Magistro darbe nagrinėjamos literatūros formos ir strategija Oulipo grupės („Potencialios literatūros dirbtuvės“ – literatūrinis judėjimas, susiformavęs Prancūzijoje septintajame dešimtmetyje) kūryboje ir lietuvių autorių tekstuose. Į eksperimentą darbe žvelgiama iš rašytojo pozicijos, kaip į sąmoningą skirtingų literatūros elementų jungimą ir suvaržymų taikymą, rezultate gaunant naujas literatūros formas ir struktūras. Tiriamosios medžiagos pagrindas – Oulipo grupės literatūrines sampratas plėtojantys teoriniai straipsniai ir praktinis tradicinių bei naujų metodų taikymas literatūrai. Lietuvių literatūros eksperimentus pristato šie kūriniai: poeto P. Morkūno (1900-1941) poezijos rinkinys „Dainuoja degeneratas: dadaistiški imažinistiniai eilėraščiai“ (1993), J. Meko (g. 1922) dienoraštis „Žmogus be vietos. Nervuoti dienoraščiai“ (2000) ir V. Klimašausko (g. 1977) romanas „Alfavilnius, arba Keisti Arnoldo Sputniko nuotykiai“ (2008). Magistro darbe įgyvendinti tokie tikslai: pristatytos kalbiniais suvaržymais paremtos literatūros formos (lipograma, palindromas, totograma, taip pat transformacijos metodas S+7 ir kt.). Išryškinti žanriniai ir struktūriniai eksperimentai I. Calvino, R. Queneau ir J. Meko konkrečiuose kūriniuose. Pasitelkiant R. Queneau ir V. Klimašausko tekstus, aptartos tradicinės knygos transformacijos galimybės ir jų reikšmė kūrinių prasmei. Apibendrinant Oulipo grupės ir lietuvių autorių literatūros eksperimentus, prieinama prie išvados, jog eksperimentas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The analysis of Lithuanian authors performances and the Oulipo experimental works with literary forms and strategies disclosed that the experiment is perceived as the conscious conjunction of literary elements and accommodation of constraints. As a result there is the emergence of new forms and structures. The main objectives of Master’s thesis are these: to present literary forms which are based on constraints; to reveal literary experiments related to genre and structure in the texts of I. Calvino, R. Queneau and J. Mekas; and through the works of R. Queneau and V. Klimašauskas to review several options of “the ordinary book” transformation and these influence to the meaning of the work. Analysis of the Oulipo group and Lithuanian authors works leads to the conclusion that experiment is expressed in all fundamental areas of literature. The competence of literary science is essential for the author because – as before starting the experimental work author is able to choose from the largest number of experimental elements and consequently he receive a variety of results. / Après avoir analysé les formes et la stratégie des expériments littéraires dans les oeuvres d‘Oulipo et des textes des auteurs lituaniens, on peut souligner que l‘expériment est reflété comme la conjonction consciente des éléments littéraires et l‘accommodation des contraintes dont le résultat est l‘apparition de nouvelles formes et structures. La base des matériaux étudiés – les articles théoriques du groupe Oulipo et l‘adaptation pratique des méthodes traditionelles et modernes. Les exemples des expériments lituaniens sont présents dans les oeuvres suivants: „Dainuoja degeneratas: Dadaistiški imažinistiniai eilėraščiai“ (P. Morkūnas), „Žmogus be vietos: Nervuoti dienoraščiai“ (J. Mekas), „Alfavilnius, arba Keisti Arnoldo Sputniko nuotykiai“ (V. Klimašauskas). Le but de ce mémoire est multifonctionnel: montrer les formes littéraires qui s‘accommodent aux contraintes particulières (lipogramme, palindrome, tautogramme, la méthode S+7 etc.), révéler des expériments liés aux genres et structures dans les textes d‘I. Calvino, R. Queneau et J. Mekas. Grâce aux ouvrages de R. Queneau et V. Klimašauskas, on a examiné quelques possibilités de transformation du livre et leur importance au sens de l‘oeuvre. Finalement, la revue des expériments d‘Oulipo et des auteurs lituaniens se dirige vers une conclusion espérée qu‘un expériment s‘exprime dans la littérature et toutes ses domaines fondamentales. Avant de se mettre au travail expérimental, la compétence des sciences litéraires est... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Record keeping is not a static way to document history but rather a way for people in the present to engage with, and be affected by, the past. This is especially true in the case of online databases. Databases store information but their use also encourages the adoption of specific methodologies for apprehending reality because it is through those methodological agreements that the information in the database becomes relevant. In the summer of 2012 I spent four months observing and interviewing wheat researchers and database developers at a major agricultural research center in Mexico as part of my M.A. thesis project. This paper argues that people using the International Wheat Information System (IWIS) database at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) are involved in a process that documents wheat pedigree information while also enacting a reality based on assumptions about the value of certain types of human pedigree.

