Ce travail doctoral visait à comprendre les relations des individus aux objets marqués et non marqués. Dans ce cadre de réflexion, nous plaçons le concept d’attachement aux objets et à la marque au sein de la famille, et particulièrement au sein de la dyade mère-fille. Cette dyade a fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches en marketing, en anthropologie et en sociologie. Ainsi cette recherche interprétativiste s’articule autour de 3 questions de recherche:nous cherchons d’abord à comprendre comment l’attachement de la mère à ses objets de valeur, qu’elle transmet, peut avoir une influence sur l’attachement à ces mêmes objets ou marques chez sa fille (étude1:entretiens de 20 dyades). Nous visons également à comprendre quelles sont les relations des filles avec les marques transmises (étude2:ré-interrogation de 11 dyades parmi les 20) et enfin quelles sont les différences entre un attachement à un objet marqué d’un attachement à un objet non marqué (étude3:44 collages de 11 filles, parmi les 11 dyades). Les résultats de la première étude attestent que ces objets marqués sont inaliénables et rendent intangible un passé familial et une analyse inter-dyade permet de confronter le discours des mères avec celui de leur fille. La seconde étude souligne qu’il existe une relation d’attachement à la marque, représentée par les valeurs de tradition (marques transmises) ou d’hédonisme (marques non transmises) et une relation d’attachement à la catégorie de produit, représentée par des valeurs de sécurité (objets transmis) ou de réussite (objets non transmis). Enfin la dernière étude atteste que les consommatrices s’identifient aux marques congruentes avec leur concept de soi. / This doctoral research aims at understanding the relationship of individuals with branded and non-branded products. Within this conceptual framework, we examine products and brand attachment within a family context. We give particularly attention to the mother-daughter dyad which has been extensively researched in marketing, anthropology and sociology. Our interpretivist research focuses on three questions. First, we seek to understand how product and brand attachment of a mother is transmitted, thereby affecting the attachment to products or brands by her daughter (Study 1: interviews of 20 dyads). We then seek to understand the relationship of the daughter to the transmitted brands (Study 2: re-examination of 11 of the 20 dyads). Finally, we examine the differences between attachment to a branded product in contrast to a commitment to a non-branded product (Study 3: 44 collages, 11 girls among 11 dyads). Results of the first study show that branded objects are inalienable and intangible, reflecting a family history which becomes more evident through an inter-dyad analysis of the mother’s speech in contrast to that of her daughter. The second study highlights a brand attachment represented by traditional values (transmitted brands) or hedonism (non-transmitted brands), and an attachment relationship represented by values of security (transmitted objects) or success (non-transmitted objects). Our final study focuses on the differences between attachment to a branded object and a non-branded object. We note that the consumers identify with those brands which are congruent with their self-concept.

As product complexity increases and markets become more global, companies tend to collaborate with customers, suppliers and partners in business process activities previously carried out within a single firm. This is observed notably also in product development. Product development is an information and communication intense activity, and collaborative product development requires efficient communication between the participating firms, both during an ongoing project and afterwards when the product is in service. When more than one firm is involved, questions linked to business aspects regarding what information to share and how to communicate the information between the firms become important. With changing partners and competing supply chains this is a delicate management issue. The objective of this dissertation is to assess characteristics of communication in collaborative product development, in order to identify requirements for supporting IT tools. Empirically, the research was conducted in two parts. Part I was conducted in the aircraft industry, where a systems integrator firm’s relationship to its major suppliers was investigated. In Part II, collaborative product development between a buyer and several suppliers organized in networks was investigated. These studies were complemented with studies of IS/IT development and implementation projects. Theoretically, it is based on the literature on product development, supply chain management, and IT support for business relationships. Concerning the buyer-supplier dyad it was found that there was not one collaborative product development process in common between the firms, but rather coordination between the firms’ processes. Concerning the relationship between buyer and supplier network, it was found that one of the suppliers