Les organisations ont un besoin croissant de compétences de communication écrite et plébiscitent donc les compétences orthographiques de leurs salariés, composante essentielle de l’écrit professionnel. Pourtant, l’étude de la littérature confirme une baisse significative des performances des élèves en compétences orthographiques. Ce problème initialement circonscrit au domaine scolaire devient donc aujourd’hui une préoccupation pour les organisations, tant les déficiences orthographiques sont sources de conséquences négatives. Lors du recrutement, c’est au cours de la phase de présélection que les recruteurs se trouvent confrontés à ces déficiences. Peu d’études académiques ont analysé l’impact des fautes contenues dans le dossier que ce soit sur les perceptions ou les décisions des recruteurs. Notre travail souhaite donc rendre compte de la façon dont les compétences orthographiques sont jugées en contexte francophone par les recruteurs au cours de cette phase. Nous souhaitons également mettre en exergue les perceptions de justice des candidats à l’embauche quand la décision de présélection est fondée sur le critère de la qualité orthographique du dossier de candidature. Nous avons mené une quasi-expérimentation afin de collecter des données auprès de candidats à l’embauche et de recruteurs. Elles ont fait l’objet de deux études : une étude des données qualitatives à partir de restitutions verbales obtenues grâce à la méthode des protocoles verbaux auprès de 20 recruteurs ; une analyse mixte, combinant un traitement des données quantitatif puis lexical après de 422 candidats et 536 recruteurs. Les résultats obtenus ont permis de mettre en lumière l’impact des fautes sur l’appréciation des dossiers de candidature et sur la décision de présélection des recruteurs (un dossier présentant une expérience professionnelle importante et des fautes d’orthographe a, par exemple, 3.1fois plus de chances d’être rejeté qu’un dossier sans fautes, à expérience égale). Nous avons également identifié des variables modératrices de la relation entre les fautes et l’évaluation des dossiers de candidature (le niveau en orthographe du sujet, sa génération d’appartenance, son statut de recruteur ou de candidat). Nous avons par ailleurs adapté l’échelle de Steiner & Gilliland (1996) dédiée initialement à l’évaluation de techniques de sélection ; nous l’avons transposée de façon à évaluer deux critères de présélection. Nos résultats indiquent que les candidats considèrent plus juste l’usage du critère de l’orthographe pour présélectionner une candidature, que celui de l’expérience. / Organizations have a growing need for written communication skills and they demand therefore from their employees spelling skills, which are an essential component of professional writing. However, literature confirms a significant decrease in students’ spelling performance. This problem, first limited to education, is becoming today an organizational concern because spelling deficiencies have such negative consequences for them. Very few academic studies have analyzed the impact of spelling errors on application forms’ evaluation and on recruiters’ decisions. Our goal is to show the way recruiters assess spelling skills in France when they make a decision (select or reject application forms). We also want to highlight the applicants’ perceptions of fairness when the selection decision is based on the spelling criterion. To answer these questions, we have lead an experiment to collect data among applicants and recruiters. Data were analyzed in two different studies : a qualitative study –lexical and thematic- of 20 recruiters’ verbal reports thanks to the verbal protocol method ; then a mixed analysis combining quantitative and lexical analysis was conducted with 536 recruiters and 422 applicants. Results indicate that spelling errors affect both recruiters’ evaluation and decisions concerning applicants. We have also identified moderating variables between the factor «errors »and the application forms’ evaluation. Our results allow us to conclude that applicants perceive more positively the use of the spelling criterion to make a decision than the professional experience criterion.

Immigrants participate in entrepreneurial activity more frequently than other groups, largely resulting from restricted access to traditional occupational advancement. Recent studies have reported that immigrant entrepreneurs focus on their abundance of human and social capital to obtain the financial resources necessary to fund their ventures. Lack of financial resources has been identified as a major barrier for immigrant entrepreneurs; however, as this study indicates, both native and immigrant entrepreneurs face similar financial hurdles in locating initial startup funding. Where major differences arise between native and immigrant entrepreneurs is that native entrepreneurs more frequently transition to business forms of debt, a key component to long-term success. Resulting from their lack of embeddedness in their host context, immigrant entrepreneurs are far more likely to rely on social network based resources to fund growth, which removes their businesses from the opportunities business forms that debt provides. Using the Kauffman public data, I investigated the relationship between financing strategies engaged by "immigrant" versus "native" entrepreneurs.

