Online movie distribution has become a common practice after giants such as HBO and Netflix have entered the scene. Despite the new digital technologies, the Danish movie industry are having a hard time benefitting from these. While watching the Danish movie ticket sales decrease, the film industry can observe the increasing number of people staying at home watching Netflix. Therefore, it is essential that the movie industry start looking at their business- and distribution models in order to find out where they can optimize their businesses. By using a qualitative inductive approach, this study explored how the Danish movie industry’s traditional business- and distribution models can be adjusted; in order to meet customer demands and be able to compete with its digital competitors. Focus groups with movie customers as well as interviews with industry experts were conducted. The main results were that the participants preferred watching Danish content at home, because of the lack of special effects; because of the cinema ticket prices; as well as the many different options they have at home. Furthermore, it was found that the film industry has difficulties creating content that is embracing new technologies such as 3D; that they are still focusing on the mass when producing movies; and they are not able to get first-hand data from customers. Based upon these results, new business models and distribution models were created. These implement concepts of how the Danish movie industry can meet the requirements of the audience and be able to compete with its digital competitors. The business models include a varies of factors such as Virtual Reality, 3D, data-driven marketing, audience co-creation, new niche subsidy possibility, crowdfunding, more film club memberships and QR codes. The new flexible distribution model makes it possible for a movie to move into the Video-on-Demand window as soon as the movie stops selling in the cinema. These models propose that by implementing these concepts in their business models, the film industry can attract more customers to Danish movies as well as move toward a digital transformation, letting them benefit from the new technologies and be able to compete with its digital competitors. Thereby this study contributes with the first steps for the Danish movie industry to go through a digital transformation.

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The world is facing the challenge of transforming from fossil fuel dependant to a zero-emission econ-omy. This results in multi-fold mineral requirements for technologies such as wind turbines, solar pan-els, and electric vehicles; an exorbitant amount that cannot be fulfilled by recycling alone. In Europe, this challenge is accelerated more by the current Russian conflict in Ukraine and the understanding that not only do we need to decarbonise the European economy, but also become independent from Russian energy and minerals. This transition requires many raw materials and the faster the transition occurs; the more minerals are required to be mined for these important technologies. Before mining can occur, mineral deposits must be discovered during the process of exploration. The success rate of exploration is less than 1 mine from 1000 exploration projects and projects can take decades to convert from discovery to producing mine. On top of this, we are currently searching for lower-grade deposits that are more difficult to find and technically complicated to extract. All this at a time, when environmental legislation is becoming more strict, there’s a requirement for decarbonisation in the mining industry, and the social license to operate is more difficult to obtain. This seemingly impossible task brings into question the efficiency of the business model of exploration companies to determine whether business model innovation can help achieve a more environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable industry. This study analyses companies working in lithium exploration, as lithium is a material that is re-quired in significant amounts for the green energy transition. The number of companies operating in this sector has increased significantly in the past few years. Through qualitative content analysis using web content, a cross sectional study of 55 companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange was com-pleted to identify themes relating to the business models of each company. Eight overlapping innova-tion categories were identified in 29 of the companies including Environment, Social, Economic, Cir-cular, Collaborative, Lean, Technology and Value Chain innovation.

Background: Digital transformation is an important step in businesses’ quest for environmental sustainability, that changes their business models to create, deliver, and capture value from the use of digital technologies. Another field of research that concerns transformations, is research on socio-technical systems. It explains the adoption of new technologies, by incorporating the social context in which transitions happen. An industry that has been notoriously blamed for being conservative and having sustainability concerns, is the construction industry. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to contribute to socio-technical systems theory, by investigating how interactions in the socio-technical regime can help digitally transform established construction companies and make them more environmentally sustainable. Method: A qualitative case study was performed around Smart Built Environment, a strategic innovation program. From the program, nine reports were examined, and four employees were interviewed. Furthermore, three interviews were conducted with employees of three large construction companies, which were part of Smart Built Environment’s projects. The reports and interviews were used to develop a theoretical framework, which was constructed from existing literature on socio-technical systems, business models, and digital transformation. Conclusion: The results show that culture and habits, and policy and regulations in the regimes have the greatest influence on the digital transformation of construction companies. This is because they influence the relationships between the construction companies and other actors in the construction value chain. Changes to business models that were identified to facilitate the digital transformation were long-term collaborations, product-based development, co-creation, and using digital technologies as a use case for sustainability.

