A brief history is provided of Aphasia testing. The test batteries published since 1947 are described under the following formal headings: theory and classification, organisation, quantification, charting and interpretation, and standardisation and factor analyses. A component analysis of the forty aphasia test batteries is conducted. The most frequently used subtests are identified and divided into subgroups of tests, tests of auditory comprehension, oral language, naming, reading comprehension, speech production, written language and non-language tasks. The fifty most frequently used subtests are then applied to a group of normal elderly people to establish baseline norms. Then 108 diagnosed aphasic patients are subjected to these same tests, and the results analysed. The patient data, the normal data and the tests thelllSelves are examined. Xethods of analysis include factor analYSiS, discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. Analysis of variance is applied to the elderly normal subj ects and the aphasic patients, as well as to the aphasic patients on repeated measures. Conclusions are then drawn about how effective the most frequently used subtests in aphasia batteries are in identifying the degree and type of language disturbance in aphasic patients.

No description available.

Children who have Nonverbal Learning Disabilities (NLD) exhibit strengths in verbal domains and deficits in perceptual reasoning domains. These children are often seen as bright and may even be identified as gifted due to their superior decoding proficiency, expansive vocabulary, and remarkable rote memory skills. Conversely, psychosocial difficulties such as acquiring self-help skills and interacting with others appropriately often present serious challenges. Children with NLD may also vacillate between internalized (e.g., anxiety) and externalized (e.g., acting out) behaviors and are commonly seen as unmotivated, defiant, and oppositional. Given the potential psychosocial difficulties that children who have NLD experience, it is imperative that early and effective interventions are accessed. In order to provide appropriate treatments, the identification of factors that occasion psychosocial difficulties is warranted. Thus, the primary purpose of the study was to identify specific NLD characteristics based on specific demographic variables of age, gender, parent education, and number and types of other diagnoses. Further identification efforts compared the Pediatric Behavior Scales (PBS) of Conduct, Attention, Depression, Anxiety, and Deviation to both General Ability Index (GAI) scores and Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning (VCI/PRI) discrepancy scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). Identical analyses were performed for a Dysphasia contrast group. A secondary purpose of this study was to add to the growing body of evidence suggesting the existence of NLD subtypes. Analyses conducted indicated that children in the NLD group had significantly more diagnoses, higher mother and father education, and higher VCI and GAI scores than those in the Dysphasia group. In addition, children in the NLD group held substantially more ADHD diagnoses whereas the Dysphasia group supported more Dyslexia and Dysnomia diagnoses. Further analyses showed relationships between GAI and the PBS Depression scale, GAI and both mother and father education, and VCI/PRI discrepancy and number of diagnoses for the NLD group. PBS Conduct, Attention, and Deviation scales and VCI/PRI discrepancy were correlated for the Dysphasia group. Overall, results revealed that NLD and Dysphasia groups presented different social and emotional symptomology. In addition, there is tentative support for the presence of NLD subtypes. Future areas of research and treatment recommendations are provided.

The thesis deals with the development of perceptual perception of a boy with developmental dysphasia. The work is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the definitions of communication disorder - developmental dysphasia. It also includes etiology, symptomatology and classification of the disorder. The second chapter is devoted to the diagnosis of developmental dysphasia from the special pedagogical view. The third chapter focuses on therapy of the above mentioned communication skill and each of defects . The practical part is devoted to research during six-month work with the boy with developmental dysphasia. The main objective of this work was to determine ways how to develop perceptual perception of the boy with the communication disorder. Practical research contains a case study of the boy and monthly schedules, which were compiled and evaluated on the basis of observation records and the results of tests of visual and auditory perception. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The following master thesis covers the use of the recorder and music activities as part of logopaedic prevention by preschool-age children. The theoretical part describes the general knowledge about speech, malfunctions of communicational skills emphasizing developmental dysphasia and dyslalia. The major part deals with music therapy and recorder and describes them as tools of logopaedic prevention. The practical part analyses data gained from the own action research and includes an in-depth case history of a boy suffering from developmental dysphasia. This part focuses mainly on analysing the impact of diverse musical activities with children within preschool music classes. The analysis also covers children's good practice of breathing habits as well as their melodic and rhythmic perception.

