream actors see few constraints to using the investigated knowledge sources, although collaborations saw difficulties due to complexities in structuring them. However, many unilateral complementarities are seen from the knowledge ecosystem, leading to higher knowledge input particularly from networks, while also boosting collaborations to some extent. This was also partly observed in upstream companies. Thus, the knowledge ecosystem sees significant use, although much is indirect, while collaborations see less use.   Our main findings are that policymakers and the knowledge ecosystem should focus more on sources of tacit knowledge, such as students, while investing in network-boosting activities as industry events. Companies, especially upstream ones, should utilize collaborations more. Upstream companies should also utilize the local knowledge ecosystem more, as the rights to intellectual property produced by private actors in universities belong to the producer. Regarding future research, we warrant studies on knowledge sourcing in New Space companies and other knowledge sources, such as networks as a compensatory knowledge source.