Purpose: This thesis aims to contribute to the literature on how the value chain for electronic components can be leveraged to obtain circular business models (CBM). By implementing activities in the value chain, circular economy (CE) can be enhanced and a circular value chain obtained. The purpose lies in mapping out activities in the value chain of electronic components and existing barriers to acknowledge where circularity can be increased by CE strategies. Based on this observation, the future path towards CBM will be facilitated. This thesis aims to answer the following research questions: What are the main barriers for a circular value chain in electronic components? and How can the transformation towards a CBM for electronic components be facilitated by a circular value chain?  Method: A qualitative case study has been carried out at Volvo CE. The study is of an abductive approach, where previous theories on CE strategies and value chains were utilised to understand how the transformation towards a CBM can be applied for electronic components. A literature review of the key concepts was conducted and primary data was collected through interviews and one focus group for validation. The data has been analysed through the use of a thematic analysis. Findings: Findings suggest that four areas are of high importance in a circular value chain for electronic components: management, technology department, suppliers relations and aftermarket. The main barriers hindering CE are insufficient objectives, inadequate external value chain integration, limited education, and inertia in technological development. Findings show that the barriers can be mitigated through enhancing CE in the following activities: strategy and organisational vision; cooperation and partners; education and qualifications; innovation and technical development. The result presents how the circular value chain is interconnected with a CBM, visualising how the key activities will facilitate the transformation towards a CBM.  Theoretical contributions & managerial implications: This thesis contributes to the scarcity of literature on value chains in electronic components and adds to research on the connection between value chains and circular business models. The thesis can act as guidance for managers when making the transformation towards a CBM, by highlighting how CE activities can be applied for a more circular value chain.  Limitations and future research: This is a single case study, making the study limited in how applicable the findings are to other industries and countries. Future studies can validate the result by examining value chains in similar companies, to improve the generalisability of our result. This thesis is limited to investigating the value chain from a strategic perspective and we acknowledge that a mapping of the operational value chain can be a matter for future research. We focus on collaboration, but operations that enhance CE in daily activities in production of electronic components are yet to be investigated.

As more companies in the resource-intensive fashion industry start their transition journeys towards circular business models (CBMs), driven by social and regulatory pressures, understanding how companies navigate this transformative process is crucial. This thesis contributes to prevailing research by analysing the challenges faced by linear companies in the fashion industry when adopting more circular models through various initiatives, dividing them by the CBM they apply, and considering their corresponding solutions to these challenges. By interviewing nine companies and four industry experts, we investigated the CBMs: product life extension, circular supplies, resource recovery, and product-as-a-service. Our findings indicate some common challenges include uncertain market demands, high costs and complex logistics, which caused profitability concerns and impeded companies’ transitions. Meanwhile, some challenges were CBM or company-specific. Companies employing circular supplies and resource recovery models faced cost considerations related to material price and availability, while product life extension models struggled with material access and limitations within the organisation or network. Significant market challenges were observed for the product-as-a-service model. To cope with these challenges, companies maintained small-scale CBMs and/or gradually scaled them based on changing circumstances or built collaborative networks within the value chain. Strengthening internal human capital was another coping strategy.

This thesis combines technological innovation systems with business models in a qualitative case study regarding charging point operators for heavy battery electric vehicles in south Sweden. The heavy battery electric vehicle market is still in early development in Sweden, and the development of public charging stations for heavy battery electric vehicles is low. The case study is developed from several qualitative interviews with relevant actors regarding the system for heavy battery electric vehicle charging stations. The case study delivers an empirical understanding of the heavy battery electric vehicles market system in south Sweden through a technological innovation system, as well as developing the technological innovation system literature to give regulatory and direct recommendations to the actor in focus. These recommendations were based on barriers for charging point operator business models, where the recommendations to charging point operators are on components to business models that can mitigate these barriers. The regulatory recommendations provided are more traditional to the technological innovation system literature. The combination of the technological innovation system and business model literature has also provided the ability to give a more in-depth analysis of business models for actors in new emerging markets.

