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How Perceived Value Influences Business Event Attendees Future Behavioral Intentions: A Comparison between Event ModalitiesSherrell, Elisabeth Ann 05 1900 (has links)
Even two years after the COVID-19 pandemic, the meeting and event industry's efforts must focus on understanding attendees' purchase behaviors and event modality preferences. This study aims to address these factors by using a 2 (Event modality: in-person or virtual) × 6 (six dimensions of perceived value: social value, emotional value, monetary value, functional value, novelty value, and convenience value) between-subject experiment design and a 6 (Six dimensions of perceived value (PV): social value, emotional value, monetary value, functional value, novelty value, and convenience value) x 2 (PV effect on word-of-mouth (WOM) intent and repeat purchase intent (RPI)) between-subject experimental design. Specifically, it applies the perceived value theory in investigating the effects of different value dimensions (social, emotional, monetary, functional, novelty, and convenience) based on attendee event modality (in-person or virtual) and their impact on WOM intent and RPI. The data was collected via Prolific. Different ANOVA and t-tests were conducted. The results suggest that event modality had little bearing on the six dimensions of PV. Results also showed that PV positively impacts WOM intent and RPI.
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負面口碑影響機制:自我構念之調節與歸因模式之中介效果 / The Influence Mechanism of N-WOM: The Moderating Effect of Self-Construal and Mediating Effect of Attributing Pattern陳靜, Chen, Jing Unknown Date (has links)
行銷業者對負面口碑的負面影響已有所共識,它可能直接影響消費者對其產品或服務的知覺價值判斷,進而影響產品評價及購買行為。過往研究將負面口碑區分為理由型和情感型兩類,同時,負面口碑中所包含的訊息可能為產品或服務的主要或次要因素,因而在重要程度上存在差異。此外,考慮到消費者決策情境的不同,本研究以為自己或他人做選擇的方式喚起個體的短期自我構念,探討個體特徵在負面口碑對消費者態度與行為傾向影響過程中的調節效果。另,消費者在處理負面口碑時,可能會對其產生原因進行歸納推理,且存在歸因於產品或服務和口碑產製者兩種認知路徑,不同的歸因模式進而又會影響消費者的產品評價、購買意願等面向。因此,本研究旨在探討負面口碑訊息類型如何影響消費者的態度與行為傾向,並考量負面口碑重要程度和自我構念的調節作用,以及在此過程中歸因模式的可能中介效果。
本研究通過內容分析法在實務場域觀察負面口碑訊息類型,初步探討負面口碑訊息類型與產品評價之間的關係。其後,以兩個實驗設計驗證研究假設,實驗一為2(負面口碑訊息類型:理由型vs.情感型)×2(負面口碑重要程度:主要因素vs.次要因素)的二因子受試者間設計,實驗二則為2(負面口碑訊息類型:理由型vs.情感型)×2(負面口碑重要程度:主要因素vs.次要因素)×2(自我構念:獨立型vs.互依型)的三因子組間設計。研究發現:(一)相較於情感型負面口碑,理由型負面口碑對消費者態度與行為傾向的影響更為顯著。(二)負面口碑重要程度具顯著干擾作用,亦即,當負面口碑重要程度為主要因素時,理由型評論所產生的訊息可信度顯著高於情感型評論。(三)在負面口碑訊息類型、負面口碑重要程度對訊息可信度的影響過程中,歸因模式具有顯著的中介效果。(四)自我構念與負面口碑訊息類型具有交互作用,並連同負面口碑重要程度存在三階交互效果。本研究期望通過負面口碑影響機制理論模型的提出與驗證,對負面口碑傳播效果研究有所貢獻,同時,在實務上為行銷業者管理負面口碑提供參考。
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消費者商品知識與商品屬性對網路口碑效應之影響 / The effects of product knowledge and product attribute on e-WOM effects陳慶緯, Chen, Ching Wei Unknown Date (has links)
No description available.