represents the network in a dyadic buyer-supplier relationship. Within the supplier network, the firms conducted interorganizational integrated product development, which means that the functions were represented by several firms. This implied that management practices must respect the special characteristic of small and medium-sized firms in collaboration. The investigation of information and communication in collaborative product development in dyads and networks led to a list of requirements on IOIS. The findings were concluded in a matrix that presents characteristics of product development in general, product development in dyads, and product development in supplier networks, and a mapping of the requirements on IOIS. Since the business relationship is the major difference between product development in-house and collaborative product development, it was considered appropriate to take a supply chain view on the requirements for an IOIS. It was found that support is needed both for the procurement and the product development process. Moreover, it was found that project management support can significantly improve the efficiency of the development process. Improvements of the effectiveness regard support for the product life cycle, and for the long-term relationship between the parties. It was concluded that an IOIS for collaborative product development should be based on standard technology and support standard formats, in order to make it possible for a firm to simultaneously manage its own systems and proprietary information, and exchange information with partners when needed. / LARP - Lean Aircraft Research Program / NISAM - Ny industriell samverkan

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cibele Alves dos Santos.pdf: 894654 bytes, checksum: 458c5e82b084d0a20cea0dfbf7906c97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-21 / The motor learning has investigated processes affecting the acquisition of motor skills, or in the case of the elderly population, yet the reacquisition. Thinking about this particular group, it is noticed a decline in motor performance with advancing age impairing quality of life and functional capacity decline. Thus, balance is a fundamental aspect engine for locomotion and important to prevent falls, responsible for increased incidence of fractures. Considering this context, there is the importance of physical activity and participation in social groups, generates benefits in the sense of wellbeing, in the perception of body image and self-esteem, in the perception of control and confidence. In this sense, this study aims to determine whether the practice in dyads with external focus of attention, have an influence on learning a complex motor task of dynamic balance in elderly. The study involving the manipulation of variables in an attempt to establish a relationship of cause and effect. Using as main theoretical the ecological theory of human development of Bronfenbrenner. The results for time in equilibrium, do not demonstrate significant differences (p> 0.05). Is possible to affirm that motor learning was not affected by the use of a protocol in dyad, the group had not demonstrated inferior results to the individual protocol. These results are important the extent that indicates the work in pairs as a facilitator of classes, which can provide savings in time and resources, which would be interesting in view of the management of exercise programs for the elderly / A aprendizagem motora tem investigado processos que afetam a aquisição de habilidades motoras, ou no caso da população idosa, ainda a reaquisição. Pensando neste grupo específico, percebe-se um declínio no desempenho motor com o avanço da idade prejudicando a qualidade de vida e declínio na capacidade funcional. Assim, o equilíbrio é um aspecto motor fundamental para a locomoção e importante para evitar quedas, responsáveis por aumento na incidência de fraturas. Considerando este contexto, observa-se a importância da atividade física e participação em grupos de convivência gera benefícios na sensação de bem estar, na percepção de imagem corporal e autoestima, na percepção de controle e confiança. Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar se a prática em díades, com foco de atenção externo, tem influência sobre aprendizagem de uma tarefa motora complexa, de equilíbrio dinâmico, em idosos. O estudo envolvendo a manipulação de variáveis na tentativa de estabelecer uma relação de causa e efeito. Utilizando como principal fundamentação teórica a teoria ecológica do desenvolvimento humano de Bronfenbrenner. Os resultados encontrados para o tempo em equilíbrio, não demonstram diferenças significativas (p>0,05). É possível afirmar que a aprendizagem motora não foi prejudicada pela utilização de um protocolo em díade, pelo grupo não ter demonstrado resultados inferiores ao protocolo individual. Estes resultados são importantes na medida em que indicam o trabalho em duplas como facilitador das aulas, podendo proporcionar economia de tempo e recursos, o que seria interessante no ponto de vista da gestão de programas de exercício para idosos.

