Hochwertige Schulungsmaterialien für die unternehmensinterne Weiterbildung sind ein erster wichtiger Schritt hin zu einem effektiven Wissensmanagement. Einmal erstellt, können digitale Lerninhalte immer wieder eingesetzt werden. Allerdings ist die Pflege und Anpassung an die Anforderungen verschiedener Zielgruppen und Auslieferungsformate mit herkömmlicher E-Learning-Autorensoftware sehr aufwändig. Nicht so bei serverbasierter Software – sie ermöglicht die Planung, Erstellung, Auslieferung, Verwaltung und Pflege wiederverwendbarer digitaler Lernmaterialien. Dies ist der Ausgangspunkt für eine Vielzahl individueller Weiterbildungsangebote – ohne erneuten Aufwand für die Erstellung der Lerninhalte.

The purposes of this research were¡G¡]1¡^to understand the aims of learning content of different textbooks.¡]2¡^to uncover learning content of different textbooks.¡]3¡^to offer feasible suggestions according to the results. This research adopted content analysis approach and interview to analyze the volume 5-8 learning content of different textbooks ¡]Kaohsiung Chien-Kou textbooks , Nani textbooks , and Kingan textbooks¡^censored from Ministry of Education in 2006. The conclusions of this research were as follows¡G 1. Education aims¡G¡]1¡^Chien-Kou textbooks¡GThey put emphases on communication,ethnicism,multi-culture,localism,and culture learning.They should add ability targets in the teacher guidebook.¡]2¡^Nani textbooks¡GThey put emphases on communication,language cognition, and tender regards.They should add multi-culture, localism,and ethnicism.¡]3¡^Kingan textbooks¡G They put emphases on communication and decompressing learning.They should add multi-culture,localism,ethnicism ,and edit language with academic attitude. 2. Education content¡G¡]1¡^Chien-Kou textbooks¡G They put emphases on literature and objectivity.They should enhance teaching aids, and decrease quantity and difficulty.¡]2¡^Nani textbooks¡GThey put emphases on literature,proverbs,songs,pictures,and sentence patterns.They should enhance conversation,nativism, multi-culture,vocabulary,and life practicality.¡]3¡^Kingan textbooks¡GThey put emphases on life practicality,timeliness, pictures,songs, and variety.They should strengthen sentence patterns,multi-culture,and proverbs edited in lessons. 3. Education organization¡G¡]1¡^ Chien-Kou textbooks¡GThey put emphases on mentality,concentric circles rule, and ranking.They should enhance to discriminate difficulty among Grade 3-4,and variety.¡]2¡^Nani textbooks¡GThey put emphases on mentality ,ranking,timeliness,and integration.They should enhance continuation,large unit integration,and variety.¡]3¡^Kingan textbooks¡GThey put emphases on ranking,continuation,horizontal integration,and mentality.They should enhance variety, difficulty link among Grade,and large unit integration. 4. Education methods¡G¡]1¡^Chien-Kou textbooks¡GThey put emphases on steady language teaching.They should enhance multi-alacrity, connection with home and school,and teaching aids.¡]2¡^Nani textbooks¡GThe best character is written by on-the-job teachers. They put emphases on connection with home and school,adaptive learning, and systematic language learning.They should enhance teaching aids and words.¡]3¡^Kingan textbooks¡GThey put emphases on multi-alacrity.The best parts are decompressing and natural learning.They should enhance connection with home and school, and dynamic teaching games. 5. Education assessing¡G¡]1¡^Chien-Kou textbooks¡GThe best character is to combine teaching with assessing.They put emphases on cognition.They should enhance mentality,diagnosis,alternative assessing,the teacher guidebook edition,and add some easy assessing.¡]2¡^Nani textbooks¡GThe best characters are multi-adaption,cooperation between teachers and parents, and formative assessing.They put emphases on mentality.They should enhance diagnosis,alternative assessing,and design techniques to complete assessing easily.¡]3¡^Kingan textbooks¡G Having no pressure and learning easily are the greatest characteristics. They put emphases on technical ability.They should enhance mentality,diversification,diagnosis,alternative assessing, and improve the degree of difficulty. In accordance with the results of this research, suggestions concerning aspects of the textbook publishers,authorties,schools and teachers were put forward. Follow-up studies were also proposed.

