Diploma thesis describes geodetic works in the construction of a subway under the railway track in Trenčín. Foundation for geodetic works in the construction is decree 300/2009 from the body of laws. The thesis describes these works in the order in which they were executed during the construction process. These works are: prepration of project documents, stake-out, control measurement, measurement of real building execution, quantification of executed building works, creation of real building execution documents. Part of the thesis describes the stake-out evaluation of each building phase and the evaluation of the building execution. The subway is a part of the railway modernization Nové Mesto nad Váhom – Púchov in city Trenčín.

<p>Oblast pronalaženja informacija kao jedan od osnovnih&nbsp;problema razmatra pronalaženje dokumenata u kolekciji koji&nbsp;su relevantni sa stanovi&scaron;ta korisnika. Ova disertacija&nbsp;se bavi problemima pronalaženja strukturiranih multimedijalnih&nbsp;dokumenata. Strukturirani multimedijalni dokumenti mogu, kao&nbsp;svoje elemente, sadržati objekte različitih tipova medija<br />(tekst, slika, zvuk, ili video). Tema disertacije je&nbsp;formalna specifikacija modela sistema koji omogućava&nbsp;pronalaženje multimedijalnih dokumenata obezbeđujući pri&nbsp;tom pro&scaron;irivost sistema podr&scaron;kom za različite tipove&nbsp;medija (&scaron;to uključuje upotrebu različitih postojećih re&scaron;enja&nbsp;iz ove oblasti) i pro&scaron;irivost sistema različitim modelima&nbsp;pronalaženja dokumenata. XML jezik se koristi kao jezik za&nbsp;reprezentaciju dokumenata i kao jezik za komunikaciju<br />sistema sa klijentima. Sistem je verifikovan na realnom&nbsp;primeru digitalne biblioteke doktorskih i magistarskih teza&nbsp;pomoću razvijenog prototipa. Prikazana prototipska implementacija&nbsp;koja ispunjava ciljeve u pogledu funkcionalnosti postavljene pred<br />sistem predstavlja potvrdu praktiˇcne vrednosti predloženog modela.</p> / <p>The field of information retrieval deals with&nbsp;retrieval of documents judged as relevant by&nbsp;users. This dissertation focuses on problems in&nbsp;retrieval of structured multimedia documents.&nbsp;Structured multimedia documents comprise objects&nbsp;of different media types (such as text, images,&nbsp;audio or video clips) as their elements. The&nbsp;subject of the dissertation is a formal&nbsp;specification of a multimedia information&nbsp;retrieval system providing extensibility with&nbsp;support for different media types (including&nbsp;utilizing existing solutions in this field) and&nbsp;extensibility with different document retrieval&nbsp;models. XML is used as a language for expressing&nbsp;document content and as a langugage for&nbsp;communication between the system and its clients.&nbsp;The system is verified by a case study on a&nbsp;networked digital library of theses and dissertations.&nbsp;The presented prototype implementation presents a&nbsp;proof of the proposed model&rsquo;s practical value.</p>

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Dans cette thèse, nous avons proposé une approche analytique multi-échelle pour le word spotting dans les documents manuscrits. Le modèle proposé fonctionne selon deux niveaux différents. Un module de filtrage global permettant de définir plusieurs zones candidates de la requête dans le document testé. Ensuite, l’échelle de l’observation est modifiée à un niveau inférieur afin d’affiner les résultats et sélectionner uniquement ceux qui sont vraiment pertinents. Cette approche de word spotting est basée sur des familles généralisées de filtres de Haar qui s’adaptent à chaque requête pour procéder au processus de spotting et aussi sur un principe de vote qui permet de choisir l’emplacement spatial où les réponses générées par les filtres sont accumulées. Nous avons en plus proposé une autre approche pour l’extraction de texte du graphique dans les bandes dessinées. Cette approche se base essentiellement sur les caractéristiques pseudo-Haar qui sont générées par l’application des filtres généralisés de Haar sur l’image de bande dessinée. Cette approche est une approche analytique et ne nécessite aucun processus d’extraction ni des bulles ni d’autres composants. / The presented thesis follows two directions. The first one disposes a technique for text and graphic separation in comics. The second one points out a learning free segmentation free word spotting framework based on the query-by-string problem for manuscript documents. The two approaches are based on human perception characteristics. Indeed, they were inspired by several characteristics of human vision such as the Preattentive processing. These characteristics guide us to introduce two multi scale approaches for two different document analysis tasks which are text extraction from comics and word spotting in manuscript document. These two approaches are based on applying generalized Haar-like filters globally on each document image whatever its type. Describing and detailing the use of such features throughout this thesis, we offer the researches of document image analysis field a new line of research that has to be more explored in future. The two approaches are layout segmentation free and the generalized Haar-like filters are applied globally on the image. Moreover, no binarization step of the processed document is done in order to avoid losing data that may influence the accuracy of the two frameworks. Indeed, any learning step is performed. Thus, we avoid the process of extraction features a priori which will be performed automatically, taking into consideration the different characteristics of the documents.