The competitive market of the newspaper industry has undergone considerable changes driven by new technology, the internet and changing audience behavior. The industry is facing two current crises, the decline in print and advertising revenues, and at the same time, the growth of free online content. One of the major challenges for traditional newspapers is to find new ways to increase digital revenues to make-up for these losses. This study uses qualitative interviews and readership data collected from a large traditional publisher to explore how the newspaper can reshape the customer value proposition and increase digital subscriptions. Additionally, the study uses case examples from the industry to combine theoretical reflections with practical development. The newspapers need to continue to explore new opportunities in media, and balance focus between traditional and newer, more radical activities. In the future, success will be dependent on the integration of value-added elements. The findings suggest that traditional newspapers should enhance the value proposition by investing even more in high-quality and multimedia journalism. The audience is willing to pay if the product has a high relative value and is differentiated from the free online news. This can be done by an extensive integration of technology into the journalistic processes and a more defined product. Further, the publisher needs to abandon mass media models and offerings that provide something for everyone, instead offering niches and limited-edition news products to add new revenue streams. / Tidningsindustrin genomgår dramatiska förändringar driven av ny teknik, förändrade konsumentvanor och nya aktörer. Industrin står inför två stora utmaningar, nedåtgående försäljnings- och annonsintäkter och tilltagande gratis innehåll online. En av de stora utmaningarna för tidningar är att hitta nya sätt att öka intäkterna på för att kompensera för dessa förluster. Denna studie använder kvalitativa intervjuer i kombination med kunddata från en Sveriges största morgontidning för att undersöka hur tidningarna kan transformera kunderbjudandet och öka antalet digitala prenumerationer. Studien använder dessutom case från medieindustrin för att kombinera vetenskaplig teori med praktisk utveckling. Tidningarna behöver fortsätta att utforska nya affärsmodeller och balansera fokus mellan inkrementella och mer radikala aktiviteter. Resultatet från denna studie indikerar att tidningarna kan öka kundvärdet genom att investera ännu mer i högkvalitativ- och digital journalistik. För att öka intäkterna borde tidningarna även fokusera mindre på att erbjuda ”lite av allt till alla” och istället erbjuda mer nischade nyhetsprodukter.

This study aims to examine flexible workspaces from the perspective of a real estate owner. The research questions include how flexible workspaces will develop in Stockholm, how well the provision of flexible workspaces fit into the business model for real estate companies and how they can accommodate solutions on flexibility in their portfolio.  The method used consists of two parts, firstly a case study performed on the London based real estate company British Land who have developed a concept for flexible workspace called Storey. The second part consisted of eleven interviews with representatives from real estate companies in Stockholm. By combining these two parts, a sound basis for mapping the success factors for how to extend a business model by offering flexible workspaces along with an appreciation of its future development could be made. The findings include the real estate companies’ perception that increased levels of flexibility will be a common sight in the real estate landscape in the future. There are however several different approaches on which strategy to choose in order to offer concepts for flexibility in an office portfolio, all depending on the organisational structure and business model for the individual real estate company. The contribution of this study is therefore that real estate companies can gain a number of benefits by offering flexibility in their portfolio. / Studien ämnar till att undersöka koncept för flexibla arbetsplatser ur ett fastighetsägarperspektiv. Forskningsfrågorna behandlar hur väl det passar en fastighetsägares affärsmodell att tillhandahålla olika koncept för flexibla arbetsplatser och kontor i sin fastighetsportfölj och hur de i sådana fall skall gå till väga, samt hur utvecklingen av detta arbetssätt kommer att emottas på Stockholms-marknaden.  Undersökningens metod består av två delar. Först har en fallstudie utförts på det Londonbaserade fastighetsbolaget British Land som själva utvecklat ett koncept för flexibla arbetsplatser, kallat Storey. Därefter har elva intervjuer med representanter från fastighetsbolag i Stockholm genomförts. Detta har skapat ett solitt fundament för att kartlägga de framgångsfaktorer som ligger till grund för hur en fastighetsägare kan utöka sin affärsmodell för att erbjuda flexibla arbetsytor. Resultaten pekar på att flexibla arbetsplatser kommer att fortsätta att växa på Stockholms-marknaden och bli ett vanligare arbetssätt för både små och stora företag. Det finns sedan ett antal strategier en fastighetsägare kan välja för att erbjuda sådana koncept i sitt fastighetsbestånd, vilket är beroende på organisationsstrukturen och affärsmodellen i det enskilda fastighetsbolaget. Forskningsbidraget i studien är bland annat att det finns en mängd fördelar som en fastighetsägare kan dra nytta av genom att tillhandahålla koncept för ökad flexibilitet i sin fastighetsportfölj.

