<p>The forests are essential for healthy environment. Trees which are part of the</p><p>forest help to stabilize the forest soil, improve soil fertility, reduce the velocity of</p><p>wind, protect watershed and reduce the amount of carbon released into the</p><p>atmosphere. Many industries use trees as raw materials and in most cases impact</p><p>the environment, but there are great differences in the impact they make. There is</p><p>a need therefore to continually evaluate the operational activities of these</p><p>industries to ensure that the environment is protected. The use of environmental</p><p>management systems like ISO and EMAS standards has helped in the evaluation</p><p>of organizations and industries.</p><p>In this thesis, two sawmills Iretunde and Irepodun in Etsako-West local</p><p>government area Edo state Nigeria were evaluated with the aim to determine their</p><p>operational activities and how the environment is being affected by them. Subaims</p><p>were to determine the most significant environmental aspects of the sawmill</p><p>and their organizational structure. In actualizing the aim of this thesis, literature</p><p>review, site investigation as well as oral interview of the staff and management of</p><p>both sawmills were conducted. In the evaluation of the environmental aspects, the</p><p>detailed method of environmental impact evaluation by Ammenberg (2004) was</p><p>used were each environmental aspect that was weighted against nine identified</p><p>criteria.</p><p>The result obtained from the environmental aspect evaluation of both sawmills</p><p>shows that the use of raw materials and emissions to air are the most significant</p><p>environmental aspects. In conclusion, it was observed that the both sawmills are</p><p>well structured and carry out their operational activities effectively. Neither of</p><p>them has registered under any environmental management system but there is a</p><p>need for them to do so in order to help check their operational activities in order to</p><p>reduce their environmental impact.</p>

The forests are essential for healthy environment. Trees which are part of the forest help to stabilize the forest soil, improve soil fertility, reduce the velocity of wind, protect watershed and reduce the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Many industries use trees as raw materials and in most cases impact the environment, but there are great differences in the impact they make. There is a need therefore to continually evaluate the operational activities of these industries to ensure that the environment is protected. The use of environmental management systems like ISO and EMAS standards has helped in the evaluation of organizations and industries. In this thesis, two sawmills Iretunde and Irepodun in Etsako-West local government area Edo state Nigeria were evaluated with the aim to determine their operational activities and how the environment is being affected by them. Subaims were to determine the most significant environmental aspects of the sawmill and their organizational structure. In actualizing the aim of this thesis, literature review, site investigation as well as oral interview of the staff and management of both sawmills were conducted. In the evaluation of the environmental aspects, the detailed method of environmental impact evaluation by Ammenberg (2004) was used were each environmental aspect that was weighted against nine identified criteria. The result obtained from the environmental aspect evaluation of both sawmills shows that the use of raw materials and emissions to air are the most significant environmental aspects. In conclusion, it was observed that the both sawmills are well structured and carry out their operational activities effectively. Neither of them has registered under any environmental management system but there is a need for them to do so in order to help check their operational activities in order to reduce their environmental impact.

Mit der Validierung des Umweltmanagementsystems nach der EG-Öko-Audit-Verordnung (EMAS II) ist die TU Dresden die erste Technische Universität Deutschlands, die den Prozess der Einführung und Umsetzung eines Umweltmanagementsystems nach EMAS II erfolgreich durchlaufen hat. Im Rahmen des Öko-Audits an der TU Dresden wurden Checklisten zur Hilfestellung für die Durchführung der Umweltprüfung und Umweltbetriebsprüfung entwickelt. Die Durchführung der Umweltprüfung und Umweltbetriebsprüfung an der TU Dresden beschränkten sich zunächst auf das Kerngelände. Mit der Veröffentlichung der Checklisten sollen die gewonnenen Erfahrungen an der TU Dresden anderen Hochschulen und Bildungseinrichtungen vermittelt werden.