In this new era of mobile society and information explosion, people are continuously receiving different kinds of information representation at anytime and everywhere, how to quickly learn and absorb different kinds of information to become one¡¦s own knowledge is an important challenge for modern people. Due to the rapid advancement of mobile communication & wireless transmission technology, many scholars in academia were believed that these new technologies will have a great impact on the way of learning in the future. As a matter of fact, by effectively applying short-message services as learning content delivery (LCD) methods, including SMS and MMS, provided by mobile phone system to deliver different learning content representation (LCR) types, Mobile Learning (M-learning) can be implemented accordingly. However, the most important issue is whether M-learning based on these LCD methods and LCR types can really achieve good learning outcomes and be accepted by mobile learners. In this research we will explore the restraint of short-term memory (STM) ability of psychological learning process through technology-mediated learning theory on assessing learning outcomes in M-learning environment. The finding of this study is to match different LCR types with different LCD methods to fit learners¡¦ different STM abilities would cause higher learning outcomes in M-learning environment. Therefore, we suggest that Learners with lower verbal and lower nonverbal STM capacity, the most suitable way to help their learning is just providing them the basic learning materials; learners with higher verbal and lower nonverbal STM capacity, providing them additional written annotations will help them learn better; learners with lower verbal and higher nonverbal STM capacity, providing them additional pictorial annotations will help them learn better; and Learners with higher verbal and higher nonverbal STM capacity, the best way is to cater them both written annotations and pictorial annotations in M-learning environment.

Hochwertige Schulungsmaterialien für die unternehmensinterne Weiterbildung sind ein erster wichtiger Schritt hin zu einem effektiven Wissensmanagement. Einmal erstellt, können digitale Lerninhalte immer wieder eingesetzt werden. Allerdings ist die Pflege und Anpassung an die Anforderungen verschiedener Zielgruppen und Auslieferungsformate mit herkömmlicher E-Learning-Autorensoftware sehr aufwändig. Nicht so bei serverbasierter Software – sie ermöglicht die Planung, Erstellung, Auslieferung, Verwaltung und Pflege wiederverwendbarer digitaler Lernmaterialien. Dies ist der Ausgangspunkt für eine Vielzahl individueller Weiterbildungsangebote – ohne erneuten Aufwand für die Erstellung der Lerninhalte.

Lerncontentmodelle beschreiben den modularen Aufbau von Lernmaterialien auf verschiedenen Komplexitätsebenen von Assets bis hin zu fertigen Kursmaterialien. In Autorenwerkzeugen wird diese Untergliederung oft unterstützt, bspw. durch Mediendatenbanken, modularisierte Inhaltsstrukturen oder pädagogische Metadaten zum unterstützten Lernszenario. User Generated Content in Social-Software-Anwendungen entsteht nicht auf diesem strukturierten Weg, sondern spontan und abhängig von den bereitgestellten Funktionen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass sie sich aber weiterhin bezüglich ihrer Abhängigkeit vom Lernkontext klassifizieren lassen. Als Abstufungen ergeben sich Assets, Informations- und Lernobjekte, zielgruppenbasierte Zusammenstellungen und Kursunterlagen. Damit soll einerseits eine taxonomische Grundlage geschaffen werden, um User Generated Content als Lernmaterialien einzuordnen, es ist aber vornehmlich ein erster Schritt hin zur deren systematischer Re-Integration in institutionelle Lernmaterialien.

Lerncontentmodelle beschreiben den modularen Aufbau von Lernmaterialien auf verschiedenen Komplexitätsebenen von Assets bis hin zu fertigen Kursmaterialien. In Autorenwerkzeugen wird diese Untergliederung oft unterstützt, bspw. durch Mediendatenbanken, modularisierte Inhaltsstrukturen oder pädagogische Metadaten zum unterstützten Lernszenario. User Generated Content in Social-Software-Anwendungen entsteht nicht auf diesem strukturierten Weg, sondern spontan und abhängig von den bereitgestellten Funktionen. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass sie sich aber weiterhin bezüglich ihrer Abhängigkeit vom Lernkontext klassifizieren lassen. Als Abstufungen ergeben sich Assets, Informations- und Lernobjekte, zielgruppenbasierte Zusammenstellungen und Kursunterlagen. Damit soll einerseits eine taxonomische Grundlage geschaffen werden, um User Generated Content als Lernmaterialien einzuordnen, es ist aber vornehmlich ein erster Schritt hin zur deren systematischer Re-Integration in institutionelle Lernmaterialien.

