Texte remanié de: Thesis Ph. D.--New Delhi--Jawaharlal Nehru University. Titre de soutenance : Social protest and popular movement in medieval Orissa (c. AD 1450-1600). / Bibliogr. p. 213-223.

This work focuses on the use of a genetic algorithm for optimization in a search-based problem. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a subset of evolutionary algorithms that models biological processes to optimize highly complex functions. A GA allows a population composed of many individuals to evolve under specified selection rules to a state that maximizes the “fitness” (i.e. minimize the objective function). A major advantage of using GA over most stochastic techniques is its parallelism, which speeds up the simulation results leading to faster convergence. With mutation, the GA is also less likely to get stuck in local minima compared to other stochastic techniques. However, some notable drawbacks of the Standard GA (SGA) include slow convergence and a possibility of being stuck in local optimum solution. The SGA uses a random process to generate parameter values for the initial population generation, crossover and mutation processes. Random number generators are designed to result in either uniform distributions or Gaussian distributions. We conjecture that the evolutionary processes in genetics are driven by a random non-linear deterministic dynamic process rather than a random non-deterministic process. Therefore, in the GA evolutionary process, a chaotic map is incorporated into the initial population generation, the crossover and mutation processes of the SGA; this is termed the Chaotic GA (CGA). The properties of a chaotic system that provides additional benefits over randomly generated solutions are sensitivity to initial conditions, topological density and topological transitivity (robust diversity). These properties ensure that the CGA is able to explore the entire solution space. Introducing chaos into the whole process of a standard genetic algorithm may help improve convergence time and accuracy. Simulation was done using Matlab and Java.

Mémoire (M.E.S.R.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Aachen--Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, 1986. / Bibliogr. p. 351-386. Index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1934. / Thesis note on label mounted on t.p.; also on p. [7]. Descriptive letterpress on versos facing the plates. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. 78-83.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1934. / Thesis note on label mounted on t.p.; also on p. [7]. Descriptive letterpress on versos facing the plates. Bibliography: p. 78-83.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-20T21:03:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroDaniloGaldinoVitorPereira_DISSERT.pdf: 1001427 bytes, checksum: 369e9208b5b3b076acb2435df546cb28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-23T18:24:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroDaniloGaldinoVitorPereira_DISSERT.pdf: 1001427 bytes, checksum: 369e9208b5b3b076acb2435df546cb28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T18:24:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroDaniloGaldinoVitorPereira_DISSERT.pdf: 1001427 bytes, checksum: 369e9208b5b3b076acb2435df546cb28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-05 / O presente trabalho discutir? a rela??o entre est?tica e pol?tica na obra do fil?sofo franc?s Jacques Ranci?re, a partir, principalmente, do conceito de partilha do sens?vel. Para Ranci?re h? um campo comum que une essas duas esferas do saber humano, a est?tica primeira que se refere a um a priori da sensibilidade. Neste sentido, tanto a arte quanto a pol?tica podem intervir neste tecido da sensibilidade, reconfigurando a partilha do sens?vel de maneira dissensual. H?, segundo o autor, uma dicotomia no campo da partilha do sens?vel, duas l?gicas que organizam ou redistribuem as ativi-dades, os tempos e espa?os. De um lado, uma l?gica do consenso e da boa ordena-??o das posi??es e, de outro lado, uma l?gica que funciona nas fronteiras da domina-??o, criando um sens?vel conflituoso. A partir deste campo comum da partilha do sen-s?vel, Ranci?re colocar? em discuss?o como as artes afetam o tecido das partilhas e como ganha um car?ter pol?tico por esta raz?o. O objetivo desta disserta??o ? apre-sentar e discutir como ? poss?vel a emancipa??o se efetivar a partir da pr?tica de indiv?duos como prolet?rios ou artistas, pensando as rela??es entre est?tica e pol?tica. / This work will discuss the relationship between aesthetics and politics in the work of the French philosopher Jacques Ranci?re, based mainly on the concept of distribution of the sensible. For Ranci?re there is a common field that joins these two spheres of human knowledge, the primary aesthetics referred to an a priori of sensitivity. In this sense, both art and politics can intervene in this sensory fabric, reconfiguring the dis-tribution of the sensible dissensual way. There is, according to the author, a dichotomy in the field of distribution of the sensible, two logics that organize or redistribute the activities, times and spaces. On the one hand, a logic of consensus and good order of locations and on an other hand, a logic that works on the frontiers of domination, cre-ating a disruptive sensible. From this common ground of distribution of the sensible, Ranci?re put in discussion how the arts affect the fabric of the distribution and how to get a political character for this reason. The aim of this work is to present and discuss how it is possible to effective the emancipation from the practice of subjects as workers or artists, thinking the relationship between aesthetics and politics.