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Marketing and Facebook : How fashion companies promote themselves on FacebookBairakimova, Kamila, Quiroga Arkvik, Isabel January 2010 (has links)
<p>The social media are internet facilities where people can communicate and discuss through different websites or blogs. The social media has changed the world in many aspect and people are becoming more and more addicted to use these networks. People are fond of the social media because they can be social with a high number of individuals, both be real life friends, as well as strangers. Since the social media has grown to become so popular, companies have taken advantage of this as well. Their goal is to promote themselves through these networks as this can be very lucrative for the business. There are many different social media networks however this study will only be about Facebook. The aim of the study is to find out and describe how companies use Facebook for marketing purposes. An observation of how 34 fashion companies use Facebook for marketing purposes was carried out.</p>
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Marketing and Facebook : How fashion companies promote themselves on FacebookBairakimova, Kamila, Quiroga Arkvik, Isabel January 2010 (has links)
The social media are internet facilities where people can communicate and discuss through different websites or blogs. The social media has changed the world in many aspect and people are becoming more and more addicted to use these networks. People are fond of the social media because they can be social with a high number of individuals, both be real life friends, as well as strangers. Since the social media has grown to become so popular, companies have taken advantage of this as well. Their goal is to promote themselves through these networks as this can be very lucrative for the business. There are many different social media networks however this study will only be about Facebook. The aim of the study is to find out and describe how companies use Facebook for marketing purposes. An observation of how 34 fashion companies use Facebook for marketing purposes was carried out.
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Ingen reklam tack! Men gärna Ikea-katalogen : En studie kring vad som händer när marknadsföringen kliver in i sociala forum på InternetWidén, Sofia, Sundkvist, Sofia January 2008 (has links)
The social network services (SNS) on the Internet are becoming more common, and are starting to have a higher range of users, which is affecting Internet marketing. We (the authors) have a feeling that a growing online marketing within social networks could interrupt the order of social standards. That is why we in this paper have tried to figure out what position marketing has – and might have – within SNS, and what impact it will have on social relations. During qualitative interviews along with both representatives of public relation offices as well as with SNS users, we became aware of the occurring strategies of online marketing, and the users understanding of it. In the information from the interviews, we found some interesting contradictions on which this paper underlies. As a tool to try to sort the information from the interviews out, we had a closer look on what networking really is, and its significance for both relations as well as marketing, since networking is a keyword for both PR offices and SNS users. We also needed to find out more about client relations since it to companies is very much important to manage to keep their clients and create a trust among themselves. They have to know how and where to find their target group and learn their language, otherwise they will easily be seen through. The PR offices stress sincerity and honesty, so do the users. The difference, however, is the definition of its meaning. The offices say that it is most important to be sincere in the first contact, and as soon as the word-of-mouth (WOM) takes form it is no longer in their hands. This WOM method creates a ripple effect which gives the main message a push. The users, on the other hand, want sincerity by being given the opportunity to choose what commercial message they would want to take part of. But they have no idea that the recommendation from the friend really is a well-laid marketing plan. The fact that the SNS users really don’t know how it all works is something we see as an ethical problem. Mostly because the rules of friendship is changing, and that the social life of the human being is becoming a part of marketing. Something that can be prevented – through awareness. / De sociala nätverken på Internet blir allt fler och får allt fler användare, något som i sin tur även påverkar marknadsföringen på Internet. Genom att marknadsföringen tar allt större plats på de sociala nätverken, anar vi att det kan störa relationers sociala ordning. Därför undersöker vi i den här uppsatsen vilken roll marknadsföring har, och kan få, inom sociala nätverk på Internet, och vilken konsekvens det kan få för sociala relationer. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med representanter från PR-byråer och användare av sociala forum på Internet, tog vi del av de förekommande strategierna och användarnas uppfattning av dessa. I intervjumaterialet hittade vi intressanta motsägelser, och det är det som uppsatsen är byggd på. Som verktyg för att reda ut intervjumaterialet har vi tittat närmre på vad nätverk egentligen är och vad det har för betydelse för både relationer och marknadsföring, eftersom det är lite av ett nyckelord båda parter. Gemensamt är bland annat att olika roller är något som vi människor klär i oss varje dag, hela tiden, för att fungera i relationer. Och företagens kundrelationer är a och o för att lyckas bevara kunderna och skapa förtroende sinsemellan. I kapitlet om just kundrelationer får vi veta att det primära för företagen gällande Internetmarknadsföring är att hitta målgruppen och lära sig deras språk, annars kan de lätt bli genomskådade. PR-byråerna betonar öppenhet och ärlighet, lika så användarna. Skillnaden är däremot att de har olika definitioner på vad det egentligen innebär. Från byråernas sida menar man att öppenhet i det första steget är det viktigaste och att då mun-till-mun-metoden tar fart är det inte längre i deras händer. Denna mun-till-mun-metod blir en ”ringar på vattnet”-effekt och budskapet får sig en rejäl skjuts. Användarna å andra sidan vill ha öppenhet och ärlighet genom att få möjlighet att välja vilket reklambudskap de tar till sig. Att tipset från vännen är en del av en genomarbetad marknadsföring har de ingen aning om. Att användarna inte har riktigt koll på hur det hela funkar är något som vi ser som ett etiskt problem. Främst för att vänskapens regler ändras, och att människans sociala liv blir en del av marknadsföringen. Något som kanske kan förhindras – genom medvetenhet.