Phosphorus (P) pollution has been identified as the most significant agriculture-related threat to water quality impairment in Canada. One approach to reduce P pollution is to identify soils with high P loss potential and develop management strategies to minimize that risk. This thesis contributes towards greater understanding of short- and long- term P dynamics in soils to which different P sources had been applied (Chapters 3 and 4) and improvement in the P measurements for determining long-term P loss potential (Chapter 5). Chapter 3 evaluated immediate and residual effects of swine manure and fertilizer on soil P. Soils were sampled from Brookston clay loam in south-western Ontario, Canada which were treated with liquid (LM), solid (SM), composted (MC) manure and fertilizer, only in the corn phase. Soils were analyzed using a modified Hedley’s fractionation. All P sources influenced soil labile and moderately labile P in the year of application, while MC and SM showed significant residual impacts in the following year. Residual effects of MC and SM are beneficial for crops; however, there may be a P loss potential through leaching and runoff. Chapter 4 considered long-term effects of dairy manure slurry (DMS) and ammonium nitrate (AN) on soil P. Soils were sampled from south coastal region of BC, Canada, which were treated with DMS or AN at 50 or 100 kg NH4-N ha-1, and analyzed using a modified Hedley’s fractionation. DMS significantly increased labile and moderately stable P in surface soil, indicating short- and long-term impacts on P availability and loss potential. Chapter 5 analyzed a new test to predict long-term soil P loss potential. Soils were collected from four agro-ecological areas across Canada, and analyzed using Mehlich-3, Olsen, Resin strips (RMS), FeO-strips, and new procedures: various combinations of NaOH with and without EDTA, with four shaking periods. Statistically significant linear and quadratic relationships between the RMS and NaOH with EDTA-P indicated that the latter provide an efficient basis for predicting long-term soil P loss potential. A highly significant relationship between RMS-P and 0.025M NaOH with EDTA-P indicates this extractant was effective for measuring Total Releasable P. / Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Eutanazija – vienas labiausiai diskutuotinų reiškinių tiek Lietuvoje, tiek ir visame pasaulyje. Dėl šio reiškinio specifiškumo – kito asmens gyvybės atėmimo altruistiniais tikslais, siekiant išvaduoti jį nuo nepakeliamų kančių, kyla daug pagrįstų klausimų jo kriminalizavimo prasme. Daugumoje pasaulio valstybių eutanazija kriminalizuota, ir tik absoliuti mažuma šalių eutanaziją yra legalizavusios. Lietuvoje eutanazija taip pat laikoma nusikalstama veika. Tačiau kyla klausimų ar ši nusikalstama veika negalėtų būti legalizuota, nes daugelio teisės specialistų nuomone, eutanazija laikytina nepavojinga nusikalstama veika. Šio darbo tikslas - ištirti eutanazijos reiškinio Lietuvos Respublikoje teisinį reglamentavimą ir jo kriminalizavimo pagrįstumą bei nustatyti šios nusikalstamos veikos baudžiamumo ribas. Atsižvelgiant į šio darbo tikslą, pirmiausia siekta pateikti objektyvią ir praktinę patirtį turinčių specialistų nuomonę, kaip galimai glaudžiausiai susiduriančių su eutanazijos reiškiniu. Todėl buvo atliekamas sociologinis tyrimas apklausiant Lietuvos Respublikos teisininkus ( teisėjus, advokatus, prokurorus ), gydytojus, ir psichologus, bei imami interviu iš minėtų sričių specialistų. Buvo siekiama sužinoti kokiu požiūriu šie specialistai vadovaujasi, kokios priežastys tai įtakoja, kokias kliūtis įžvelgia eutanazijai esant kriminalizuotai, tiek ją legalizavus, taip pat sužinoti kitus dalykus padedančius ištirti eutanazijos reiškinį bei jo baudžiamumą. Be minėtų dalykų, šiame... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Euthanasia – one of the most discussed issues in Lithuania and around the world. Specificity of this phenomenon - killing another person with altruistic purposes in order to liberate him from the unbearable suffering, raises ciminalization reasonabily questions of this issue. Euthanasia is criminalized in most countries of the world, and only absolute minority of counties have legalized it. In the Republic of Lithuania, euthanasia is also a criminal act. But there are many arising questions about legalizing it, becouse it is not a serious crime, according to the experts of the law. The purpose of this work is to investigate the legal regulation and reasonability of criminalization of phenomenon of euthanasia in the Republic of Lithuania and to determine the punishibility limits of this criminal act. According to this purpose, it is primarily aimed to provide objective and practical experienced opinion of specialists, possibly the closest to experiencing the phenomenon of euthanasia. Therefore, sociological research was done which was carried out by surveys to the lawyers ( judges, lawyers, prosecutors), physicians, and psychologists of the Republic of Lithuania, also an interviews were taken from the experts of the profession aforesaid. It was aimed to find out, in terms of what these profesionals follow, what are the reasons that influenced it, what kind of disatvantages sees of the criminality or legality of euthanasia, and other important things that could help to... [to full text]