Neste trabalho realizamos um programa de seqüenciamento em larga escala de cDNAs obtidos de bibliotecas construídas a partir de mRNA de células de B. emersonii submetidas ao choque térmico e ao estresse por cádmio. Obtivemos 6350 seqüências expressas (ESTs) de alta qualidade, que representam 2326 seqüências únicas putativas (unigenes) do fungo. Destes unigenes putativos, 1282 genes foram classificados em pelo menos uma das categorias do Consórcio Gene Ontology (GO). A análise do transcriptoma parcial de B. emersonii determinado até o momento permitiu a identificação de 78 unigenes codificando chaperones moleculares de todas as famílias conhecidas. Para avaliarmos a expressão global dos genes em resposta a estresses ambientais, como o choque térmico e o cádmio, realizamos ensaios de microarranjos de DNA nestas condições de estresse. Observamos que em resposta ao choque térmico, B. emersonii induz a expressão de genes que codificam proteínas relacionadas com o enovelamento de proteínas e com a proteólise, o que seria esperado em condições de temperaturas elevadas, assim como genes que codificam proteínas com propriedades antioxidantes, além de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de nucleotídeos e no metabolismo de carboidratos. Em resposta ao estresse por cádmio, verificou-se a indução de genes que codificam principalmente proteínas com propriedades antioxidantes, proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de aminoácidos, proteínas relacionadas com o transporte celular e proteínas envolvidas no enovelamento de proteínas e proteólise. Uma das conseqüências do estresse por cádmio é o aumento do estresse oxidativo e proteínas antioxidantes têm um papel fundamental na resposta a este tipo de estresse. Dentre os genes observados durante o seqüenciamento das ESTs de B. emersonii, observamos dez genes codificando proteínas distintas da família Hsp70. Nove genes hsp70 são expressos em pelo menos um dos estágios do desenvolvimento do fungo e sete apresentam uma indução significativa após o choque térmico. Estes dados sugerem que estes genes desempenham um papel importante durante o desenvolvimento e em resposta ao estresse térmico em B. emersonii. Outro dado interessante obtido neste trabalho foi o enriquecimento de ESTs que continham íntrons em sua seqüência nas bibliotecas de estresse. Portanto, o choque térmico e o estresse por cádmio em B. emersonii diminuem a eficiência de processamento dos íntrons permitindo sua caracterização. O cDNA da proteína Hsp17 foi o que apresentou o maior número de ESTs seqüenciadas nas bibliotecas de estresse. Experimentos de Northern blot indicaram que o gene hsp17 possui um nível de expressão muito baixo durante o ciclo de vida de B. emersonii, no entanto, como esperado sua expressão aumenta drasticamente quando as células de esporulação ou germinação são submetidas a choque térmico. Os níveis da proteína Hsp17 acompanham os níveis do seu mRNA, indicando que o controle da expressão do gene hsp17 deve ocorrer em nível de transcrição. / In this work we realized a large scale, sequencing program of cDNAs libraries obtained from mRNA of B. emersonii cells submitted to heat shock and cadmium stress. A total of 6350 high quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained, representing 2326 unique putative genes (unigenes) of this fungus. From these putative unigenes, 1282 genes were classified at least in one of the three Gene Ontology Consortium (GO) categories. The analysis of the partial transcriptome of B. emersonii, determined until now, allowed the identification of 78 unigenes encoding molecular chaperones of all known protein families. To evaluate the global expression of the genes in response to environmental stresses, such as heat shock and cadmium, DNA microarray assays were performed. We observed that in response to heat shock B. emersonii induces the expreession of genes encoding proteins related to protein folding and proteolysis, as expected under high temperature conditions, as well as genes encoding proteins with antioxidant properties and proteins involved in nucleotide and carbohydrate metabolism. In response to cadmium stress, we mainly verified the induction of genes for proteins with antioxidant properties, proteins involved in amino acid metabolism, proteins related to cellular transport and proteins related to protein folding and proteolysis. One of the consequences of the exposure to cadmium is the increase of oxidative stress, and antioxidant proteins have a fundamental role in the response to this kind of injury. Amongst the genes observed during the B. emersonii EST sequencing program, ten genes encoding distinct proteins from the Hsp70 family were observed. Nine of them are expressed at least in one stage of the fungus development and seven genes presented a significant induction during heat shock treatment. These data suggest that the hsp70 genes perform an important role during development and in response to heat stress in B. emersonii. Another interesting result from this work was the enrichment of ESTs containing introns in the stress libraries. Thus, heat shock and cadmium stress decrease the efficiency of intron processing in B. emersonii, allowing for intron characterization. The cDNA for the Hsp17 protein presented the highest number of ESTs sequenced from the stress libraries. Northern blot experiments indicated that the hsp17 gene is expressed at very low levels throughout the life cycle of B. emersonii, however, as expected its expression increases drastically when sporulation or germination cells are submitted to heat shock. Hsp17 protein levels accompany its mRNA levels, indicating that the control of expression of the hsp17 gene occurs at a transcriptional level.