Cette HDR traite de la conception de documents numériques utilisés en contexte professionnel et étudie en particulier les deux thèmes suivants : le découpage de l'information pour la mise en écran, les organisateurs de structure, de navigation et de mise en relief de l'information. L'influence sur la lecture des dispositifs de mise en forme matérielle et des organisateurs de structure et de navigation est souvent méconnue. Aussi les méthodes destinées à tester le rôle des dispositifs de mise en forme revêtent-elles une importance capitale et sont présentées à la fin de cet ouvrage. Les spécificités des supports (document papier et document numérique) sont également abordées en termes de cognition, de perception physiologique et d'usage.

This diploma thesis deals with system dynamics and its applications in the field of digitization of documents. This is an area whose importance is increasing. The need for the transfer and storage of digital documents at the present time there is a significant increase in the volume of data continues to grow. One of the appropriate tools of analysis digitization of documents is the system dynamics, which in the Czech Republic in the area of document digitization has not yet been used. The objective of this thesis is to create a system dynamics models for the area of document digitization, through the application of methods of system dynamics and then verify their applicability to specific data digitization projects acquired from practice. These models are universally applicable to virtually all types of projects to digitize documents. The main contribution of the thesis is the development of system dynamics models, which are universally applicable to a wide variety of projects to digitize documents and can be used to simulate the progress of digitization of documents. In practice, these models for companies dealing with digitization show the benefits of documents digitization to potential customers.

De nombreuses applications dans le domaine de la recherche d'information voient leur performance influencée par le modèle de représentation de documents. En effet, théoriquement, meilleure est la modélisation, meilleure sera la performance de l'application qui exploite la modélisation. Or la modélisation"parfaite" d'un document est celle qui utilise l'intégralité des théories linguistiques. Cependant, en pratique, celles-ci sont difficiles à traduire sous forme de traitements informatiques. Néanmoins, il existe des modèles qui s'appuient partiellement sur ces théories comme les modèles vectoriels classiques, les modèles par séquences de mots ou encore les chaînes lexicales. Ces précédents modèles exploitent, soit l'information syntaxique, soit l'information sémantique. D'autres modèles plus raffinés exploitent à la fois l'information syntaxique et sémantique mais sont appliqués dans un contexte spécifique. Dans cette étude, nous proposons une nouvelle modélisation de documents dans un contexte général qui considère simultanément l'information syntaxique et sémantique. Notre modèle est une combinaison de deux composantes, l'une syntaxique représentée par les arbres de dépendances syntaxiques obtenus à l'aide d'un analyseur de dépendances syntaxiques, l'autre sémantique représentée par le sens des mots dans leur contexte obtenu grâce à une méthode de désambiguïsation du sens. Dans ce modèle, chaque document est représenté par un ensemble de concepts fréquents formé de sous-arbres ayant les mêmes dépendances syntaxiques et étant sémantiquement proches. L'extraction de tels concepts est réalisée à l'aide d'un algorithme de forage d'arbres FREQT. Notre modèle sera évalué sur une application de clustering de documents des collections Reuters, 20 newsgroups et Ohsumed. La mesure du cosinus valable pour un modèle vectoriel a été utilisée pour définir la mesure de similarité entre les documents. Contrairement au modèle vectoriel, l'espace vectoriel considéré n'est pas engendré par l'ensemble des mots fréquents mais par l'ensemble des concepts fréquents. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus montrent que l'intégration de l'information sémantique dans le modèle basé sur les arbres de dépendances syntaxiques contribue à améliorer la qualité des clusters.