Orientador: Nelson Adami Andreollo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T23:02:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Morais_DrausioJefersonde_D.pdf: 2467488 bytes, checksum: c6f4a1e0109dc69018cb8b81d5ea8770 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE), tem grande importância na sociedade uma vez que é considerada como a doença mais comum do trato digestivo superior. O entendimento da fisiopatologia dessa doença decorrente dos avanços tecnológicos, o surgimento de novas drogas capazes de diminuírem a secreção ácida gástrica em níveis suficientes para levar a cicatrização de lesões esofágicas inflamatórias, o advento da cirurgia videolaparoscópica, contribuíram muito para o alívio dos sintomas dos pacientes e em muitos casos cura das lesões causadas pelo refluxo gastroesofágico. O tratamento cirúrgico por videolaparoscopia constituiu-se no grande avanço da cirurgia nestes últimos anos, sendo que a sua indicação visa buscar a correção das alterações que levam ao surgimento da DRGE e com isso eliminar os sintomas e curar as lesões esofágicas. Um grupo de 41 pacientes que tiveram disfagia persistente após fundoplicatura por videolaparoscopia foi estudado manometricamente, sendo que estes pacientes tinham no mínimo seis meses de cirurgia. A idade destes pacientes variou de 30 a 67 anos, com média de 48 anos. O sexo feminino foi predominante com 65,8%. Após criteriosa avaliação clínica, estes pacientes foram submetidos a exame radiológico contrastado do esôfago, endoscopia digestiva e manometria esofágica. Todos os pacientes tiveram cura da esofagite e apenas dois tinham um segmento curto de epitélio de Barrett. Outro grupo de pacientes, também submetidos a fundoplicatura à Nissen por videolaparoscopia, também com mais de 6 meses de cirurgia, mas sem disfagia tiveram a mesma avaliação. Este grupo também tinha distribuição etária e de sexo, semelhantes aos pacientes disfágicos. O grupo assintomático também mostrou no exame endoscópico, melhora total da esofagite. Os pacientes com disfagia mostraram alteração radiológica apenas em seis dos 41 analisados. O estudo manométrico deste grupo revelou alteração manométrica do corpo esofágico em 21 pacientes e com significância estatística em comparação com o grupo assintomático. Também os pacientes disfágicos, tiveram níveis de pressão residual em níveis mais elevados que o grupo controle, também em níveis significativamente maiores. A análise comparativa entre os pacientes assintomáticos e o grupo com disfagia permitiu concluir que, as alterações manométricas do corpo esofágico bem como a pressão residual contribuíram para a persistência da disfagia. Também, que a manometria esofágica no pré-operatório poderia contribuir para uma melhor avaliação destes pacientes, auxiliando na melhor conduta terapêutica. Também, que a manometria na avaliação dos pacientes disfágicos foi fundamental no entendimento das alterações que poderiam estar levando à este sintoma bem como a melhor conduta a ser tomada frente à esta alteração / Abstract: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is of great importance to society as it is considered to be the most common disease of the upper digestive tract. Understanding of the physiopathology of this disease as a result of advances in technology, the appearance of new drugs capable of reducing gastric acid secretions to levels low enough to enable healing of inflammatory esophageal lesions, the advent of videolaparoscopic surgery, have all contributed extensively to relieving the symptoms of patients and in many cases curing the lesions caused by gastroesophageal reflux. Surgical treatment by videolaparoscopic has been the major advance in surgery in the last few years, and its use seeks to correct the alterations that lead to the appearance of GERD, therefore eliminating the symptoms and curing esophageal lesions. A group of 41 patients that suffered from persistent dysphagia after undergoing fundoplication by videolaparoscopic was manometrically studied, the patients having undergone surgery at least 6 months previously. The patients' ages ranged from 30 to 67 years, the average being 48 years. The female sex was predominant with 27 patients, the rest being masculine. After critical clinical diagnosis these patients were submitted to a contrasted radiological exam of the esophagus, digestive endoscopy and oesophageal manometry. All of the patients were cured of esophagitis and only 2 of them had a short segment of Barretts epithelium. Another group of patients also submitted to surgical treatment by videolaparoscopic Nissen technique, again having undergone surgery at least 6months previously, but without dysphagia received the same diagnosis. This group had a similar age and sex spread to the group of patients with disphagia. This asymptomatic group also showed healing of the erosive esophagitis in the endoscopic exam. The patients with dysphagia showed radiological alteration in only 6 of the 41 people analysed. The manometric study of this group revealed motor disorders of the esophageal body in 21 patients and with statistical relevance in comparison with the asymptomatic group. Also, the patients with dysphagia had residual pressure levels in more elevated levels than the control group, also in significantly greater levels. The comparative analysis between the asymptomatic patients and the group with dysphagia led to the conclusion that the manometric alterations of the esophageal body as well as the residual pressure contributed towards the persistence of the dysphagia. Also that the preoperative esophageal manometry could contribute towards a better diagnosis of these patients, helping with a better therapeutic approach. Also, that esophageal manometry in the diagnosis of patients with dysphagia was fundamental in the understanding of alterations that could be leading to this symptom as well as a better approach to be adopted in the face of these alterations / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutor em Ciências