SANTRAUKA Etiniai aplinkosauginiai metodai įneša nemažą indelį į aplinkosaugos politikos transformaciją. Šios priemonės negali pakeisti reguliuojamosios aplinkosauginės politikos, tačiau jos gali tapti veiksminga šios politikos dalimi, padedančia efektyviau spręsti aplinkosaugines problemas. Labiausiai paplitę pasaulyje ir Europoje etiniai aplinkosauginei metodai yra aplinkosauginis produktų ženklinimas, aplinkos vadybos sistema ISO 14001, aplinkos vadybos ir audito sistema EMAS, savanoriški aplinkosauginiai susitarimai, aplinkosauginis produktų projektavimas. Tyrimo objektas - etinių aplinkosauginių priemonių plėtros Kauno regione galimybės. Darbo apimtis 58 lapai, darbe pateikiamos 3 lentelės ir 17 paveikslų. Formuluojamos šios pagrindinės išvados: Lietuvoje labiausiai paplitęs aplinkosauginis produktų ženklinimas, diegiama ir aplinkos vadybos sistema ISO 14001, šiuo metu ją įdiegę 0,28 proc. įmonių, įgyvendinami savanoriški aplinkosauginiai susitarimai. Tačiau, Lietuvos įmonės labai pasyviai dalyvauja Europos etinių aplinkosauginių priemonių tokių kaip: ES ekologinis ženklinimas arba EMAS, įgyvendinime. Įgyvendinančios etines aplinkosaugines priemones įmonės, šių priemonių poveikį aplinkai vertina pozityviau, nei tokios iniciatyvos nesiimančios įmonės. Empirinio tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad 86 proc. gyventojų informacijos apie etinių aplinkosauginių priemonių įgyvendinimą įmonėse nepakanka. Taigi, etinių aplinkosauginių priemonių plėtros galimybės Lietuvoje dar nėra pilnai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / SUMMARY The Ethical Environment Protection Tools brinks in big input into transform environmental policy. These means can not change traditional environmental policy but they can become an effective part of this policy which helps to deal with environmental problems more effective. Mostly prevalent ethical environmental methods in the world and Europe are Eco-Labelling, Environmental Management Systems ISO 14001, Eco-Management and Audit System - EMAS, voluntary environmental agreements and product Ecodesign. The object of research: possibilities of Ethical Environment Protection Tools in Kaunas region. Size of work is 58 sheets; there are 3 charts and 17 pictures presented. Formulating these basics conclusions: Mostly prevalent Eco-Labelling in Lithuania, introducing Environmental Management Systems ISO 14001, 0,28 percent companies are using it at this time, realizable voluntary environmental agreements. However, Lithuania is passive taking part in Europe ethical environmental methods such as: ES Eco-Labelling or EMAS, realization. During empirical exploratory termed, that 86 percent citizens get not enough information about environment means realization in companies. So, possibilities of ethical environment means developmental in Lithuania are not fully use, because it is not enough information and political initiatives.

One of the major obstacles to performance evaluation studies is the definition of a representative or accurate workload. User scripts, a detailed description of user activities to specify an interactive workload, can be used as input for remote terminal emulators as well as a representation of an interactive workload the users impose on a system. User scripts are often based on the widely accepted user behaviour model 'LIST-MODS-RUN'. A method of analysis is described which suggests that this user behaviour is not realistic. More accurate models are given to describe user behaviour at system command language level. It is also studied how different users groups adapt to different loads. The results are then used to define a workload model. An automatic workload genrator is described to generate workload models in form of user scripts ready for execution 'on ERTE which is a system designed to exert interactive workloads on a multiaccess system. Experimental runs with ERTE demonstrate the accuracy of the model and provide the basis for more realistic performance measures on EMAS and the development of ERTE.