Learning Content Management Systeme (LCMS) unterstützen die professionelle Erstellung, Verwaltung und Auslieferung von Lernmaterialien [BHMH02]. Die Speicherung der hierfür verarbeiteten Lerninhalte in einem zentralen Repository ermöglicht neben deren Wiederverwendung auch den Zugriff für mehrere Nutzer und somit das Zusammenführen der verschiedenen Kompetenzen, die während der Erstellung benötigt werden: Die mithilfe der Lernmaterialien zu vermittelnden Inhalte müssen nicht nur fachlich richtig, sondern auch didaktisch, gestalterisch und technisch für ein oder mehrere Zielgruppen individuell aufbereitet worden sein. Dabei reichen die Zielgruppen von verschiedenen Abteilungen bis hin zu Lernern mit verschiedenen Muttersprachen und Kulturen in international agierenden Unternehmen und Bildungseinrichtungen. Die Arbeit der Nutzer mit dem LCMS wird durch verschiedene Mechanismen und Funktionalitäten erheblich vereinfacht, ihre Zusammenarbeit untereinander blieb bisher aber weitestgehend unbeachtet. Das Promotionsvorhaben, das in Kooperation mit der chemmedia AG erfolgt, setzt an diesem Punkt an. Als Vorbild und somit zur Identifikation von Kommunikations- und Kooperationskonzepten werden Social- Software-Anwendungen herangezogen, bei denen die gemeinsame Content-Erstellung scheinbar unproblematisch stattfindet. Als methodische Klammer wird die DIN EN ISO/IEC 19796 [Deu09] herangezogen. Sie gibt einerseits die für die Analyse nötige Strukturierung der Prozesse bei der Lernangebotserstellung vor und liefert außerdem die für die Evaluation benötigten Qualitätskriterien.

A tese investiga a distinção da Geografia no contexto da educação básica, considerando que a geografia escolar permite que se entenda a espacialidade do mundo, da sociedade. Contudo, pelo fato de muitas vezes a aula de Geografia ser tomada como uma apresentação de curiosidades, uma prática de decorar informações só para fazer as avaliações, o efeito desses saberes na educação das pessoas não aparece de forma sistematizada e clara. A pesquisa procura contribuir para o enfrentamento de dificuldades que marcam a aula de Geografia na escola, entre elas a imprecisão de sua identidade e de sua marca educativa. Para isso foram investigadas as referências de professores sobre os conteúdos das aulas, conforme suas compreensões conceituais da ciência geográfica e da pedagogia que é presente na escola. Quais referências balizam as escolhas dos conteúdos de suas aulas? Nesses profissionais observou-se uma compreensão, tanto da função da aula de Geografia na escola quanto da sua contribuição educacional, orientando-se ora em noções próximas a um senso comum docente e frases de efeito, ora em expressões como localização, mapa, orientação e leitura de mundo sinalizando uma base na Geografia acadêmica e uma considerável distância dos conceitos geográficos do ponto de vista metodológico. Essas referências esbarram em limitações de ordem teórica, metodológica e didática que dificultam a ressignificação dos conteúdos escolares para ler a paisagem, além de limitar a autoria do professor e a aprendizagem do aluno. A exigência fundamental é que tanto os geógrafos educadores da escola básica quanto da academia precisam atentar para a efetiva contribuição da educação geográfica, dando-lhe fundamentação teórica e metodológica, ressaltando-lhe o caráter ético-político no desenvolvimento de um raciocínio espacial por parte dos alunos, e claro, por seus professores. / The thesis investigates the distinction of Geography in the context of basic education, considering that the geographic education at school allows you to understand the spatiality of both the society and the world. However, because too often Geography classes are considered to be a mere presentation of curiosities and due to the practice of memorizing facts for an exam, the effect of such knowledge in general education does not appear in a systematic and clear way. The research aims to contribute to coping with difficulties that make a Geography lesson in school, including the inaccuracy of its identity and its brand of education. For this, I have investigated the references of teachers about the content of their classes, according to their conceptual understandings of Geographical Science and Pedagogy. What references guide the choices of the contents of their classes? Among those professionals there was a common understanding of both the functionality of Geography classes at school and its educational contribution, sometimes guided by notions of a common-sense teaching and catchphrases, and sometimes by expressions like location, the map, orientation and reading the world signaling a base in the academic field and a considerable distance from the geographical concepts from the methodological point of view. These references are hindered by theoretical, methodological and didactic limitations that interfere in the way one reads and understands the landscape, as well as limiting the teacher itself and the students learning. The fundamental requirement is that both Geography teachers and academic geographers must attend for the effective contribution of geographical education, giving to it a theoretical and methodological foundation, emphasizing its ethical-political character during the development of a spatial reasoning by students, and of course by their teachers.