Notre thèse porte sur les troubles des comportements alimentaires (TCA). Ces derniers ont certaines spécificités représentatives des nouvelles formes de symptômes. La dimension de jouissance y est prédominante et a tendance à étouffer la dimension d’appel propre à toute formation symptomatique. Au regard de ces particularités, les traitements dits « habituels » sont fréquemment inopérants, ce qui peut amener certains patients à entrer dans un protocole de soin hospitalier. Lieu, offrant de multiples scènes de soins qui œuvrent de façon convergente pour vider le symptôme d’une partie de sa jouissance.La thèse montre que la démarche clinique auprès de ceux qui souffrent de TCA, doit amener le psychologue clinicien, à faire preuve de créativité et prendre une posture active, s’il veut permettre au sujet de s’ouvrir à sa division subjective / Our research dealt with eating disorders. They have specific characteristics that represent new forms of symptoms. The ‘Jouissance’ dimension is predominant and tends to overwhelm the ‘address dimension’ corresponding to any symptomatic formation. In view of these particularities, treatments called ‘usual’ are frequently ineffective, leading some of the patients to medical care. The clinical environment allows a multidisciplinary team to meet and work together under certain conditions in order to remove part of the ‘jouissance’ in the symptoms. This work aims to show that the clinical procedure addressed to those who suffer from eating disorders must provide a clinical psychologist who will have to prove creativity and an active behaviour in order to give the subject the possibility to access his unconcious

Ma recherche consiste en une analyse sémantique et morphologique des formes verbales dites « surcomposées » en français (j’ai eu fait, j’avais eu fait, j’aurai eu fait, etc.). La forme la plus fréquemment employée et la mieux représentée est la forme appelée « passé surcomposé », du type j’ai eu fait. Mais à des degrés divers, toutes les formes du paradigme sont attestées.Le passé surcomposé connaît deux emplois distincts. Le premier, appelé « standard », est attesté dans toute la francophonie. Cette forme peut être décrite comme un passé résultatif, car, par son aspect « accompli », elle pointe la phase qui, dans le passé, fait suite au procès. Utilisée en relation avec le passé composé à valeur aoristique, qui pointe le procès en cours de déroulement, elle crée des effets d’antériorité (quand il a eu mangé, il est parti).Le second emploi, dit « régional », n’est attesté que dans les domaines à substrat occitan et francoprovençal. Ce second passé surcomposé peut être décrit comme un parfait d’expérience, car il possède toujours une valeur « expérientielle », qui indique qu’il est arrivé au moins une fois à une situation donnée de se produire à l’intérieur d’un certain intervalle temporel. Pour les locuteurs qui emploient ces formes, un énoncé comme j’ai eu mangé du requin signifie ainsi il m’est arrivé au moins une fois de manger du requin. Les formes « standard » et les formes « régionales » ne sont pas seulement distinctes sémantiquement. Elles sont également différentes sur le plan morphologique : tandis que les premières sont construites par composition de l’auxiliaire (avoir eu + fait), les secondes se construisent par l’insertion du morphème eu, marqueur expérientiel, dans le syntagme verbal composé : avoir (+eu) fait. Cette différence n’est certes pas « visible » pour les formes qui se construisent avec l’auxiliaire « avoir ». Mais elle se révèle avec les verbes qui demandent l’auxiliaire « être » : les formes résultatives se construisent en effet sur le modèle de avoir été + parti (quand il a été parti, je suis allée me coucher), tandis que les formes expérientielles se construisent sur le modèle de être (+eu) parti (on est eu partis en vacances en Italie). La correspondance entre sens et forme étant absolue, la thèse défendue dans mon travail est qu’il ne s’agit pas seulement de types d’emploi distincts, mais bien de formes verbales différentes / My research consists in a semantic and morphological analysis of the so-called “surcomposé” verbal forms in French (j’ai eu fait, j’avais eu fait, j’aurai eu fait, etc.). The most frequently used and best-represented form is called “passé surcomposé”, such as j’ai eu fait. However, all the forms of the paradigm are attested to some degree.The passé surcomposé displays two distinct uses. The first one, known as the “standard use”, is attested throughout the French-speaking world. This type can be described as a resultative past. Indeed, through its “perfect” aspect, it points to the phase, in the past, following the process. Used in association with the passé composé with an aoristic value, which points to the on-going process, it creates anteriority effects (quand il a eu mangé, il est parti).The second use, referred to as “regional”, is only attested in the areas with an Occitan and a Franco-Provencal substrate. This second passé surcomposé can be described as an experiential perfect because it always has an “experiential” value that indicates that a given situation has occurred at least once within a certain temporal interval. Speakers who use these forms understand an utterance like j’ai eu mangé du requin as I have eaten shark at least once.The “standard” and “regional” forms do not only differ in terms of semantics. They are also different at the morphological level: whereas the former are constructed by auxiliary composition (avoir eu + fait), the latter are constructed by the insertion of the morpheme eu, which is an experiential marker, in the composed verbal phrase: avoir (+eu) fait. Of course this difference is not “visible” for forms constructed with the auxiliary “avoir”. It is however revealed with verbs requiring the auxiliary “être”: resultative forms are constructed on the model avoir été + parti (quand il a été parti, je suis allée me coucher), while experiential forms are constructed on the model être (+eu) parti (on est eu partis en vacances en Italie).As the form-meaning correspondence is absolute, the present work proposes a view according to which these forms correspond to different verbal forms and not only distinct uses