BACKGROUND: Quantitative evidence of direct links between dietary intake during pregnancy and maternal and infant outcomes in the preterm population is lacking in the literature. However, studies are starting to investigate relationships between them, and data shows that many of the adverse effects of poor maternal diet are linked to inflammatory response and dysbiosis of the microbiome in both the mother and her offspring. OBJECTIVE: Our objective with this study was to analyze the relationships between sociodemographic factors, maternal diet, pH of breast milk, and infant inflammation. We aimed to assess the dietary pattern of our population of mothers who delivered preterm in comparison to other populations, as well as explore the possibility of using pH of mother’s own milk in future research. METHODS: We reviewed the Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) of participants to gather clinical and demographic characteristics (infants n = 53; mothers n = 45). Maternal participants also completed the Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ). Spearman’s rank correlation and raw unadjusted linear regression analyses were used to investigate relationships between maternal diet and characteristics, mother’s own milk pH, and infant urinary intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP). Kruskal Wallis analysis was used to analyze between group differences of maternal comorbidities. RESULTS: None of our maternal participants met the guidelines for dietary recommendations by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for pregnant women. This follows the trend in national data for women who are pregnant. The greatest number of women met the recommendation for fiber intake (n = 12). Maternal intake of fiber and whole grains was negatively correlated with pH of mother’s own milk (p <0.5). We did not find any significant correlations between maternal characteristics and maternal diet or pH of mother’s own milk. However, meeting the guidelines for added sugars differed by race (p = 0.03). We found no statistically significant correlations between urinary I-FABP and pH of mother’s own milk or maternal dietary intake. Urinary I-FABP values differed by infant sex (p = 0.03) and infant feeding status (> 50% formula or donor milk vs. < 50% formula or donor milk, p = 0.03). Analysis by groups showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.04). Preeclamptic participants had a higher intake of whole grains (0.97 oz) than women without preeclampsia (0.69 oz). Mothers with gestational diabetes had a lower intake of sugar (14.4 tsp) compared to women without diabetes (17.9 tsp) (p = 0.01). We found no other statistically significant results between groups for maternal diet, milk pH, or urinary I-FABP. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that additional research on mother’s own milk pH may be warranted, and that continued education on the importance of a healthy diet and its benefits during pregnancy is needed. Areas of planned future research include fat intake calculations and inflammatory measures of the maternal dietary data.

In group work, the sucker-effect is a motivational loss in which effort is reduced due to feeling taken advantage of when other group members intentionally avoid work, known as free-riding. No previous studies on the sucker-effect have investigated moderating factors that can be attributed to the free-rider. The purpose of this study was to explore if agreeable behavior of a free-rider would moderate the sucker-effect, and if so, to what extent. Using an experimental design, students (n = 20) at Södertörn University served as participants. A systematic allocation toone of two conditions was used, the less agreeable and more agreeable. During the experiment a participant and a confederate worked in dyadson a disjunctive cooperative jigsaw puzzle task. The manipulation was the free-riding confederate's level of agreeableness. Self-rated effort andactual performance were measured. Using Mann-Whitney U-tests (α =.05, two-tailed), no significant differences were found in either of thedependent variables. In fact, by and large, no sucker-effect was observed at all. Other than manipulating the confederate's level of agreeableness, the design allowed for much more interaction in the dyads than previous studies on the sucker-effect have. It is discussed whether this interaction might have created an ingroup feeling, leading to the prevention of asucker-effect. In this study it thus seems that the free-rider's level of agreeableness does not moderate the sucker-effect. Also, meaningful interaction between group members might prevent a sucker-effect fromoccurring at all. However, due to the study's small sample size, theseresults are not definitive and should be taken with caution.