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NEW MARKETING TOOLS AND REPUTATIONAL RISKS : A STUDY ABOUT MANAGING THE REPUTATIONAL RISKS THAT GUERRILLA MARKETING BRINGS ALONGDe Groot, Mathijs, Hellberg, Joachim, Pitkänen, Linda January 2011 (has links)
Guerrilla marketing is a relatively new way of doing marketing. It is initially used by small companies and/or individuals allowing them to act like large companies. However, more and more large companies use Guerrilla marketing these days. The usage of Guerrilla management can bring advantages but can also increase risks. At this moment little research is done about the way how large companies manage the reputational risk associated with Guerrilla marketing. This is a problem in both science and practise. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to contribute to the understanding of how large companies manage the possible reputational risk that Guerrilla marketing and the communication of Guerrilla marketing brings along. This research is based on several theories, both emerging and dominant about Guerrilla marketing, Viral Marketing, Buzz marketing, Reputational risk and Reputational Risk Management. To do the research, in-depth interviews were held with experts when it comes to managing reputational risk and new marketing tools of four large companies based in Sweden. The analyses show that large companies manage the increasing reputational risks in some extend. Main findings are that the companies do not monitor Guerrilla marketing processes and do not have a central coordination for reputational risk management. This shows that not all companies are really aware of the risk that new marketing tools bring along and do not have a solid reputational risk management.
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Ingen reklam tack! Men gärna Ikea-katalogen : En studie kring vad som händer när marknadsföringen kliver in i sociala forum på InternetWidén, Sofia, Sundkvist, Sofia January 2008 (has links)
<p>The social network services (SNS) on the Internet are becoming more common, and are starting to have a higher range of users, which is affecting Internet marketing. We (the authors) have a feeling</p><p>that a growing online marketing within social networks could interrupt the order of social standards. That is why we in this paper have tried to figure out what position marketing has – and might have – within SNS, and what impact it will have on social relations.</p><p>During qualitative interviews along with both representatives of public relation offices as well as with SNS users, we became aware of the occurring strategies of online marketing, and the users</p><p>understanding of it. In the information from the interviews, we found some interesting contradictions on which this paper underlies. As a tool to try to sort the information from the interviews out, we had a</p><p>closer look on what networking really is, and its significance for both relations as well as marketing, since networking is a keyword for both PR offices and SNS users. We also needed to find out more</p><p>about client relations since it to companies is very much important to manage to keep their clients and create a trust among themselves. They have to know how and where to find their target group and</p><p>learn their language, otherwise they will easily be seen through. The PR offices stress sincerity and honesty, so do the users. The difference, however, is the definition of its meaning. The offices say that it is most important to be sincere in the first contact, and as soon as the word-of-mouth (WOM) takes form it is no longer in their hands. This WOM method creates a ripple effect which gives the main message a push. The users, on the other hand, want sincerity by being given the opportunity to choose what commercial message they would want to take part of. But they have no idea that the recommendation from the friend really is a well-laid marketing plan.</p><p>The fact that the SNS users really don’t know how it all works is something we see as an ethical problem. Mostly because the rules of friendship is changing, and that the social life of the human</p><p>being is becoming a part of marketing. Something that can be prevented – through awareness.