Digitaliseringens framfart har med eftertryck lämnat tydliga spår vilken bransch den än har dragit fram över. Den effektiviserar befintliga processer som har sett likadana ut sedan mannaminne, lika väl som den har öppnat upp möjligheterna för helt nya företag som med innovativa affärsmodeller lyckas konkurrera med branschdominerande aktörer över en natt. I fastighetsbranschen är e-handelns påverkan på handelsaktörer och coworkingföretagens fotfäste på kontorsmarknaden de mest märkbara effekterna.  På bostadssidan har det hitintills inte hänt lika mycket, och inte heller har det fått samma uppmärksamhet i akademiska- likväl som icke-akademiska skrifter. Uppsatsens syfte är följaktligen att belysa de möjligheter och utmaningar som de berörda aktörerna står inför. Vidare undersöks huruvida bostadsutvecklare och byggherrar har olika förutsättningar och målbilder när de arbetar med att utveckla morgondagens boende.  Arbetet bygger på en kvalitativ studie inbegripandes tio aktörer verksamma på bostadsmarknaden. Bland de intervjuade återfinns fyra kommunala byggherrar, fyra privata byggherrar och två bostadsutvecklare. Den erhållna empirin vittnar om tydliga skillnader när det kommer till hur de kommunala och de privata aktörerna förhåller sig till möjligheten att skapa nya affärer genom att erbjuda sina kunder en tjänstearsenal som komplement till bostaden. De kommunala bolagen väljer där att hålla sig till sin kärnverksamhet medan de privata har tydliga satsningar på att erbjuda totallösningar kopplade till boendet.  Vidare framgår det av intervjuerna att bostadsutvecklarna fokuserar mer på att utveckla produkt- och tjänstelösningar som är attraktiva för kunden medan byggherrarna, utöver liknande satsningar, även har en stark vilja att utveckla lösningar som kan effektivisera fastigheternas drift och förvaltningen.  Avslutningsvis kan det konstateras att den största utmaningen som samtliga aktörer står inför är att få samtliga komponenter i fastigheten att synkronisera med varandra på en gemensam och öppen plattform. Det framgår dessvärre tydligt att den konceptuella smarta fastigheten som så ofta beskrivs i diverse rapporter fortfarande är en hägrande utopi. / The rapid progress of digitalisation has left clear traces on whichever industry it has encountered. It can streamline already existing processes within a company, as well as it has the ability to open up opportunities for new companies with innovative business models to rapidly compete with well-established firms. In the real estate industry the impact of e-commerce on firms within the trade sector and coworking companies’ impressive foothold in the office market are among the most perceptible effects.    However, fewer changes have been noted so far in the residential sector, and nor has the sector received as much attention in academic- as well as non-academic literature. The purpose of this essay is thus to highlight the opportunities and the challenges that affected actors are facing. Furthermore, this paper will investigate whether developers and owners of residential real estate assets are facing different conditions and/or have altered targets when working on developing the housing of tomorrow.  The study is based on qualitative interviews involving ten actors active in the residential market. Among the interviewees are four municipal residential owners, four private residential owners and two developers. The result of this study clearly shows differences when it comes to how the municipal and the private actors consider the opportunity to create new businesses by offering their customers services as complements to the home. The municipal companies choose to stick to their core business while the private ones are clearly determined to offer service solutions that are linked to the home.   Furthermore, the interviews show that developers focus more on developing digitalised service solutions that are attractive to the customers, while the owners, in addition to these solutions, also have a strong desire to develop solutions that can streamline the operations and the management of the properties.   In conclusion, it can be seen that the biggest challenge that all actors within the industry will face is to be able to properly synchronize all components in the property with each other on a common and open platform. Unfortunately, it appears as quite clear that the conceptual smart real estate, which is described in idealistic terms in various reports, is still just a looming utopia.