The use of virtual teams (VTs) in the workplace has increased rapidly as companies seek to coordinate the collaboration of geographically dispersed employees effectively. This study involved an experimental comparison of VTs and face-to-face teams engaged in coopetition. Coopetition occurs when a relationship is characterized by simultaneous cooperation and competition. This study differed from previous research because many previous studies of team coopetition place their focus on traditional face-to-face teams and fail to touch upon the intricacies of VT coopetition. Because of this, investigating the intricacies of coopetition among VT members is an essential addition to the large body of research on face-to-face teams. This study examined team coopetition through separate measures of competitiveness and cooperativeness. The constructs competitiveness and cooperativeness were measured separately instead of together on a single continuum. This method determined team members’ coopetitive proclivities, the balance between one’s tendency to perform behaviors directed toward achieving a self-serving goal or goals and one’s tendency to perform behaviors directed toward achieving a group-serving goal or goals within the context of a coopetitive relationship. Team members’ coopetitive proclivities were examined through a combination of videogame play and electronic surveys. All participants in this experiment were female. No significant differences between the coopetitive proclivities of virtual and face-to-face teams were found. We found that the ratings of competence that participants received from their partners tended to be lower under the virtual condition. We found that extroverted team members were more likely to cooperate. We also found that the ratings of competitiveness that participants received from their partners were negatively correlated with the ratings of desirability for future collaboration (i.e., team viability) that participants received from their partners. Further, it was determined that the ratings of cooperativeness that participants received from their partners were positively correlated with the ratings of team viability that participants received from their partners. Additional results indicated a positive relationship between team members’ self-reported levels of agreeableness and the ratings of competence that participants received from their partners. Results also indicated a positive relationship between team members’ self-reported levels of openness and the ratings of competence that participants received from their partners. This paper discusses the implications of these results and possible directions for future study.

The purpose of this investigation was to explore how participants' language use during counseling (overall emotional expression, positive emotional expression, and communal coping, or "we-talk") was associated with superior adjustment, as measured by four psychosocial outcome variables (depression, positive affect, negative affect, and relationship satisfaction); as well as to identify the key concerns of dyads with cancer, how concerns differed by role and sex, and if they were associated with participants' well-being. The present study was a content analysis of the counseling sessions of 43 dyads (N = 86) with breast and prostate cancer. Using a multi-method approach, the audio recordings of 228 counseling sessions were transcribed and analyzed linguistically (quantitatively) and thematically (qualitatively).Results of the linguistic analyses revealed that participant's use of "we-talk" had the most consistent and beneficial effect on outcomes; specifically improved depression, negative affect, and relationship satisfaction. These findings suggest that it might not be as important how much a person expresses themselves emotionally, but rather, whether they have a close relational partner that they see as an instrumental part of their coping process and significantly intertwined in their life, which is reflected in their language use of communal coping.Results of the thematic analyses revealed that survivors' concerns were more focused on cancer and treatment related issues, whereas partners' concerns centered on the well-being of their spouse/partner with cancer, and what they were doing to help their loved one cope with his/her illness. The overarching key concern that was intertwined in participants' discourse was frequent discussion of relationship maintenance, negotiation, and communication issues. In addition, discussion of these concerns showed greatest benefits for women with breast cancer.The findings of this study has implications for counselors and clinicians in that language use and topics discussed during counseling have the potential to increase psychosocial adjustment for dyads coping with cancer. The general discourse of survivors mirrored that of their partners, which indicates that helping to modify or change how one person speaks, has the potential to influence how their partner talks as well; which has implications for the well-being of both dyad members.