The sexual assault and gendered violence Native American women face has started to garner attention from politicians, newspapers, and Hollywood producers. Most of today's discourse, however, ignores history. My historical analysis reveals how sexual violence against Indigenous women has been institutionalized since the very first days of colonization, and how these institutions ensured gendered violence would endure over time. First, I analyze how gender roles within Indigenous communities, specifically the Cherokee, led to Native women's subjugation and enabled intracommunal violence. Next, I examine particular federal Indian policies that have created a complex system of jurisdictional conflict that prevents tribal governments from addressing sexual assault in their communities. Finally, I bring in Native women's perspectives through creative forms, like fiction and art. These creative forms engage with history in a way that helps complete the historical account. In examining history and Native women's creative forms, I hope to illuminate how historical institutions continue to operate today, and how that conclusion will become the base of a decolonized future.

Among the multitude of interventions to address the worst forms of child labor (WFCL), one of the responses to the presence of WFCL has been the institution of child labor monitoring (CLM). While systems to systematically monitor children with respect to their exposure and risks have been implemented, the degree of their efficacy and ultimately their effect on the targeted populations begs academic scrutiny. This dissertation seeks to provide an empirical view of the community-level dynamics that emerge in response to a community-based CLM program and their effects, in turn, on the CLM itself. An embedded multiple case study methodology, surveying longitudinally at two points in time using a mix of purposive and probability sampling techniques, was employed for this study. Two communities, Ahokwa in the Western Region, and Dwease in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, were selected as cases. The study finds that between the two points of observation - before and after the introduction of CLM - a profound reduction of WFCL is observed in Dwease, whereas much less reduction was observed in Ahokwa. A point-by-point analysis within and between the two villages reveals that individual, social and institutional factors worked together to transform behavior in Dwease. The principal change catalysts in Dwease were (a) a heightened awareness of child work hazards and a deepened parental investment in child education working at the individual level, coupled with (b) new norms created by the town’s opinion leaders and the emergence of peer accountability at the social level, and (c) monitoring carried out by the Community Data Collection (CDC) and enforcement carried out by the Community Child Protection Committee (CCPC) - the two new institutions constituting CLM at the community-level. The underlying social dynamic proved to be decisive: a tipping point was crossed in Dwease whereby progressive opinion leaders in the community, who, once sensitized to recognize the pejorative effects of CL/WFCL, created new social norms and spurred a critical mass of community members to rid their community of CL/WFCL. This study shows that with sufficient local ownership, and if properly instituted, the tandem operation of child protection committees and child labor monitoring enables a community to effectively detect, police and mitigate the practice of child labor and WFCL. / acase@tulane.edu

This study was conducted to evaluate several forms of equations for predicting Cheddar cheese yields based on the fat and protein content of milk and moisture content of cheese. Production and quality control data from a Cheddar cheese plant for one entire year was used. This included the pounds of milk that went into each vat of cheese, yield of cheese from each vat, cheese moisture from each vat, and fat and protein percentages of the milk. Seven models were derived to predict the yield of Cheddar cheese. The seven models were statistically fitted to the data by applying the Marquardt non-linear least squares method of iteration. These were compared with the commonly used Van Slyke and Price formula, with casein estimated as a percentage of total protein. The differences among the eight models were small.