L’objectif de cette étude était d’établir les relations entre l’abondance des orignaux (Alces alces), leur condition corporelle et la fécondité des femelles dans le contexte de l’augmentation marquée de leur densité au cours des dernières décennies dans l’Est du Québec. Les résultats indiquent une diminution de la condition corporelle des orignaux à forte densité, particulièrement au niveau des réserves de gras et de la masse musculaire, que nous associons à une réduction de la disponibilité des ressources. Notre étude suggère que les femelles peuvent tout de même maintenir un taux de fécondité élevé en réduisant la taille de leur portée et en conservant ainsi de l’énergie pour se reproduire pendant plus d’années. Nous concluons qu’en absence de prédateurs, l’équilibre à court ou moyen terme entre la nourriture et les grands herbivores est peu probable, ce qui peut entraîner des conséquences négatives sur la dynamique de régénération naturelle de la sapinière à bouleau blanc. / The main objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between relative moose (Alces alces) abundance, body condition and female fecundity in the context of the increase of moose density over the last decades in eastern Québec. Our results revealed a decline in body condition at high moose density, particularly in fat reserves and muscular mass, that we associated with a reduction in food resources. Our study suggest that moose females can maintain high fecundity despite the decline in body condition by reducing litter size at ovulation and conserving energy to increase the probability of reproducing during more years. We conclude that in absence of predators, equilibrium with forage is unlikely for large herbivores over short- or mid-term. Consequently, large herbivore populations may have negative effects on the natural regeneration dynamic of balsam fir-paper birch forests.

Un approvisionnement stable en fourrage est important pour la pérennité des fermes laitières dans l'Est du Canada. En plus de l'azote, la croissance optimale des cultures fourragères nécessite un apport adéquat en potassium (K) et en phosphore (P), dont la disponibilité pourrait être influencée par les pratiques culturales. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était d'évaluer la stabilité des rendements fourragers sous des pratiques culturales contrastées, mais également de comprendre comment ces pratiques influent sur la dynamique du K et du P dans un sol argileux de l'Est canadien. Un dispositif de longue durée a été initié en 1989 dans la région du Saguenay Lac St-Jean. Il s'agissait d'une rotation fixe orge-fourrage-fourrage établie sur un Gleysol humique sous labour conventionnel (MP) ou chisel (CP) et recevant une fertilisation minérale (MIN) ou organique (fumier liquide de bovins laitiers, LDM). Nous avons identifié que les rendements étaient plus stables cycliquement (par cycle de trois ans) qu'annuellement. L'indice de stabilité du rendement a été réduit d'un facteur de 1.86 ± 0.57 pour les grains, de 1.87 ± 0.24 pour les pailles et de 2.00 ± 0.25 pour les fourrages en utilisant l'évaluation cyclique. Le LDM a permis d'obtenir des rendements en fourrage et en paille plus élevés que MIN. Cependant, le travail du sol n'a pas influencé les rendements. Le bilan cumulé de K était en moyenne de −579 kg K ha⁻¹ cycle⁻¹ avec MIN et +69 kg K ha⁻¹cycle⁻¹ avec LDM. L'accumulation de K échangeable dans les couches supérieures du sol était plus élevée avec LDM qu'avec MIN. Toutefois aucune relation significative entre le bilan cumulé de K et le K échangeable n'a été observée à travers les cycles. Les fractions de K échangeable et non échangeable entre 2001 et 2016 ont augmenté avec MIN malgré un bilan K déficitaire, mettant en évidence l'équilibre dynamique entre les formes de K du sol. Pour le P, le bilan cyclique cumulé variait de –20 à +150 kg P ha⁻¹ avec LDM, et de –33 à +3 kg P ha⁻¹ avec MIN, alors que des réserves plus élevées de P Mehlich-3 ont été mesurées dans la couche arable (0–15 cm) avec MIN qu'avec LDM. Une relation négative entre le bilan cumulé de P et le P Mehlich-3 a été observée soulignant la complexité des mécanismes contrôlant la disponibilité du P dans le sol. L'analyse de la couche 0–15 cm avait montré un P total plus faible sous LDM par rapport à MIN pour deux dates (2001 et 2016), et une diminution de P organique entre 12 et 27 ans sous LDM probablement due à une minéralisation ou à une perte de P organique. Les résultats obtenus avaient également montré que le travail du sol a eu un effet significatif sur la répartition de K et de P dans le sol. En raison