Automotive Ethernet is a newly introduced in-vehicle bus that allows unicast communication between ECUs. It is based on the OSI model of Ethernet, with a few modifications on the physical layer and newly introduced application protocols. AUTOSAR, a consortium of automotive OEMs, Tier-1 suppliers and tool vendors has defined a standard software architecture that simplifies the ECU software development with its well defined software specifications and APIs. The Automotive Ethernet stack is now an integral part of the latest AUTOSAR specification release 4.2. Infineon Aurix TriCore TC27x microcontroller is a popular board used in ADAS applications. The board has support for Fast Ethernet. This thesis investigates the setting up of an Ethernet communication on the TriCore board running under AUTOSAR software architecture. The various modules of the AUTOSAR Ethernet stack are familiarized and configured. This is followed up by validating the implementation on the Ethernet physical layer. The validation is based on a real Ethernet communication between the TriCore board and the Vector VN5610 network interface card. TCP and UDP based connections between the AUTOSAR compliant board and the VN5610 are tested and validated. A test suite for evaluating the protocol conformance of the AUTOSAR Ethernet stack exists at Bertrandt. The final step of this thesis involved the execution strategies for this test suite.

AUTOSAR was created as a standard software infrastructure to be able to fulfill a very large amount of requirements. These days, more and more OEMs are trying to introduce AUTOSAR in their products. Since there are a large amount of diagnostic IDs needed in the Engine control unit and also a huge effort is necessary to configure the ECU, it is very much important to have a tool to generate some parts of the Engine Control Unit software, most importantly the diagnostics software. Diagnostic Communication manager is one such AUTOSAR module which deals with a huge amount of diagnostic data identifiers. Also at BEG, In the actual Non-AUTOSAR Bosch Automotive software, there are a number of different features that are needed and expected in the future AUTOSAR software. The aim of this thesis is to develop a tool that successfully introduces AUTOSAR in the BEG projects with all the necessary features and that is best in terms of Usability, Maintainability, and Improvability. This tool has to generate the complete AUTOSAR Diagnostic communication manager software with all the necessary features. The work can be divided into two parts. The first part includes a complete analysis of the existing tools that are used to generate configuration files and code. Then, List out all the possibilities of each tool, find their advantages and disadvantages and compare each of the tools, either individually or as a combination of tools. This is followed by documenting the choice of best way to generate AUTOSAR DCM with all the necessary features. In the second part, the implementation is carried out. After the best tool is chosen, the implementation of the features for that particular tool is planned accordingly so that it generates the DCM software. Implementation is made and then it is tested with the existing test bench.

Vortrag gehalten am 4. Juni 1988 an der Universität Würzburg anläßlich der Exkursion des Aufbaustudienganges "Europäische Integration" des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes Lange vor Einführung des Euro ließ die Bundesbank die private Verwendung der Europäischen Währungseinheit (ECU) in Deutschland zu. Der Beitrag zeichnet die Schaffung und Bedeutung des ECU seit 1979 nach, einschließlich der Unterscheidung von offizieller und privater Verwendung, und benennt einige offene Rechtsfragen im Hinblick auf das Währungsrecht der DM.

Automotive SPICE is used to evaluate the efficiency of the development processes for OEMs and ECU suppliers. It is a domain specific version of SPICE. Many automotive manufacturers are demanding Automotive SPICE level 2 from their suppliers. Application life cycle management solutions specific to automotive industry focus more on standardisation yet providing very little information about performance of processes. This thesis shows how Business Intelligence (BI) solutions can be helpful in achieving Automotive SPICE level 2 compliance and as comprehensive reporting tools. Moreover the evaluation of approaches for implementation of different BI systems has shown that commercial solutions can be beneficial for small to medium size suppliers. Implementing a BI solution can also point out possible improvement opportunities and bad practices for an organisation. The implemented BI system can only be efficient and useful if the underlying data is accurate and responsive.

Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2017-11-30T10:37:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Felipe Costa.pdf: 2622002 bytes, checksum: ae1227fbb019301002367ceabaa6dd1e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-30T10:37:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Felipe Costa.pdf: 2622002 bytes, checksum: ae1227fbb019301002367ceabaa6dd1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a aplicação da metodologia baseado em modelos (MBD – model-based design) para o desenvolvimento de dispositivos eletrônicos de controle e automação para máquinas agrícolas. Baseado nos conceitos de MBD, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de uma central eletrônica embarcada para controle de funções específicas de uma plantadeira. Baseado na definição de requisitos, utilizou-se um conjunto dos principais sensores e atuadores para o desenvolvimento do modelo. Utilizou-se ferramentas como Matlab/Simulink® para o modelamento em fluxo de estados e geração de código automático o qual foi validado em software através da etapa MIL (Model-in-the-Loop). Posteriormente, realizou-se a geração automática de código através da etapa SIL (Softwarein- the Loop), validando-se o firmware gerado em software; e, através da etapa PIL (Processor-in-the Loop), validou-se experimentalmente o código gerado gravando-o no microcontrolador e utilizando materiais de apoio para simulação experimentalmente dos sensores e atuadores. Posteriormente, uma vez validadas as partes do projeto e, como forma de avaliação do sistema em uma situação próxima da realidade de um plantio, desenvolveu-se uma aplicação para avaliar com dispensa controlada de sementes, inclusive avaliando uma possível obstrução de um dos orifícios do disco de dispensa. Como resultado, esta aplicação teve por objetivo propor uma ferramenta para avaliar a distância média do plantio entre sementes, velocidade média do plantio e gerar informações estatísticas a respeito da precisão da dispensa de sementes. Por fim, os resultados de validação e experimentais são apresentados, os quais permitiram concluir que a metodologia baseada em modelos pode ser aplicada também em sistemas agrícolas resultando no rápido desenvolvimento de dispositivos de eletrônica embarcada e permitindo os processos de teste e validação durante o seu desenvolvimento. / The present work presents the application of the model-based methodology (MBD) for the development of electronic control and automation devices for agricultural machines. Based on the concepts of MBD, it was proposed the development of an embedded electronic central to control the specific functions of a planter. Once the requirements were defined, we used a set of the main sensors and actuators for the development of the model. We used tools such as Matlab/Simulink® for stateflow modeling and automatic code generation which was tested and validated in software through MIL (Model-in-the-Loop) step. Later, the automatic generation of code was performed through the Software-in-the-Loop (SIL) step, validating the firmware generated in software; and, through the Processor-in-the-Loop (PIL) step, the generated code was validated by recording it in the microcontroller and using support materials for experimental simulation of sensors and actuators. Later, once the parts of the project were validated and, as a way of evaluating the system in a situation close to the reality of a planting, an application was developed to evaluate with a controlled dispense of seeds, including evaluating a possible obstruction of one of the holes in the dispensing disc. As a result, the objective of this application was to propose a tool to evaluate the average planting distance between seeds, average planting velocity and to generate statistical information about the accuracy of the seed dispensation. Finally, the validation and experimental results are presented, which allowed to conclude that the model-based methodology can be applied also in agricultural systems resulting in the rapid development of embedded electronics devices and allowing the processes of testing and validation during its development.

Die Möglichkeit, komplexe Applikationen für Steuergeräte zu entwerfen und zu implementieren wird durch die Systemarchitektur AUTOSAR stark vereinfacht. Ein Applikations-Entwickler implementiert nur noch die reine Funktionalität, während der Teil, der die Interaktion mit der Hardware ermöglicht, von entsprechenden Werkzeugen automatisch generiert wird. Viele Hersteller bieten hierfür Produkte, die vom grafischen Entwurf der Software bis zu finalen Tests des fertigen Steuergeräte-Codes alles abdecken. Zentrales Element ist hierbei immer die AUTOSAR-XML, welche alle Informationen zur Anwendung aufnimmt. Dadurch können verschiedene Zulieferer einzelne Module zu einer Anwendung beisteuern. Durch den technologischen Fortschritt und die Integrierbarkeit von verfügbaren Teilsystemen oder einzelnen Komponenten werden eingebettete Systeme immer komplexer ([Har02]). Daher müssen neue Spezifikationen erstellt und demzufolge neue AUTOSAR-Versionen publiziert werden. Die Hersteller müssen sich an diese neuen Vorgaben halten, um so konkurrenzfähig auf dem Markt zu bleiben ([ZS14]).