Tvora - bet kokia užtvara apie kiemą, sodybą, daržą ar kitokį žemės sklypą (Lietuvių kalbos žodynas, 2008). Darbo objektas – Šiaulių miesto Medelyno, Ginkūnų ir Vijolių mikrorajonų individualių sodybų tvoros. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti tvorų funkcijas, formas ir konstrukcijas tirtuose individualiose sodybose Šiaulių miesto mikrorajonuose. Darbo uždaviniai – 1. Nustatyti tvorų funkcijas, būdingas tiruose Vijolių, Medelyno Ginkūnų individualių sodybų mikrorajonuose, remiantis tvorų ažūriškumu, aukščiu, derėjimu prie aplinkos ir būkle. 2. Nustatyti iš kokių medžiagų yra pagamintos tvoros, kurios išsiskiria savo formomis. 3.Apibūdinti tvorų konstrukcijas Vijolių, Medelyno, Ginkūnų mikrorajonų individualiose sodybose. 4. Apibūdinti 10 išskirtinių, originalių individualių sodybų tvorų. Darbo metodai – baigiamojo bakalauro darbo tyrimas buvo atliekamas Šiaulių miesto Medelyno, Ginkūnų, Vijolių individualių sodybų mikrorajonuose. Buvo įvertintos 150 individualių sodybų tvoros. Vertintos individualių sodybų tvoros fiksuotos nuotraukose, vizualiai vertintas tvorų ažūriškumas, aukštis, derėjimas prie aplinkos, medžiagiškumas, būklė, apibūdintos konstrukcijos bei medžiagos, iš kurių tvertos tvoros. Duomenys vedami į pagrindinę tvorų vertinimo lentelę. Analizuojant duomenis ir remiantis tvorų ažūriškumu, aukščiu, derėjimu prie aplinkos, medžiagiškumu ir būkle, tiriamos tvorų funkcijos, formos ir konstrukcijos Šiaulių miesto individualiose sodybose. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad individualių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Fence – any barrier enclosing a yard, homestead, garden or any other plot of land. Subject of the paper – fences of private homesteads in Medelynas, Ginkūnai and Vijoliai neighborhoods of Šiauliai city. Aim of the paper – to determine functions, forms and constructions of fences in neighborhoods of Šiauliai city under research. Objectives of the paper – 1. To determine characteristic functions of fences in private homesteads in Medelynas, Ginkūnai and Vijoliai neighborhoods of Šiauliai city referring to openwork, height, consistency to environment and condition thereof. 2. To determine the material composition of the fences distinguishing themselves by forms thereof. 3. To describe constructions of the fences in private homesteads of Vijoliai, Medelynas, Ginkūnai neighborhoods. 4. To describe 10 exclusive extraordinary fences of private homesteads. Methods of the paper – research of the final bachelor’s degree thesis was conducted in Medelynas, Ginkūnai and Vijoliai neighborhoods of Šiauliai city. 150 fences of private homesteads were assessed. Pictures depicting fences of private homesteads were assessed, openwork, height, consistency to environment, materiality and condition of the fences were assessed on the visual basis, constructions and materials used for fencing were described. The data were entered into the main table of fence assessment. Functions, forms and constructions of fences in private homesteads of Šiauliai city were examined by the analysis of data and on... [to full text]

Bakalauro baigiamasis darbas, kurio tikslas - sukurti žiniatinklio dialogo formų generavimo sistemą, bei realizuoti žiniatinklio dialogo formos laukų susiejimą su nutolusios DB laukais. Darbui įgyvendinti buvo išanalizuotos žiniatinklio dialogo formų generavimo sistemų savybės ir jų analogai. Suformuluota darbo reikalavimų specifikacija, detalizuojama architektūros specifikacija, atliktas sukurtos sistemos testavimas ir parašytas vartotojo vadovas. / Final paper which main goal is to create web dialogs forms generation system, capable of linking web dialogs forms field with remote DB field. To achieve this goal, web dialogs forms generation systems were analyzed for their functionality. Specified requirement specification, explained architecture specification, done extensive testing of the created system and written user manual.