de la différence de profondeur de labour entre CP (15 cm) et MP (20 cm), le CP avait conduit à une plus grande accumulation de K et de P dans la couche 0−15 cm, tandis que l'inverse a été constatée dans la couche 15−30 cm. Les résultats semblaient également indiquer qu'un prélèvement de K et de P par les plantes a eu lieu dans la profondeur 15−30 cm. Dans l'ensemble, cette étude a permis de démontrer que la stabilité cyclique des rendements ouvrait une nouvelle perspective de gestion des terres et de stockage des foins et de souligner la forte capacité tampon en K et en P des sols à texture fine. Avec un suivi régulier des cultures, et du statut potassique et phosphaté du sol, le CP et le LDM pourraient assurer la durabilité des systèmes fourragers dans l'Est du Canada. Toutefois, l'approche reliant les bilans de K et de P à leurs formes disponibles pour soutenir le concept d'accumulation et de maintien de la fertilité du sol s'est révélée peu fiable dans ce sol argileux. Enfin, nous recommandons de revisiter localement la stratégie de fertilisation des systèmes fourragers composés de légumineuses et de graminées établis sur un Gleysol humique afin d'inclure la teneur en K non échangeable dans la recommandation en K et la teneur en argile du sol dans la recommandation en P. / A stable supply of forages is important to ensure sustainability of the dairy farms in Eastern Canada. In addition to nitrogen, optimal forage growth requires an adequate supply of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P), whose availability could be influenced by agricultural practices. The main objective of this thesis was to assess forage yields stability under contrasting management practices, but also to understand how these practices influence K and P dynamics in clayey soils of Eastern Canada. We used along-term experiment established in 1989 in the region of Saguenay Lac St-Jean. This was a fixed barley-forage-forage rotation established on a humic Gleysol under moldboard plow (MP) or chisel (CP) plowing and supplied by mineral (MIN) or organic (liquid dairy manure, LDM) fertilizers. We found that crop yields were more stable cyclically (per three-year cycle) than annually. Yield stability index was reduced by factor of 1.86 ± 0.57 for grains, 1.87 ± 0.24 for straw and 2.00 ± 0.25 for forage using cyclic assessment. The LDM returned higher forage and straw yields than MIN. However, yields were not influenced by the tillage practice. Cumulative K budget averaged −579 kg K ha⁻¹ cycle⁻¹ with MIN and +69 kg K ha⁻¹ cycle⁻¹ with LDM. Exchangeable K accumulation in upper soil layers was higher with LDM than MIN. Nevertheless, no significant relationship between cumulative K budget and exchangeable K was observed across cycles. Exchangeable and non-exchangeable K fractions between 2001 and 2016 increased under MIN (deficit K budget), underlying the dynamic equilibrium between soil K forms. For P, cumulative cyclic budget varied from –20 to +150 kg P ha⁻¹ with LDM, and –33 to +3 kg P ha⁻¹ with MIN, while higher reserves of Mehlich-3 P were measured in topsoil (0–15 cm) with MIN than LDM. The negative relationship between cumulative P budget and Mehlich-3 P highlighted the complex mechanisms controlling soil P availability. Soil analysis in 0–15 cm layer showed lower total P with LDM than MIN for two dates (2001 and 2016), and a decline of organic P between 12 and 27 years under LDM probably due to organic P mineralization or loss. Tillage practices had significant effect on soil K and P distribution. Due to the difference in plowing depth between CP (15 cm) and MP (20 cm), the CP led to greater K and P accumulation than MP in the 0−15 cm layer, while the reverse was observed in 15−30 cm layer. The results also indicated that K and P uptakes by plants occurred in the 15−30 cm depth. Overall, this study showed that cyclic yield stability opened up a new perspective for land allocation and forage storage, and underlined the high buffer capacity in K and P of fine-textured soils. With regular monitoring of crops, and soil K and P status, CP and LDM could ensure the sustainability off orage production systems in Eastern Canada. However, the approach relating K and P budget to their available forms to support soil fertility buildup and maintenance appeared to be wrong in this clayey soil. Finally, we suggest to revisit local fertilization strategy of forage legume and grass mixtures in rotation with cereal established on a humic Gleysol in order to include non-exchangeable K content in K fertilizer recommendation and soil clay content in P fertilizer recommendation.