A tese investiga a distinção da Geografia no contexto da educação básica, considerando que a geografia escolar permite que se entenda a espacialidade do mundo, da sociedade. Contudo, pelo fato de muitas vezes a aula de Geografia ser tomada como uma apresentação de curiosidades, uma prática de decorar informações só para fazer as avaliações, o efeito desses saberes na educação das pessoas não aparece de forma sistematizada e clara. A pesquisa procura contribuir para o enfrentamento de dificuldades que marcam a aula de Geografia na escola, entre elas a imprecisão de sua identidade e de sua marca educativa. Para isso foram investigadas as referências de professores sobre os conteúdos das aulas, conforme suas compreensões conceituais da ciência geográfica e da pedagogia que é presente na escola. Quais referências balizam as escolhas dos conteúdos de suas aulas? Nesses profissionais observou-se uma compreensão, tanto da função da aula de Geografia na escola quanto da sua contribuição educacional, orientando-se ora em noções próximas a um senso comum docente e frases de efeito, ora em expressões como localização, mapa, orientação e leitura de mundo sinalizando uma base na Geografia acadêmica e uma considerável distância dos conceitos geográficos do ponto de vista metodológico. Essas referências esbarram em limitações de ordem teórica, metodológica e didática que dificultam a ressignificação dos conteúdos escolares para ler a paisagem, além de limitar a autoria do professor e a aprendizagem do aluno. A exigência fundamental é que tanto os geógrafos educadores da escola básica quanto da academia precisam atentar para a efetiva contribuição da educação geográfica, dando-lhe fundamentação teórica e metodológica, ressaltando-lhe o caráter ético-político no desenvolvimento de um raciocínio espacial por parte dos alunos, e claro, por seus professores. / The thesis investigates the distinction of Geography in the context of basic education, considering that the geographic education at school allows you to understand the spatiality of both the society and the world. However, because too often Geography classes are considered to be a mere presentation of curiosities and due to the practice of memorizing facts for an exam, the effect of such knowledge in general education does not appear in a systematic and clear way. The research aims to contribute to coping with difficulties that make a Geography lesson in school, including the inaccuracy of its identity and its brand of education. For this, I have investigated the references of teachers about the content of their classes, according to their conceptual understandings of Geographical Science and Pedagogy. What references guide the choices of the contents of their classes? Among those professionals there was a common understanding of both the functionality of Geography classes at school and its educational contribution, sometimes guided by notions of a common-sense teaching and catchphrases, and sometimes by expressions like location, the map, orientation and reading the world signaling a base in the academic field and a considerable distance from the geographical concepts from the methodological point of view. These references are hindered by theoretical, methodological and didactic limitations that interfere in the way one reads and understands the landscape, as well as limiting the teacher itself and the students learning. The fundamental requirement is that both Geography teachers and academic geographers must attend for the effective contribution of geographical education, giving to it a theoretical and methodological foundation, emphasizing its ethical-political character during the development of a spatial reasoning by students, and of course by their teachers.

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