A ema (Rhea americana) é uma ave silvestre que habita o sudeste da América do Sul e tem sido criada em fazendas pela sua carne e penas. O comércio de carne de emas só é permitido de animais provenientes de criadouros comerciais regularizados junto ao IBAMA e abatido em frigoríficos legalizados. A presente tese teve como objetivo a pesquisa de Salmonella sp. em materiais oriundos de emas abatidas no Rio Grande do Sul. Coletaram-se um total de 70 aves aleatoriamente dentro de seis lotes distintos respeitando um mínimo de 10% do lote, no período de setembro a outubro de 2004. De todas as aves eram amostrados o conteúdo cecal e fígado para a detecção de Salmonella. De 26 aves, coletaram-se, ainda, suabe cloacal. Além disso, sangue de todas as 70 aves para exames sorológicos. Foram realizados para a pesquisa de Salmonela sp. exames bacteriológicos, de reação em cadeia da polimerase e sorológicos. Os resultados foram apresentados em cinco trabalhos distintos. No primeiro, se preconizou a padronização da técnica de sorologia rápida em soro de suíno utilizando-se uma amostra de S. Typhimurium isolada de ema, para a posterior utilização desta técnica nos soros coletados neste experimento. Foram testadas 60 amostras de soro suíno, sendo 30 sororreagentes e 30 não-reagentes no teste padrão de ELISA. Com o soro não diluído, determinou-se que a SAR exibiu sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo iguais a 96,7%, demonstrando que a soroaglutinação rápida, usando como antígeno Salmonella Typhimurium, é um teste de triagem eficaz para a detecção de anticorpos contra este patógeno em soro de suínos, apresentando alta sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo O segundo trabalho teve como objetivo identificar animais portadores de Salmonella sp. a partir de amostras de fígado, conteúdo cecal e suabe cloacal de emas (Rhea americana) ao abate e comparar o método bacteriológico padrão (MBP) com a soroaglutinaçao rápida utilizando S. Typhimurium como antígeno. Verificou-se isolamento de Salmonella sp. em 66 (94,2%) aves, sendo 60 (85,7%) em amostras de fígado, 42 (60%) em conteúdo cecal e 11 (42,3%) em suabe cloacal. Das 114 linhagens de salmonelas isoladas, identificaram-se 19 (16,6%) como S. enterica enterica rugosa, 41 (35,9%) como S. Typhimurium, 53 (46,5%) como S. Newport e uma amostra (0,9%) como S. Anatum. O terceiro trabalho relatou a detecção de Salmonella Anatum em uma amostra de fígado de ema. O quarto comparou o método bacteriológico para isolamento de Salmonella sp. e a reação em cadeia da polimerase. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a PCR detectou Salmonella sp. em um maior número de amostras provenientes de emas (Rhea americana) do que o MBP, concordando com resultados encontrados em outras espécies. Finalmente, no quinto estudo foi avaliada a resistência a antimicrobianos de 64 amostras de Salmonella Typhimurium isoladas. Observou-se resistência contra sulfonamida (73,44%), ácido nalidíxico (1,56%) e cefaclor (1,56%). Salienta-se o ineditismo dos trabalhos apresentados devido à pouca bibliografia na área de sanidade da produção de emas. / Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) is a southern South American native wild bird, which is breed in captivity for its feathers and meat. Commercialization of the Greater Rhea's meat is only allowed of animals deriving from commercial breeders who are regulated by IBAMA and slaughtered at legalized slaughterhouses. This thesis aims to research the Salmonella sp. presence in greater rhea samples in the Rio Grande Do Sul. We randomically collected 70 birds of 6 different flocks, respecting a minimum of 10% of the flock, in the period from September to October of 2004. All birds had liver and cecal material collected to Salmonella detection. Of 26 birds we collected cloacal swab. Moreover, we collected blood samples of 70 birds to serological exams. Bacteriological, serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) exams are made to research Salmonela sp. the results are presented in five different papers. At first paper, we standardize a RA test to detect anti-Salmonella antibodies from serum. We tested 60 samples of swine serum which were previously shown to be positive (30) and negative (30) to S. Typhimurium when tested with ELISA. The results show that the RA had sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and predictive negative value equal to 96.7% when used with non-diluted serum. Thus, this test can be applied to detect antibodies against S. Typhimurium in serum. The 2th paper, aims to identify Salmonella's reservoirs animals, using Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) liver samples, cecal material and cloacal swab, collected at slaughterhouse and to compare the rapid serum-agluttination method using S. Typhimurium antigen and the microbiological standard method (MSM). We detected Salmonella sp. at 66 (94.2%) birds, of this 60 (85.7%) in the liver, 42 (605) in the material cecal and 11 (42.3%) in the cloacal swab. Of the 114 Salmonella strains, we identify 19 (16.6%) to S. enterica enterica rough, 41 (35.9%) to S. Typhimurium, 53 (46.5%) to S. Newport e one sample (0.9%) to S. Anatum. All birds were serum non-reactives at RSA, but 37 were serum reactives at RSA-ST. The 3th paper reported the Salmonella Anatum detection in the greater rhea liver. The 4th paper, aims to compare a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to a standard microbiological technique (SMT) in the generic detection of Salmonella in liver, cecal material and cloacal swab of Greater Rheas samples. The present report demonstrates that the PCR technique can detect a higher number of Salmonella sp. positive samples in Greater Rhea when compared to the SMT, which agrees with previous results from other species. Finally, the 5th paper shows the resistance pattern of Salmonella sp. colonies. Salmonella-like colonies were serologically typed. We observed resistance against sulfonamide (73.4%), nalidixic acid (1.56%) and cefacloer (1.56%). As far we concerned there are no other thesis in the same subject.

A ema (Rhea americana) é uma ave silvestre que habita o sudeste da América do Sul e tem sido criada em fazendas pela sua carne e penas. O comércio de carne de emas só é permitido de animais provenientes de criadouros comerciais regularizados junto ao IBAMA e abatido em frigoríficos legalizados. A presente tese teve como objetivo a pesquisa de Salmonella sp. em materiais oriundos de emas abatidas no Rio Grande do Sul. Coletaram-se um total de 70 aves aleatoriamente dentro de seis lotes distintos respeitando um mínimo de 10% do lote, no período de setembro a outubro de 2004. De todas as aves eram amostrados o conteúdo cecal e fígado para a detecção de Salmonella. De 26 aves, coletaram-se, ainda, suabe cloacal. Além disso, sangue de todas as 70 aves para exames sorológicos. Foram realizados para a pesquisa de Salmonela sp. exames bacteriológicos, de reação em cadeia da polimerase e sorológicos. Os resultados foram apresentados em cinco trabalhos distintos. No primeiro, se preconizou a padronização da técnica de sorologia rápida em soro de suíno utilizando-se uma amostra de S. Typhimurium isolada de ema, para a posterior utilização desta técnica nos soros coletados neste experimento. Foram testadas 60 amostras de soro suíno, sendo 30 sororreagentes e 30 não-reagentes no teste padrão de ELISA. Com o soro não diluído, determinou-se que a SAR exibiu sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo iguais a 96,7%, demonstrando que a soroaglutinação rápida, usando como antígeno Salmonella Typhimurium, é um teste de triagem eficaz para a detecção de anticorpos contra este patógeno em soro de suínos, apresentando alta sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo O segundo trabalho teve como objetivo identificar animais portadores de Salmonella sp. a partir de amostras de fígado, conteúdo cecal e suabe cloacal de emas (Rhea americana) ao abate e comparar o método bacteriológico padrão (MBP) com a soroaglutinaçao rápida utilizando S. Typhimurium como antígeno. Verificou-se isolamento de Salmonella sp. em 66 (94,2%) aves, sendo 60 (85,7%) em amostras de fígado, 42 (60%) em conteúdo cecal e 11 (42,3%) em suabe cloacal. Das 114 linhagens de salmonelas isoladas, identificaram-se 19 (16,6%) como S. enterica enterica rugosa, 41 (35,9%) como S. Typhimurium, 53 (46,5%) como S. Newport e uma amostra (0,9%) como S. Anatum. O terceiro trabalho relatou a detecção de Salmonella Anatum em uma amostra de fígado de ema. O quarto comparou o método bacteriológico para isolamento de Salmonella sp. e a reação em cadeia da polimerase. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a PCR detectou Salmonella sp. em um maior número de amostras provenientes de emas (Rhea americana) do que o MBP, concordando com resultados encontrados em outras espécies. Finalmente, no quinto estudo foi avaliada a resistência a antimicrobianos de 64 amostras de Salmonella Typhimurium isoladas. Observou-se resistência contra sulfonamida (73,44%), ácido nalidíxico (1,56%) e cefaclor (1,56%). Salienta-se o ineditismo dos trabalhos apresentados devido à pouca bibliografia na área de sanidade da produção de emas. / Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) is a southern South American native wild bird, which is breed in captivity for its feathers and meat. Commercialization of the Greater Rhea's meat is only allowed of animals deriving from commercial breeders who are regulated by IBAMA and slaughtered at legalized slaughterhouses. This thesis aims to research the Salmonella sp. presence in greater rhea samples in the Rio Grande Do Sul. We randomically collected 70 birds of 6 different flocks, respecting a minimum of 10% of the flock, in the period from September to October of 2004. All birds had liver and cecal material collected to Salmonella detection. Of 26 birds we collected cloacal swab. Moreover, we collected blood samples of 70 birds to serological exams. Bacteriological, serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) exams are made to research Salmonela sp. the results are presented in five different papers. At first paper, we standardize a RA test to detect anti-Salmonella antibodies from serum. We tested 60 samples of swine serum which were previously shown to be positive (30) and negative (30) to S. Typhimurium when tested with ELISA. The results show that the RA had sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and predictive negative value equal to 96.7% when used with non-diluted serum. Thus, this test can be applied to detect antibodies against S. Typhimurium in serum. The 2th paper, aims to identify Salmonella's reservoirs animals, using Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) liver samples, cecal material and cloacal swab, collected at slaughterhouse and to compare the rapid serum-agluttination method using S. Typhimurium antigen and the microbiological standard method (MSM). We detected Salmonella sp. at 66 (94.2%) birds, of this 60 (85.7%) in the liver, 42 (605) in the material cecal and 11 (42.3%) in the cloacal swab. Of the 114 Salmonella strains, we identify 19 (16.6%) to S. enterica enterica rough, 41 (35.9%) to S. Typhimurium, 53 (46.5%) to S. Newport e one sample (0.9%) to S. Anatum. All birds were serum non-reactives at RSA, but 37 were serum reactives at RSA-ST. The 3th paper reported the Salmonella Anatum detection in the greater rhea liver. The 4th paper, aims to compare a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to a standard microbiological technique (SMT) in the generic detection of Salmonella in liver, cecal material and cloacal swab of Greater Rheas samples. The present report demonstrates that the PCR technique can detect a higher number of Salmonella sp. positive samples in Greater Rhea when compared to the SMT, which agrees with previous results from other species. Finally, the 5th paper shows the resistance pattern of Salmonella sp. colonies. Salmonella-like colonies were serologically typed. We observed resistance against sulfonamide (73.4%), nalidixic acid (1.56%) and cefacloer (1.56%). As far we concerned there are no other thesis in the same subject.

A ema (Rhea americana) é uma ave silvestre que habita o sudeste da América do Sul e tem sido criada em fazendas pela sua carne e penas. O comércio de carne de emas só é permitido de animais provenientes de criadouros comerciais regularizados junto ao IBAMA e abatido em frigoríficos legalizados. A presente tese teve como objetivo a pesquisa de Salmonella sp. em materiais oriundos de emas abatidas no Rio Grande do Sul. Coletaram-se um total de 70 aves aleatoriamente dentro de seis lotes distintos respeitando um mínimo de 10% do lote, no período de setembro a outubro de 2004. De todas as aves eram amostrados o conteúdo cecal e fígado para a detecção de Salmonella. De 26 aves, coletaram-se, ainda, suabe cloacal. Além disso, sangue de todas as 70 aves para exames sorológicos. Foram realizados para a pesquisa de Salmonela sp. exames bacteriológicos, de reação em cadeia da polimerase e sorológicos. Os resultados foram apresentados em cinco trabalhos distintos. No primeiro, se preconizou a padronização da técnica de sorologia rápida em soro de suíno utilizando-se uma amostra de S. Typhimurium isolada de ema, para a posterior utilização desta técnica nos soros coletados neste experimento. Foram testadas 60 amostras de soro suíno, sendo 30 sororreagentes e 30 não-reagentes no teste padrão de ELISA. Com o soro não diluído, determinou-se que a SAR exibiu sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e valor preditivo negativo iguais a 96,7%, demonstrando que a soroaglutinação rápida, usando como antígeno Salmonella Typhimurium, é um teste de triagem eficaz para a detecção de anticorpos contra este patógeno em soro de suínos, apresentando alta sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo positivo O segundo trabalho teve como objetivo identificar animais portadores de Salmonella sp. a partir de amostras de fígado, conteúdo cecal e suabe cloacal de emas (Rhea americana) ao abate e comparar o método bacteriológico padrão (MBP) com a soroaglutinaçao rápida utilizando S. Typhimurium como antígeno. Verificou-se isolamento de Salmonella sp. em 66 (94,2%) aves, sendo 60 (85,7%) em amostras de fígado, 42 (60%) em conteúdo cecal e 11 (42,3%) em suabe cloacal. Das 114 linhagens de salmonelas isoladas, identificaram-se 19 (16,6%) como S. enterica enterica rugosa, 41 (35,9%) como S. Typhimurium, 53 (46,5%) como S. Newport e uma amostra (0,9%) como S. Anatum. O terceiro trabalho relatou a detecção de Salmonella Anatum em uma amostra de fígado de ema. O quarto comparou o método bacteriológico para isolamento de Salmonella sp. e a reação em cadeia da polimerase. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a PCR detectou Salmonella sp. em um maior número de amostras provenientes de emas (Rhea americana) do que o MBP, concordando com resultados encontrados em outras espécies. Finalmente, no quinto estudo foi avaliada a resistência a antimicrobianos de 64 amostras de Salmonella Typhimurium isoladas. Observou-se resistência contra sulfonamida (73,44%), ácido nalidíxico (1,56%) e cefaclor (1,56%). Salienta-se o ineditismo dos trabalhos apresentados devido à pouca bibliografia na área de sanidade da produção de emas. / Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) is a southern South American native wild bird, which is breed in captivity for its feathers and meat. Commercialization of the Greater Rhea's meat is only allowed of animals deriving from commercial breeders who are regulated by IBAMA and slaughtered at legalized slaughterhouses. This thesis aims to research the Salmonella sp. presence in greater rhea samples in the Rio Grande Do Sul. We randomically collected 70 birds of 6 different flocks, respecting a minimum of 10% of the flock, in the period from September to October of 2004. All birds had liver and cecal material collected to Salmonella detection. Of 26 birds we collected cloacal swab. Moreover, we collected blood samples of 70 birds to serological exams. Bacteriological, serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) exams are made to research Salmonela sp. the results are presented in five different papers. At first paper, we standardize a RA test to detect anti-Salmonella antibodies from serum. We tested 60 samples of swine serum which were previously shown to be positive (30) and negative (30) to S. Typhimurium when tested with ELISA. The results show that the RA had sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value and predictive negative value equal to 96.7% when used with non-diluted serum. Thus, this test can be applied to detect antibodies against S. Typhimurium in serum. The 2th paper, aims to identify Salmonella's reservoirs animals, using Greater Rhea (Rhea americana) liver samples, cecal material and cloacal swab, collected at slaughterhouse and to compare the rapid serum-agluttination method using S. Typhimurium antigen and the microbiological standard method (MSM). We detected Salmonella sp. at 66 (94.2%) birds, of this 60 (85.7%) in the liver, 42 (605) in the material cecal and 11 (42.3%) in the cloacal swab. Of the 114 Salmonella strains, we identify 19 (16.6%) to S. enterica enterica rough, 41 (35.9%) to S. Typhimurium, 53 (46.5%) to S. Newport e one sample (0.9%) to S. Anatum. All birds were serum non-reactives at RSA, but 37 were serum reactives at RSA-ST. The 3th paper reported the Salmonella Anatum detection in the greater rhea liver. The 4th paper, aims to compare a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol to a standard microbiological technique (SMT) in the generic detection of Salmonella in liver, cecal material and cloacal swab of Greater Rheas samples. The present report demonstrates that the PCR technique can detect a higher number of Salmonella sp. positive samples in Greater Rhea when compared to the SMT, which agrees with previous results from other species. Finally, the 5th paper shows the resistance pattern of Salmonella sp. colonies. Salmonella-like colonies were serologically typed. We observed resistance against sulfonamide (73.4%), nalidixic acid (1.56%) and cefacloer (1.56%). As far we concerned there are no other thesis in the same subject.