</p> / <p>De sociala nätverken på Internet blir allt fler och får allt fler användare, något som i sin tur även påverkar marknadsföringen på Internet. Genom att marknadsföringen tar allt större plats på de sociala nätverken, anar vi att det kan störa relationers sociala ordning. Därför undersöker vi i den här uppsatsen vilken roll marknadsföring har, och kan få, inom sociala nätverk på Internet, och vilken konsekvens det kan få för sociala relationer.</p><p>Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med representanter från PR-byråer och användare av sociala forum på Internet, tog vi del av de förekommande strategierna och användarnas uppfattning av dessa. I intervjumaterialet hittade vi intressanta motsägelser, och det är det som uppsatsen är byggd på. Som verktyg för att reda ut intervjumaterialet har vi tittat närmre på vad nätverk egentligen är och vad det har för betydelse för både relationer och marknadsföring, eftersom det är lite av ett nyckelord båda parter. Gemensamt är bland annat att olika roller är något som vi människor klär i oss varje dag, hela tiden, för att fungera i relationer. Och företagens kundrelationer är a och o för att lyckas bevara kunderna och skapa förtroende sinsemellan. I kapitlet om just kundrelationer får vi veta att det primära för företagen gällande Internetmarknadsföring är att hitta målgruppen och lära sig deras språk, annars kan de lätt bli genomskådade. PR-byråerna betonar öppenhet och ärlighet, lika så användarna. Skillnaden är däremot att de har olika definitioner på vad det egentligen innebär. Från byråernas sida menar man att öppenhet i det första steget är det viktigaste och att då mun-till-mun-metoden tar fart är det inte längre i deras händer. Denna mun-till-mun-metod blir en ”ringar på vattnet”-effekt och budskapet får sig en rejäl skjuts. Användarna å andra sidan vill ha öppenhet och ärlighet genom att få möjlighet att välja vilket reklambudskap de tar till sig. Att tipset från vännen är en del av en genomarbetad marknadsföring har de ingen aning om.</p><p>Att användarna inte har riktigt koll på hur det hela funkar är något som vi ser som ett etiskt problem. Främst för att vänskapens regler ändras, och att människans sociala liv blir en del av marknadsföringen. Något som kanske kan förhindras – genom medvetenhet.</p>
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Social Media im Gesundheitswesen - Chancen und Risiken für Krankenhäuser und Praxen / Social Media in the health service - Chances and risk for hospitals and practiseMenzel, Thomas 05 October 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Social Media ist Kommunikation, ein weiterer Evolutionssprung in den zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen. Die damit verbundenen Tools, wie Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, XING, Blogs, Wiki, und Co, sind nur Werkzeuge, die, wenn man sie strategisch und professionell nutzt, erheblich den aktuellen und vor allem den zukünftigen unternehmerischen Erfolg ausmachen werden.
Social Media verändert das Verhalten der Bürger und ist ein Element des sich gegenwärtig vollziehenden Kulturwandels. Das Gesundheitswesen insgesamt steht noch am Anfang der Nutzung von Social Media.
Die vom Autor durchgeführten Befragungen, Analysen und Wertungen haben diese Einschätzung bestätigt. Erfolgreiche Beispiele der Anwendung von Social Media in Krankenhäusern und Arztpraxen dürfen nicht darüber hinweg täuschen, dass von der Mehrheit der medizinischen Einrichtungen, die Möglichkeiten der Nutzung von sozialen Netzwerken für die externe und interne Kommunikation und damit für die Erhöhung des unternehmerischen Erfolges nicht ausreichend erkannt werden.
Aktives Zugehen auf die Zielgruppen, permanente Nutzung der Tools und des Feedbacks für die Erhöhung des Bekanntheitsgrades der Einrichtung, die Integration der Mitarbeiter und Dienstleister führen zu einer Verbesserung der Patientenzufriedenheit. Sie sind der Schlüssel nicht nur für mehr, sondern auch für qualitativ hochwertigeren Umsatz.