Cette thèse a deux objectifs principaux. En premier lieu, on voudrait offrir un aperçu des connaissances académiques actuelles, tant théoriques qu'empiriques, des processus d’accommodation linguistique entre interlocuteurs, au sens général, et des caractéristiques rythmiques de la langue espagnole, en particulier. En second lieu, on présente deux études empiriques conçues pour analyser l’influence de la régularité rythmique au niveau des phrases et de l’arrangement phonologique sur les processus d’accommodation linguistique. Dans l'ensemble, les données rassemblées dans cette thèse indiquent que les phrases avec un rythme régulier, disposées en groupes accentuels, produisent une plus grande ressemblance entre les hispanophones en matière de rythme et de l’étendue de la F0, par rapport aux phrases avec un rythme irrégulier et aux phrases disposées en pieds accentuels. De plus, certains faits connus concernant les femmes ayant une moyenne de F0 supérieure, une étendue de F0 plus large, et un débit de parole plus lent quant aux hommes ont également été observés au cours de la première expérience. En outre, une valeur inférieure de la moyenne de F0 et une étendue de F0 plus étroite ont été observées lors de l’utilisation de phrases avec un rythme régulier et de phrases disposées en groupes accentuels, par rapport aux conditions expérimentales opposées. En ce qui concerne la tâche de perception, les phrases des dyades mixtes ont été notées de manière plus similaire les unes aux autres par rapport aux phrases des dyades de femmes et des dyades d’hommes (parmi d'autres résultats trouvés). / This thesis has two principal aims. In the first place, we would like to offer an overview of the current academic knowledge, both theoretical and empirical, of the processes of linguistic accommodation between interlocutors, in a general sense, and of the rhythmic characteristics of the Spanish language, in particular. In the second place, we present two empirical studies designed to analyze the influence of sentence-level rhythmic regularity and phonological phrasing on the processes of linguistic accommodation. Taken together, the data gathered in this thesis indicate that regular rhythmic sentences, arranged in accentual groups, generate a greater amount of resemblance between Spanish speakers in terms of rhythm and F0 range, with respect to irregular rhythmic sentences and sentences arranged in accentual feet. Moreover, a lower value of F0 mean and a narrower F0 range were observed during the use of both regular rhythmic sentences and sentences arranged in accentual groups compared to the opposite conditions. In addition, some known facts related to women having a higher F0 mean, a wider F0 range, and speaking slower regarding men were also found during the first experiment. As for the perceptual task, sentences of mixed dyads were rated more similar to each other with respect to sentences of female only and male only dyads (among other patterns found).

Objective: In 2010, the National Children’s Study launched 3 alternative recruitment methods to test possible improvements in efficiency compared with traditional household-based recruitment and participant enrollment. In 2012, a fourth method, provider-based sampling (PBS), tested a probability-based sampling of prenatal provider locations supplemented by a second cohort of neonates born at a convenience sample of maternity hospitals. Methods: From a sampling frame of 472 prenatal care provider locations and 59 maternity hospitals, 49 provider and 7 hospital locations within or just outside 3 counties participated in study recruitment. During first prenatal care visits or immediately postdelivery at these locations, face-to-face contact was used to screen and recruit eligible women. Results: Of 1450 screened women, 1270 were eligible. Consent rates at prenatal provider locations (62%–74% by county) were similar to those at birth locations (64%–77% by county). During 6 field months, 3 study centers enrolled a total prenatal cohort of 530 women (the majority in the first trimester) and during 2 months enrolled a birth cohort of an additional 320 mother-newborn dyads. As personnel became experienced in the field, the time required to enroll a woman in the prenatal cohort declined from up to 200 hours to 50 to 100 hours per woman recruited. Conclusions: We demonstrated that PBS was feasible and operationally efficient in recruiting a representative cohort of newborns from 3 diverse US counties. Our findings suggest that PBS is a practical approach to recruit large pregnancy and birth cohorts across the United States.