This research is part of an ongoing project to create gypsum wallboards with enhanced fire resistance. The main goal of this research is to better understand the dehydration properties of calcium sulfate dihydrate, and the hydration of calcium sulfate hemihydrate as well as anhydrous calcium sulfate. The lab-scale kinetics of these processes were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and sorption analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the products from different processes. In addition to the instrumental studies, small batches were handled in ovens and liquid slurries to better mimic the real world processing of these materials. The effects of temperature, time and humidity were investigated to determine their influence on the kinetics of dehydration/hydration of different hydration forms of calcium sulfate.

This dissertation is a study of the ontological foundations of true and false speech in Plato’s Sophist. Unlike most contemporary scholarship on the Sophist, my dissertation offers a wholistic account of the dialogue, demonstrating that the ontological theory of the “communing” of forms and the theory of true and false speech later in the dialogue entail one another. As I interpret it, the account of true and false speech in the Sophist is primarily concerned with true and false speech about the forms. As Plato sees it, we can only make true statements about spatio-temporal beings if it is possible to make true statements about the forms. Statements about the forms, however, make claims about how forms “commune” with other forms, that is, how forms are intelligibly related to and participate in one another. If forms stand in determinate relations of participation to other forms, however, then forms, as the relata of these relations, must compose structured wholes. Yet if they compose structured wholes, there must be a higher order normative principle that explains their structure. This creates a regress problem. In order to ground the structure of spatio-temporal beings, forms must be the highest explanatory principles. The theory of the “communing” of forms, however, makes it seem as if the forms require further explanation. This dissertation argues (1) that in the Sophist Plato solves the regress problem and (2) that, by doing so, he is able to ground true and false speech about the forms. I demonstrate that he solves the regress problem by differentiating a form’s nature from a form qua countable object. Then I show that this distinction between a form’s nature and a form qua countable object explains how true and false statements about the forms are possible.

Organizational Networking is an eminently modern concept and has been more and more investigated by scholars in recent years. However, little research has focused on the impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Networking. The reason of this is that there is a duality in the field of culture between culture within organizations and culture within organizational networks. We argue that none of those stances alone can provide a comprehensive view of cultural phenomena within networking organizations and that a new perspective should be taken. In order to investigate the subject, we bring in the concept of Interorganizational Culturing and investigate it from an Actor-Network Theory perspective, which leads us to the following research question: which are the actors of Interorganizational Culturing in a networking organization? To gain insight on the topic, we have searched for theories on cultures within both the scope of organizations and organizational networks to build upon. In order to illustrate our research, we have conducted unstructured interviews in accordance to Actor-Network Theory principles. Our investigation was led through the use of convenience sampling method and was performed with six large Swedish organizations which activities differ and size varies. Our findings suggest that there are both structural and cultural actors to Interorganizational Culturing, the latter being the ones that can be influenced by the organization. The Actor-Network Theory perspective enabled us to show that many of the dynamics are sparked by nonhuman entities such as components or Organizational Culture (values, beliefs, behaviours). Therefore managers should reflect upon the fact that the potential of improving interorganizational collaboration in their organization lies in their very hands and that they should ask themselves the following question: how ready are we to collaborate more in order to compete better?

The thesis presents an exploration into the relationship between food and planning in Helsinki and Stockholm. It looks at the top-down side of planning and the bottom-up side of urban gardening to investigate how food and urban gardening are taken into consideration in the official planning; how two urban gardening initiatives, Dodo's Kääntöpöytä and Trädgård på spåret, are involved in shaping their city; and what the relationship between the two sides is. The study is qualitative and uses case study approach, netnography, interviews, questionnaires, planning documents, and observation to answer the research questions. The literature review includes food systems and planning, urban agriculture, and planning theory on public participation, urban forms and sustainability. Urban food planning cannot be said to exist in either city yet, but Helsinki has a relatively recent strategy that aims to improve the food system and accommodate more urban gardening, and urban gardening is increasingly allowed in both cities. The gardening organisations, Dodo and Trädgård på spåret, are involved in planning in different ways, but both wish to promote urban gardening as a sustainable strategy. The relationship between the two sides is generally positive, and both initiatives are in line with their city's goal of becoming more sustainable.