Notre travail se propose d’examiner la littérature roumaine dans l’esprit de la théorie de l’antimodernité énoncée par Antoine Compagnon dans son ouvrage Les antimodernes. De Joseph de Maistre à Roland Barthes (Gallimard, 2005). Après une partie consacrée à la théorie des formes sans fond, qui est le principal repère, dans le champ culturel roumain moderne, du débat modernité/antimodernité, notre étude dresse le portrait de quelques écrivains de première importance engagés dans cette polémique : Titu Maiorescu, Vasile Alecsandri, Ion Luca Caragiale, Beniamin Fundoianu (Benjamin Fondane), Mircea Eliade, Emil Cioran. Un chapitre à part est consacré à la façon dont fut accueilli dans la littérature roumaine Baudelaire, et aux disputes engagées à cette occasion autour de l’idée de modernité entre les partisans de celle-ci et ses adversaires.Je tiens à exprimer ma gratitude aux deux directeurs de cette thèse et à les remercier pour leur appui et leur disponibilité pendant les quatre années de son élaboration. / The purpose of this thesis is to apply to Romanian literature Antoine Compagnon’s theory upon antimodernity, as it is formulated in his study Les antimodernes. De Joseph de Maistre à Roland Barthes (Gallimard, 2005). We analyze the theory of „forms without substance”, the main illustration of the modernity-antimodernity debate in the Romanian culture, as well as different profiles of Romanian authors, such as Titu Maiorescu, Vasile Alecsandri, Ion Luca Caragiale, Beniamin Fundoianu (Benjamin Fondane), Mircea Eliade, Emil Cioran. The thesis also deals with the perception of Charles Baudelaire in Romanian literature, which further reflects the issues of modernity and its denial.I would like to thank both coordinators of my thesis for the support and kindness shown during our colaboration in the last four years.

<p>This thesis makes a survey of converse theorems for Dirichlet series. A converse theo-rem gives sufficient conditions for a Dirichlet series to be the Dirichlet series attachedto a modular form. Such Dirichlet series have special properties, such as a functionalequation and an Euler product. Sometimes these properties characterize the modularform completely, i.e. they are sufficient to prove the proper transformation behaviourunder some discrete group. The problem dates back to Hecke and Weil, and has morerecently been treated by Conrey et.al. The articles surveyed are:</p><ul><li>"An extension of Hecke's converse theorem", by B. Conrey and D. Farmer</li><li>"Converse theorems assuming a partial Euler product", by D. Farmer and K.Wilson</li><li>"A converse theorem for ¡0(13)", by B. Conrey, D. Farmer, B. Odgers and N.Snaith</li></ul><p>The results and the proofs are described. The second article is found to contain anerror. Finally an alternative proof strategy is proposed.</p>

Background: The changing demands of the environment is leading to the development of new organisational forms. These organisations are characterised by flexibility, specialisation, delegation of authorities and development of competence. Small organisations that have started to adapt innovative constructions in order to be flexible are becoming of increasing importance in trade and industry but are given little attention in current research. Purpose: To make an in-depth study of Agora in order to increase the understanding about small organisations where the majority of the work force consists of self-employed actors. Realisation: We have made a case study on one company, namely Agora. Our empirical findings where collected through six in-depth interviews. Results: We have come to the conclusion that Agora cannot be seen as neither a network organisation nor an imaginary organisation but something in between: an imaginary network. Furthermore, we have identified three main forces that hold the company together: the shared values, the business concept of Agora and the leadership. There is a distinct and strong leadership that to a large extent is linked to the personality of the CEO and it is crucial for the maintenance of Agora.