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-24T19:38:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago Branco Brecher.pdf: 1790856 bytes, checksum: f4d811ea50a13d94dfcb1d13c6444f12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this paper we address the development of synthetic routes to four organic structures called dyads, which are compounds formed by an electron donating group covalently attached to an electron acceptor group. What sparked your interest in synthesizing these molecules was the potential of being applied in organic photovoltaic devices, because this type of structure has the ability of promoting a charge separation of the exciton generated after light absorption. This happens due to the proximity between the donor and acceptor species. In this work we have chosen the group derived from naphthalamide as electron donor, which has features like thermal and photochemical stabilities and conjugated double bonds, which cause the electrons p remain delocalized, facilitating the release of electrons when they receive energy. As electron acceptor it was chosen groups derived from fluorene,thiophene and benzonitrile containing both nitrile groups (strongly electron with drawing electron), which have characteristics of electron acceptors. The synthetic route of the NCT dyad was composed of two stages. In the first step of the synthesis of this dyad it was added a saturated chain of six carbon, proven by the NMR data with the appearance of the signs of the carbons of the chain in the region 1.5 to 3 ppm, so the next step was performed by the reaction of this product with the electron acceptor, the thiophene. In the synthetic route of the NCF it was performed three steps of the five motions initially, the first step being the same as performed for the preceding dyad. In the next step the objective of the reaction was the addition of iodine to fluorene derivative, which was confirmed by the appearance of bands of C-I bond in the IR spectra. The third and final stage of the dyad NCF had the goal of replacing the iodines by cyano group. The results show that this step it actually occurred mainly because of the nitrile band in the IR spectrum. The dyad NCB had only one step, in which the derivative naphthalamide was linked to the benzonitrile by a SN2 reaction, which was confirmed by NMR analysis that shows all the characteristic signs of the product formed. The dyad NT was the only one that did not have the separation between the donor and acceptor of electrons by a aliphatic carbon chain. Its synthesis aimed to connect the two reagents directly in only one step. All synthesized products were characterized by IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR, and the determination of their melting point, with these characterization it was concluded that only the dyad NCB was successfully obtained. / Neste trabalho abordamos o desenvolvimento de rotas sintéticas para quatro estruturas orgânicas chamadas díades, que são compostos formados por um grupo doador de elétrons conectado covalentemente a um grupor aceitador de elétrons. O que despertou o interesse em sintetizar estas moléculas foi o potencial de serem aplicadas em dispositivos fotovoltaicos orgânicos, pois esse tipo de estrutura tem como propriedade principal a capacidade de, após a absorção de luz, promover uma separação de carga do éxciton gerado devido à proximidade entre a espécie doadora e aceitadora de elétrons. Nesse trabalho foi escolhido o grupo derivado da naftalamida como doador de elétrons, que tem como características estabilidades térmica e fotoquímica e duplas ligações conjugadas, que fazem com que os elétrons p fiquem delocalizados, facilitando a liberação de elétrons quando estes recebem energia. Como aceitador de elétrons foram escolhidos grupos derivados do fluoreno,tiofeno e da benzonitrila ambos contendo grupos nitrilas (fortemente elétron-retirador de elétrons), os quais apresentam características aceptoras de elétrons. A rota sintética da díade NCT foi composta de duas etapas. Na primeira etapa de síntese desta díade foi adicionada uma cadeia saturada de seis carbonos, comprovada pelos dados de RMN com o surgimento dos sinais dos carbonos da cadeia na região de 1,5 a 3 ppm, para que na próxima etapa fosse realizada a reação deste produto com o aceitador de elétrons, o tiofeno. Na rota sintética da díade NCF foram realizadas três etapas das cinco propostas inicialmente, sendo a primeira etapa a mesma da realizada para a díade anterior. Na etapa seguinte o objetivo da reação foi à adição do iodo ao derivado fluoreno, a qual foi comprovada pelo surgimento das bandas da ligação C-I no espectro de IV. A terceira e última etapa da díade NCF teve o objetivo da substituir os iodos pelo grupo ciano. Os resultados desta etapa mostram que isto realmente ocorreu principalmente pelo surgimento da banda da nitrila no espectro de IV. A díade NCB teve somente uma etapa, na qual o derivado da naftalamida se uniu ao da benzonitrila por uma reação SN2, que foi confirmado pela analise de RMN que apresenta todos os sinais característicos do produto formado. A díade NT é a única que não possui a separação entre o doador e o aceitador de elétrons por uma cadeia de carbonos. Sua síntese teve como objetivo ligar os dois reagentes diretamente em somente uma etapa. Todos os produtos sintetizados foram caracterizados pelas espectroscopias de IV e de RMN de 1H,além da determinação de seu ponto de fusão, com estas análises foi concluído que somente a díade NCB foi sintentizada.