Testing of the Electronic Control Unit is a very important step before delivering the software to customer. Due to increasing complexity in the requirements and the timing constraints, it is needed that the testing should be proper and on time. To meet the timing constraints it is needed to automate the entire process of testing. Although the current testing tool support the automation process, it is very slow. In this thesis a new tool has been developed which will support calibration using CCP and XCP on CAN bus. Secondly, the tool will also provide the feature of automation, where user can write their own script to test the ECU. This will make the entire process of testing very fast. Finally both the solutions will be compared with respect to time for deducing the final conclusion.

Nowadays almost all motorized vehicles use electronic control units (ECUs) to control parts of a vehicle’s function. A good way to understand a vehicle’s behaviour is to analyse logging data containing ECU internal variables. Data must then be transferred from the ECU to a computer in order to study such data. Today, Keyword Protocol (KWP) requests are used to read data from the ECUs at Scania. The method is not suitable if many signals should be logged with a higher transfer rate than the one used today. In this thesis, communication protocols, that allow an ECU to communicate with a computer, are studied. The purpose of this master’s thesis is to examine how the transfer rate of variables from Scania’s ECUs to a computer can become faster compared to the method used today in order to get a more frequent logging of the variables. The method that was chosen was implemented, evaluated and also compared to the method used today. The busload, total CPU load and CPU load for the frequency used during the experiments, 100 Hz, was also examined and evaluated. The experiments performed show that the method chosen, data acquisition (DAQ) with CAN Calibration Protocol (CCP), increased the transfer rate of the internal ECU variables significantly compared to the method using KWP requests. The results also show that the number of signals have a major impact on the busload for DAQ. The busload is the parameter that limits the number of signals that can be logged. The total CPU load and the CPU load for 100 Hz are not affected significantly compared to when no transmissions are performed. Even though the busload can become high if many variables are used in DAQ, DAQ with CCP is preferable over KWP requests. This is due to the great increase in transfer rate of the ECU internal variables and thus a great increase in the logging frequency. / Nuförtiden används styrenheter (ECUer) för att styra delar av ett fordons funktion i så gott som alla motoriserade fordon. Ett bra sätt att förstå ett fordons beteende är att analysera loggningsdata som innehåller interna styrenhetsvariabler. Data måste då överföras från styrenheten till en dator för att data ska kunna studeras. Idag används Keyword Protocol-förfrågningar (KWP-förfrågningar) för att läsa data från Scanias styrenheter. Metoden är inte lämplig om man vill logga många variabler med en högre överföringshastighet än den som används idag. I detta examensarbete studeras kommunikationsprotokoll som tillåter en styrenhet att kommunicera med en dator. Examensarbetets syfte är undersöka hur överföringshastigheten av variablerna, från Scanias styrenheter till en dator, kan ökas jämfört med den metod som används idag för att få en mer frekvent loggning av variablerna. Metoden som valdes implementerades, utvärderades och jämfördes med metoden som används idag. Busslasten, totala CPU-lasten och CPU-lasten för den frekvens som användes under experimenten 100 Hz har också undersökts och evaluerats. De utförda experimenten visar att den valda metoden, data acquisition (DAQ) med CAN Calibration Protocol (CCP), ökade överföringshastigheten av de interna styrenhetsvariablerna betydligt jämfört med metoden KWP-förfrågningar. Experimenten visar också att antalet signaler har stor inverkan på busslasten för DAQ. Busslasten är den parameter som begränsar antalet signaler som kan loggas. Den totala CPU-lasten och CPU-lasten för 100 Hz påverkas inte betydligt jämfört med när inga överföringar görs. DAQ med CCP är att föredra framför KWP-förfrågningar även om busslasten blir hög för DAQ då den stora ökningen i överföringshastighet av de interna styrenhetsvariablerna medför en mer frekvent loggning av variablerna.

Automotive SPICE is used to evaluate the efficiency of the development processes for OEMs and ECU suppliers. It is a domain specific version of SPICE. Many automotive manufacturers are demanding Automotive SPICE level 2 from their suppliers. Application life cycle management solutions specific to automotive industry focus more on standardisation yet providing very little information about performance of processes. This thesis shows how Business Intelligence (BI) solutions can be helpful in achieving Automotive SPICE level 2 compliance and as comprehensive reporting tools. Moreover the evaluation of approaches for implementation of different BI systems has shown that commercial solutions can be beneficial for small to medium size suppliers. Implementing a BI solution can also point out possible improvement opportunities and bad practices for an organisation. The implemented BI system can only be efficient and useful if the underlying data is accurate and responsive.