Final work "Interaction between speech and motion of a schoolgirl with developmental dysphasia" is focusing on finding in which way are speech and movement skill interacting specifically in the case of a school-girl with serious developmental dysphasia. In its theoretical part I'm focusing at first on the term disturbed communication ability, development dysphasia, its symptomatology and then at the term verbal development dyspraxia. Important information concerning this dilemma are also listed in second chapter which focuses on the problem of reading, process of mastering of reading and writing with understanding. The third chapter of the theoretical part is focusing on characteristics of terms as movement, motoric acts, coordination and also dyspraxia. I based the practical part on testing of children of the third grade at usual basic school as well as at the basic logopaedia school, which is attended also by the school-girl with serious development dysphasia I've been observing and monitoring. I created two different tests. First about reading with understanding and then second one about movement abilities. Their goal was to find in which way are reading and movement abilities interacting. In the end of my work I'm summarizing all the gathered findings, I'm also comparing results of testing...

The work is mainly focused on the issues of developmental dysphasia and its therapy. The first part describes the development of human speech, then ontogenetic development of man, communication ability and impaired speech development. A separate chapter is devoted to developmental dysphasia, its etiology, symptomatology, and then the therapy. The second part focuses on establishing a therapeutic material, where tasks are compiled according to the individual needs of the reference boys with developmental dysphasia.

The master thesis is focused on a special pedagogical topic and observes how disrupted communication impacts on children's drawing. The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical part. The first one is about the theoretical findings, which proceed from the professional literature. There are the parts here regarding communication, speech and language and the disrupted communication ability - most concentrated on a question of developmental dysphasia. The close attention has been paid to children in their younger school age, their communication abilities, their drawing ability and graphomotor activity. The practical part of this master thesis has been formed by a qualitative survey realized with children at elementary schools and their home environment. Different methods and techniques - interviews, observation, case interpretation and analysis of activity results. The main objective of this thesis is to to find out and to describe - how the disrupted communication ability of children - specifically developmental dysphasia is projected into children drawing. The corresponding demonstration has been based on a comparison between drawings of pupils with communication problems and drawings of children without any communication problems. KEYWORDS Graphomotorics, communication, drawing,...

Both stroke and depression are major health problems in the elderly. In this study, the prevalence of major depression after stroke was investigated in a well-defined sample of acute stroke patients (n=80), followed up at 3 months, 1 year, 2 and 3 years after the stroke event. Links to biological and psychosocial factors were examined. Hypercortisolism was studied by the dexamethasone suppression test and compared with healthy elderly. Living conditions (including demographic caracteristics, economic resources, health, functional ability, activity/leisure, social network) and life satisfaction were described before and after stroke in relation to a general elderly population. Demographic caracteristics, economic resources, social network and psychiatric morbidity prestroke did not differ from the general elderly population. Already prior to the stroke, patients reported more health problems and lower functional ability in many aspects of daily life, more passive leisure time and a lower global life satisfaction. After stroke, contacts with children were maintained, whilst contacts outside the family declined and remained lower than in the general elderly population. Stroke involved a marked reduction in global life satisfaction. Poor life satisfaction at 1 year remained poor for the entire three years; these stroke victims had a higher frequency of major depression early after stroke. The prevalence of major depression was 25% at the acute stage, 31% at 3 months, decreased to 16% at 1 year, was 19% at 2 years and increased to 29% at 3 years. The most important predictors of immediate major depression were left anterior brain lesion, dysphasia, and living alone. Dependence in self-care ability and loss of social contacts outside the family were the most important predictors at 3 months. From 1 year onwards, loss of social contacts contributed most to depression and at 3 years also cerebral atrophy. Sixty percent of patients with early depression (0-3 months) had recovered at 1 year; those not recovered at 1 year had a high risk of chronicitation. Hypercortisolism as measured by the dexamethasone suppression test was associated with major depression late (3 years) but not early (0-3 months) after stroke. At 3 years, the dexamethasone suppression test had a sensitivity of 70%, a specificity of 97%, a positive predictive value of 88%, a negative predicitive value of 91%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 90%. Nonsuppression of dexamethasone at 3 months was a significant predictor of major depression at 3 years. / <p>Härtill 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu