abstract: The omega-3 fatty acids in fatty fish and fish oil, eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA), have been associated with a reduction in risk for cardiovascular disease. Blood type is a known contributor to risk for cardiovascular events. This study evaluated the effect of fish oil supplements on cardiovascular risk markers in adults with blood types A or O. An 8-week parallel-arm, randomized, double-blind trial was conducted in healthy adult men and women with either blood type A (BTA) or blood type O (BTO). Participants were randomized to receive fish oil supplements (n=10 [3 BTA/7 BTO]; 2 g [containing 1.2 g EPA+DHA]/d) or a coconut oil supplement (n=7 [3 BTA/4 BTO]; 2 g/d). Markers that were examined included total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). Results indicated that the percent change in LDL cholesterol was significantly greater in the coconut oil group vs the fish oil group (-14.8±12.2% vs +2.8±18.9% respectively, p=0.048). There were no other significant differences between treatment groups, or between blood types A and O, for the other cardiovascular risk markers. Further research with a larger and more diverse sample may yield a more conclusive result. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2014

Dallas is the third largest growing industrialized city in the state of Texas. the prevailing air quality here is highly influenced by the industrialization and particulate matter 2.5µm (PM2.5) has been found to be one of the main pollutants in this region. Exposure to PM2.5 in elevated levels could cause respiratory problems and other health issues, some of which could be fatal. the current study dealt with the quantification and analysis of the sources of emission of PM2.5 and an emission inventory for PM2.5 was assessed. 24-hour average samples of PM2.5 were collected at two monitoring sites under the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) in Dallas, Dallas convention Centre (CAMS 312) and Dallas Hinton sites (CAMS 60). the data was collected from January 2003 to December 2009 and by using two positive matrix models PMF 2 and EPA PMF the PM2.5 source were identified. 9 sources were identified from CAMS 312 of which secondary sulfate (31% by PMF2 and 26% by EPA PMF) was found to be one of the major sources. Data from CAMS 60 enabled the identification of 8 sources by PMF2 and 9 by EPA PMF. These data also confirmed secondary sulfate (35% by PMF2 and 34% by EPA PMF) as the major source. to substantiate the sources identified, conditional probability function (CPF) was used. the influence of long range transport pollutants such as biomass burns from Mexico and Central America was found to be influencing the region of study and was assessed with the help of potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis. Weekend/weekday and seasonal analyses were useful in understanding the behavioral pattern of pollutants. Also an inter comparison of the model results were performed and EPA PMF results was found to be more robust and accurate than PMF 2 results.

The thesis contains a theoretical overview, which has focused on classification of lipids, fatty acids and their metabolisms, with emphasis on polyunsaturated fatty acids inclusive of their conversion to eicosanoids, functions and effects of eicosanoids on human health. Furthermore, the theoretical part of the thesis has focused on a food’s enrichment of polysaturated fatty acids n-3 and several possibilities of analytical determination of fatty acids. The practical part of the thesis has aimed attention at the determination of fatty acids in the liver, fat and muscles’ tissue of the experimental rats. The animals were fed with a standard feed mixture, which contains 5 % of fish oil, 5 % of palm oil, 5 % of safflower oil and 5 % of Schizochytrium algae extract. The obtained fat was extracted from the lyophilized samples followed by derivatization and analytical determination of the fatty acid derivatives by gas chromatography. From the results of the experimental part could be determined, that the addition of 5 % of fish oil to the feed mixture of the experimental animals increased the deposition of EPA and DHA in all examined tissues (p < 0.05). The addition of 5 % of the Schizochytrium extract to the animal’s feed mixture had an impact on the effective deposition of DHA and DTA in the examined tissues of all used oils (p < 0.05). Both of the previously mentioned oils can be considered as the most effective nutraceuticals for reducing the ratio of PUFA n-6/n-3 in the food. Unlike the addition of 5 % of safflower or 5 % of palm oil (as a control), ratios of PUFA n-6/n-3 were many times higher. Therefore, from the healthy point of view, this can be concluded as inappropriate.

Denna empiriska studie handlar om muntlig matematik och syftar till att ta reda på hur elever upplever att det är att arbeta med problemlösningsuppgifter utifrån EPA- metoden. Inom matematiken ska eleven ges möjlighet att utveckla kursplanens olika förmågor, varav kommunikationsförmågan och problemlösningsförmågan är två av dem.  Studiens empiri har samlats in genom elevenkäter och elevintervjuer, i samband med genomförande av en EPA-lektion där eleverna fick arbeta med problemlösning. Data analyserades genom både en kvantitativ analysmetod och en kvalitativ tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att eleverna uppskattar att arbeta utifrån EPA-metoden, samtidigt som de gillar att arbeta på det traditionella arbetssättet i arbetsböckerna. Fyra teman har kunnat urskiljas utifrån elevernas intervjusvar; eleverna anser att muntlig matematik är roligt, eleverna föredrar att arbeta enskilt, elevernas upplevelser av att arbeta med någon annan samt elevernas upplevelser av att arbeta i helklass.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第18343号 / 農博第2068号 / 新制||農||1024(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4850(農学部図書室) / 31201 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 小川 順, 教授 植田 充美, 教授 栗原 達夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Epa kulturen börjar idag nå ut till den stora massan genom Epa-dunk musiken. Själva fortskaffningsmedlet är dock fortfarande relativt otillgängligt för många. Mycket av möjligheterna att äga och kunna reparera en epa traktor kommer genom ungdomars föräldrar och deras ekonomiska möjligheter. De flesta av ungdomarna som kör epa bor i villa och har föräldrar som till viss del har ett motorintresse och på så vis kan hjälpa till och kanske till och med undervisa sina barn i mekaniken. Kånkels hus hade kunnat möjliggöra detta för många fler vilkas föräldrar kanske inte bor i villa med garage eller inte har intresse av motorfordon. Kulturen runt motorfordon har länge bland ungdomar varit färgad av den tätt kopplade musiken. Artister som Eddie Meduza, Fröken Susk och Onkel Kånkel har en anda av ungdomlig obstinatism och punkighet vilken har fått leda utformningen av Kånkels hus. Post-Modernismens lek och omkastning av det klassiska är kanske det närmaste punk och könsrock vi har inom arkitektur. Därför föll valet att studera och praktisera en del av Post-Modernismen sig naturligt i projektet. / Epa culture is beginning to reach the masses through Epa-dunk music. However, the means of transportation themselves are still relatively inaccessible to the many. Much of the opportunity to own and be able to repair an epa tractor comes through the parents of young people, and their financial capabilities. Most of the young people who drive epa live in villas and have parents who to some extent have an interest in motoring and thus can help and maybe even teach their children mechanics. Kånkel's house could make this possible for many more whose parents may not live in a villa with a garage or have no interest in motor vehicles. The culture around motor vehicles has long been colored by the closely connected music among young people. Artists such as Eddie Meduza, Fröken Susk and Onkel Kånkel have a spirit of youthful obstinacy and punkness which has led the design of Kånkel's house. Post-Modernism's play with the classical elements of architecture is perhaps the closest thing to punk and gender rock we have in architecture. Therefore, the choice to study and practice a part of Post-Modernism fell naturally into the project.

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Inflammation is a complex physiological response normally initiated by the innate immune system, often as a response to exposure to otherwise harmful stimuli. While generally useful in humans as a protective response to foreign matter, chronically elevated quantities of associated inflammatory factors C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta have been linked in literature with decreased overall lifespan and well-being in humans via inflammatory processes. It is possible that by lowering these associated factors, increased well-being and lifespan may be experienced by the general population. One common health supplement with such promise is fish oil, which, through compounds eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, has been observed to decrease levels of secreted inflammatory markers in cell culture. In addition, molecular pathways have since been discovered which demonstrate possible means for which this physiological response may occur. However, despite the promise of such health benefits, studies attempting to discern the impact EPA/DHA supplementation has on inflammatory markers within humans have since emerged with mixed results. The aim of this study is to provide a meta-analysis across a number of studies to determine whether or not an impact exists through EPA/DHA supplementation in healthy populations, and if one exists, to what degree the respective inflammatory factors may be lowered.

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