The presence of electrical and electronic circuits in commercial trucks has increased at a very fast rate during recent decades. With advancements in embedded systems and the introduction of electric controls in the automotive industry, the design of complex electric systems for the vehicles has become one of the major design challenges. In the commercial truck industry, the development cycles are almost a decade long. Therefore, it is a big challenge to introduce a new architecture to accommodate the modern automotive technologies in the upcoming generation of trucks. Currently, the commercial truck industry relies highly on a federated electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture. In this architecture, Electronic Control Units (ECU) are responsible for computation and Input/Output operations. These ECUs are clustered into different domains based on their respective functions. However, these domains are not isolated from each other. These modules communicate with each other using a vehicular network, which is typically a controller area network in the current trucks. In the automotive industry, automation is increasing at a fast pace. As the level of automation increases, the need for high computation also increases, which increases the overall costs. This study aims to address this problem by introducing an integrated E/E architecture where all the computational power is concentrated at one place (or perhaps two or three places to allow for redundancy). This study proposes to introduce a lowcost replacement for the current ECUs with more limited computational power but with generic input/output interfaces. This thesis provides the reader with some background of the current E/E architecture of commercial trucks and introduces the reader to ECUs. Additionally, the relevant network architectures and protocols are explained. A potential solution, based upon the centralized computation based E/E architecture and its implementation are discussed followed by a detailed analysis of the replacements for ECUs. The result of this analysis, if adopted, should result in a reduction of manufacturing and design costs, as well as make the production and maintenance process easier. Moreover, this should also have environmental benefits by reducing fuel consumption. / Förekomsten av elektronik och elektriska kretsar I kommersiella lastbilar has ökat i en väldigt snabb takt under de senaste decennierna. Med framsteg inom inbyggda system och introduktionen av elektroniska styrsystem i fordonsindustrin så har komplexa elektroniska system blivit en av de största designutmaningarna. I den kommersiella lastbilsindustrin där utvecklingscyklerna är nästan ett decennium, är det en stor utmaning att introducera ny arkitektur som tillgodoser all den nya teknologin som införlivas i fordonet. För närvarande så förlitar sig den kommersiella lastbilsindustrin mycket på en federated elektrisk/elektronisk (E/E) arkitektur. I denna arkitektur är elektroniska styrenheter (ECU) ansvariga för beräkningar och I/O (Input/Output) operationer. Dessa ECU:er är samlade i olika domäner baserade på dess funktioner. Domänerna är dock inte isolerade från varandra. De här modulerna kommunicerar därför med varandra med hjälp av ett fordonsnätverk, typiskt en CAN (Controller Area Network) i nuvarande lastbilar. I fordonsindustrin ökar automatiseringen i en snabb fart. I takt med att automatiseringen ökar så ökar även behovet av snabba och energiintensiva beräkningar, vilket i sin tur ökar den totala kostnaden. Denna studie har som mål att adressera det här problemet genom att introducera en integrated E/E arkitektur där all beräkningskraft är koncentrerad till en plats (eller två eller tre platser för att tillåta överskott). Den här studien föreslår att introducera en ersättning av nuvarande ECU:er till en låg kostnad, med lägre beräkningskraft och generiska I/O gränssnitt. Studien föreslår också ersättningar av nuvarande fordonsnätverk. Den här uppsatsen förser läsaren med viss bakgrund till den nuvarande E/E arkitekturen för kommersiella lastbilar och introducerar läsaren till ECU:er. Dessutom förklaras de relevanta nätverksarkitekturerna och protokollen. En potentiell lösning som baseras på den integrated E/E arkitekturen och dess implementering diskuteras med fokus på en detaljerad analys av ersättningarna till ECU:er. Resultatet av den här analysen skulle, om den adopteras, medföra minskning av tillverknings- och designkostnader samt leda till en förenkling av produktion och underhåll. Utöver det så bör det även ha miljöfördelar genom minskad bränsleförbrukning.