Social Media führte zu einem Wertewandel in der Arbeitskultur auch der medizinischen Einrichtungen. Von Beginn an bei der Arbeit mit sozialen Netzwerken müssen alle Mitarbeiter in den Prozess integriert werden. Ihr Wissen über moderne Medien sollte gezielt und mit Übertragung von Verantwortung eingesetzt werden. Social Media muss zu einem integrierten Arbeitsmittel im Unternehmen werden, denn es lebt von der Einheit externer und interner Kommunikation und trägt entscheidend zur Mitarbeiterzufriedenheit bei.
Die Aktivitäten zur Nutzung von Social Media werden erfolgreich, wenn für alle Arbeiten genügend Zeit und die erforderlichen Ressourcen für die ersten Schritte und für das notwendige permanente Controlling bereitgestellt werden. Der Erfolg von Social Media ist nicht zuletzt davon abhängig, welches Wissen in den medizinischen Einrichtungen vorhanden ist.
Die oft zitierten Risiken beim Einsatz sozialer Netzwerke reduzieren sich im Wesentlichen auf ein nicht professionell geführtes Herangehen. Datenrechtliche- und Sicherheitsrisiken sind mit entsprechendem Wissen und einer klaren Positionierung was, wie, durch wen und wo publiziert wird beherrschbar. Der Erfolg ist nur dann erreichbar, wenn mit exakten Zielvorgaben, machbaren Schritten, klaren Verantwortungen und professionellem Controlling herangegangen wird.
Die Arbeit gibt Anregungen für die Anwendung von Social Media in der Praxis, wie und mit welchen Methoden an den künftigen Einsatz der sozialen Netzwerke herangegangen werden kann, welche rechtlichen Fragen zu beachten sind und das ein effektives Monitoring unbedingt installiert werden muss. Social Media ist eine strategische Aufgabe und sollte in jedem Unternehmen so angesehen und eingeordnet werden. Ein brauchbares Mittel für die weitere Arbeit sieht der Autor in den erarbeiteten Leitfäden für Entscheider.
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Investigating E-servicescape, Trust, E-WOM, and Customer LoyaltyTran, Gina A. 08 1900 (has links)
Old Spice cleverly used a handsome actor to play the Old Spice Man character for a Super Bowl commercial in 2010. After the game, this Old Spice commercial was viewed more than 13 million times on YouTube, a social media video-sharing site. This viral marketing campaign, also known as electronic word-of-mouth (E-WOM), propelled the Old Spice brand into the forefront of consumers’ minds, increased brand awareness, and inspired people to share the video links with their family, friends, and co-workers. The rapid growth of E-WOM is an indication of consumers’ increased willingness to convey marketing messages to others. However, despite this development, marketing academics and practitioners do not fully understand this powerful form of marketing. This dissertation enriches our understanding of E-WOM and how e-servicescape may lead to E-WOM. To that end, stimulus-organism-response theory and the network co-production model of E-WOM are applied to investigate the relationships between e-servicescape, trust, E-WOM intentions, customer loyalty, and purchase intentions. Two forms of E-WOM were examined, namely emails and social network postings. E-servicescape is defined as the online environmental factors of a marketer’s website. E-servicescape is composed of three main dimensions, including aesthetic appeal, financial security, and layout and functionality. This study used cross-sectional customer data from a single e-tailer. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the responses. Customer reviews was added as an additional sub-dimension of e-servicescape. The findings suggest e-servicescape positively impacts trust, which in turn positively influences E-WOM and customer loyalty. Moreover, two groups of customers were compared using multi-group analysis, where one group of users received emails and the other group received social network postings from the same e-tailer. Overall, the results indicated emails had a stronger impact on e-servicescape, E-WOM, and customer loyalty. Social networking site postings had slightly greater influence on trust, and two sub-dimensions of e-servicescape, i.e., interactivity and ease of payment. These findings contribute to the marketing research on E-WOM theory and electronic commerce shopping behavior. In particular, the sub-dimension of customer reviews is added to e-servicescape. This study yields practical implications for marketers in understanding consumers’ perceptions of websites and how to better design sites. In addition, these findings add to knowledge on how to engender consumers’ trust and customer loyalty online. Finally, this research provides suggestions for firms wanting to create marketing campaigns that will lead to E-WOM.
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