Nos últimos anos, vem crescendo consideravelmente a criação de animais silvestres no Brasil, com a finalidade de se evitar o desaparecimento de espécies ameaçadas de extinção e a de produção comercial. A ema (Rhea americana) destaca-se devido ao seu alto potencial reprodutivo e produtos de excelente qualidade, muito procurados no mercado mundial, como; carne, couro, pluma e gordura. Existem dois sistemas de incubação de ovos e criação de filhotes até os 90 dias de idade, o artificial e o natural. O sistema artificial consiste em retirar diariamente os ovos dos piquetes de reprodução e incubá-los em máquinas incubadouras. Após o nascimento, os filhotes são criados em recintos e tratados por pessoas treinadas para esta função. O sistema natural permite que o macho choque os ovos no seu próprio ninho e depois da eclosão, ele e os seus filhotes vão para outro recinto, onde o pai cria-os. Diante destes dois sistemas, foram analisadas as suas influências nos índices produtivos mais significativos para a espécie. Os sistemas de incubação e criação não influenciaram a porcentagem de ovos férteis e a de ovos contaminados e nem o peso dos filhotes no nascimento. Por outro lado, o sistema natural apresentou melhores índices nas porcentagens de ovos eclodidos e de filhotes vivos até os 90 dias de idade, e o sistema artificial promoveu maiores porcentagens de ovos com morte embrionária, de filhotes natimortos e que vieram à óbito devido à retenção de saco vitelino, rotação tíbio-társica e paralisia gástrica, e também, influenciou no maior peso dos filhotes aos 90 dias de idade e no maior ganho de peso diário dos filhotes até os 90 dias de idade. / During the past years, in order to avoid the extinction of endangered species and also for commercial purposes there was a considerable increase on the number of wild animals breeders. Due to its high reproductive potential and superior quality of products, the greater rhea (Rhea americana) is of prominence importance. Products such as rhea meat, leather, feather and fat are of great acceptance all over the world. There are two systems of eggs incubation and breeding of chicks till they are 90 days old, the artificial and the natural. The artificial system consists in withdrawing the eggs of the reproduction farmyards every day and keep them in incubation machines. After the eggs outbreak, the chicks are raised in sites and treated by persons trained particularly for this function. The natural system consists of allowing the male to incubate the eggs on its own nest and also to raise the chicks after they born. The influences of both systems were evaluated taking into account the most significant productive traits of this specie. No effect of the systems of incubation and breeding was observed in the percentage of fertile eggs, contaminated eggs and weight of the chicks when they are born. The natural system showed better results when evaluating the percentage of outbreaked eggs and survival of the chicks till 90 days old. On the other hand, the artificial system showed higher percentages of embryonic death, born death chicks and chicks that died due to yolk sac retention, tibio tarsic rotation and gastric paralysis, and chicks raised through the artificial system were heavier when they were 90 days old and showed higher daily weight gain till 90 days old.

The teoretic part of the document is about sustainable development, its reasons and history, about instruments of measuration and achievement. Next there is described the Environmental Management System, its extensiveness, requirements, benefits for company and the standards of EMS. In the document are described the differences between certification according to ISO 14000 or EMAS. Costs according to the etaps and posibility to financial subventions are analyzed in this document too. The next part is research-based tail, based on list of question to Czech companies, in which EMS is implemented. The research was pointed to prove the declared benefits for companies, experiences with EMS and general attitude of companies to this issue. In the end of the document there are comments, results of research and knowledge, which was observed during the research.