This study examined how student achievement data are used to guide the development of curriculum documents in public school districts and within a commercial curriculum supplier. Two research questions guided this study: (a) How do public school districts in Central Texas use formative and summative assessment data to inform the written curriculum, and (b) how do commercially produced curricular programs use formative and summative assessment data to inform the written curriculum? A qualitative multiple-case study included curriculum developers from public school districts and a commercial entity. Data included semistructured interviews with curriculum developers from each organization as well as an extensive document review from each entity. The data were coded according to first-level coding and pattern coding. These themes were then analyzed through pattern matching and cross-case analysis. The research revealed that formative and summative assessment data were used to guide the development of the written curriculum in terms of guiding vertical alignment, determining the scope and sequence of the curricular content, adding specificity to the curriculum documents, identifying and correcting curriculum gaps, guiding development of formative assessment, and adapting to state and national change. In addition, the organizations utilized available resources in curriculum development and created a culture of data-rich dialogue. Findings also revealed that the ability of curriculum developers to use assessment data to inform the written curriculum is impacted greatly by organizational size and capacity. Sustainability of organizations to maintain a comprehensive, aligned curriculum is influenced by the rate of change coming from the state and national level. In conclusion, districts need to develop or obtain a guaranteed and viable curriculum that is strategically planned, comprehensive and aligned, as well as shaped by assessment data. The research reinforced that how data are created, presented, and used is important. Data sources need to be valid and reliable and shared in a risk-free culture that allows educators to move beyond elementary data uses to use data to inform the written curriculum as an integral part of school improvement. / text

La recherche d'information (RI) dans des documents semi-structurés<br />(écrits en XML en pratique) combine des aspects de la RI<br />traditionnelle et ceux de l'interrogation de bases de données. La<br />structure a une importance primordiale, mais le besoin d'information<br />reste vague. L'unité de recherche est variable (un paragraphe, une<br />figure, un article complet\dots). Par ailleurs, la flexibilité du<br />langage XML autorise des manipulations du contenu qui provoquent<br />parfois des ruptures arbitraires dans le flot naturel du texte.<br /><br />Les problèmes posés par ces caractéristiques sont nombreux, que ce<br />soit au niveau du pré-traitement des documents ou de leur<br />interrogation. Face à ces problèmes, nous avons étudié les solutions<br />spécifiques que pouvait apporter le traitement automatique de la<br />langue (TAL). Nous avons ainsi proposé un cadre théorique et une<br />approche pratique pour permettre l'utilisation des techniques<br />d'analyse textuelle en faisant abstraction de la structure. Nous avons<br />également conçu une interface d'interrogation en langage naturel pour<br />la RI dans les documents XML, et proposé des méthodes tirant profit de<br />la structure pour améliorer la recherche des éléments pertinents.

In order for construction projects to be completed within the specified time limit while at the same time be financially sustainable it requires thorough preparation and an extensive planning. Most essential is the groundwork and the design that determines the project's progress. There are many aspects to consider in order to avoid inconveniences such as delay, litigation, unexpected cost etcetera. If mistakes are made in an early stage it is very likely that the error will follow the process and become an expensive correction cost towards the later part of the project. In other words, it is expensive to rectify defects later on. Many times more expensive than if the deficiencies can be found before the construction phase begins. It is up to the client to define what they want to have built. When the idea for a project has been brought to the client he/she must describe and explain the construction in detail. It is from these documents that contractors will base their tender in the hope of performing the contract. This basis is called for enquiry documents and includes specifications, blueprints and descriptions of the project. Inadequate enquiry documents may lead to major consequences. Consequences that often is easy to avoid through a detailed and thorough groundwork. That is unfortunately not the case in the construction industry today. This bachelor thesis is intended to analyse and identify the development of enquiry documents and investigate the common shortcomings. The work has been carried out for eleven weeks in collaboration with Skanska Sweden and creates an awareness and understanding of the enquiry documents value to the reader in the industry. The study also deals with procurement process, which is the stage where the enquiry documents plays its part. Common deficiencies in the enquiry documents will be presented as a conclusion combined with the flaws impact on project time and project cost. Finally, there are also suggestions on how common deficiencies can be avoided.