This master´s thesis deals with documentation processing of project financing inquiry for employee´s qualification improvement at BDS Ltd. financed by EU´s structural funds, concretely by European social fund.

The master´s thesis is aimed at the European Union points at issue and to this related European funds that can be the source of finances for the establishment of the leisure zone in Humpolec. The aim of the thesis is to project the financing for the establishment of a leisure zone at the “Hadina” pond surroundings with the aim to adapt the surrounding to various free time activities as well as to an active use by the inhabitants of all generations.

Doctor Legum - LLD / Regional integration has been part of Africa’s overarching strategy for economic transformation. To further enhance sustainable development and economic growth, in the African continent intra-regional trade is equally as important as international trade. Therefore, African countries are faced with the daunting task of adopting comprehensive and well-structured measures to ensure the movement of goods and people across borders are seamless and unrestrictive. Free movement of persons in particular is one of the core tenets of regional integration, building towards a common market. To that effect, the African Union (AU) based on Agenda 2063 has agreed on a Continental Free Trade Area and a Protocol on Movement of Persons indicating a commitment of attaining a single market where goods, persons and services can move freely across national borders. With the Southern African Development Community (SADC) being a Regional Economic Community (REC) recognised under the AU, this thesis seeks to argue for deeper integration by ensuring the movement of persons in the SADC is regulated beyond the scope that is recognised internationally under the International laws influencing the movement of persons. Also, this thesis argues for amendment of certain provisions in the SADC Protocol on the Facilitation of the Movement of Persons to further facilitate intra-regional trade. The SADC operates to an extent as a Free Trade Area (FTA) where goods are traded duty free across borders and the intention is to go higher up the integration ladder to become a Common Market by 2015 and an Economic Union with a Single Currency by 2018. Targets which has not been met to date. Article 5(2) (d) and Article 23 of the SADC Trade Protocol realises the significance of policy development in promoting free movement of people and services within the SADC region. To facilitate the movement of people, the SADC drafted a Protocol on the Free Movement of People in 1995. This Protocol never materialised and it was subsequently replaced by a Protocol on Facilitation on Movement of People which is limited in scope and is not yet operational as ratification by two third majority of Member States has not occurred. In 2012, a Protocol on Trade in Services which also within a limited scope influences the movement of persons in the region was also concluded but is not yet ratified by Member States of the SADC. The absence of a single consistent and comprehensive framework makes people vulnerable to informal practices at the border. Thus, the issue of ensuring free movement of people between SADC Member States still remains debatable and unresolved.

The creation of the European Union and later the European economic and monetary union started as a peace project and later on to make the European countries stronger and unified through economic integration The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect that EU(EZ) membership has on the economic growth of its member states. This is done by using an augmented Solow model including the GDP per capita growth rate which represents the economic growth while the EU(EZ) membership is represented by dummy variables. Other variables in the model have been included as control variables but also that are relevant for economic growth. The existing literature regarding the growth impact of the European integration is divided and is still inconclusive as seen from the different results from different studies and that could be due to the heterogeneity of the member countries, the time period studied but as well due to the methodological difficulties. Some economists have found a positive impact on economic growth, while others have not been able to find any impact at all. Thus, it could be said the growth effect from the EU(EZ) membership is a controversial subject. By using data for the OECD countries, including both EU and non-EU countries, eurozone and non-eurozone members over the time period 1990 to 2018, the results have suggested the following; EU and eurozone memberships have not contributed to economic growth of their members, while EU membership has affected negatively the growth rate of the EU countries compared to the non-EU OECD countries when the financial crisis was controlled for.

Diplomová práce Pavel Novák, 2012 Abstrakt anglicky This work deals with institutional structure and processes of the European Union which operate in foreign missions of this international organization under Common Security and Defence Policy. On the basis of functional analysis of institutions there are described relevant institutions and theirs codified processes. Practical exercise is analyzed on chosen sample of two military operations and two civilian missions. Conclusion is drawn from founded problems of institutional character.

As long as European Union has existed, as long there has been discussion of how long will the union stay as a whole. The differences between the member states are visible and because of this common policies are hard to achieve. European Union has done a lot in trying to create a harmonized immigration policies, yet there have been challenges. The refugee crisis that started in 2015 was something that EU as well as its member states were not prepared for. Different policies were done and cooperation was created, yet many member states turned against the EU and decided not to follow its rules. There was a fear that was a lot affected by the securitization of the immigrants. Key words: securitization, European Union, immigration, refugee crisis 2015, realism,

Understanding identities as socially and collectively constructed, this study aims to show how FRONTEX, the European Border and Coast Guard Agency, takes part in the construction of a collective EU-identity. Through practises of bordering, differentiation, as well as the construction of the Other, FRONTEX plays an important and previously neglected role in the construction of a common EU-identity shared among the member states. By promoting theimportance of the EU’s external borders and the dangers of the outside world, FRONTEX reproduces the narrative where the EU is seen as a community of common values and ideas in need of protection.

Previous research has described EU foreign policy as becoming mediatized, referring to a process where the communication of politics is being adjusted to changes in the media landscape. When more information is available to the citizens through a variety of media, political actors have to compete for the citizens' attention. Political actors are then using 'media logic', using tactics such as storytelling, simplifying and emphasising conflicts and differences, at the expense of 'political logic'. Political logic represents the use of traditional political values, institutions and consensus-building. The EU's communications about China can be seen as a disputed case, as a use of media logic could be helpful in uniting the member states in a common strategy towards China, as this has been a challenge for the EU. It could also, however, be avoided by the EU, as it could lead to the EU harming their relationship with China, as well as the economic interests of the member states. The results show that between the years 2016-2020, media logic is increasingly used, as well as becoming more polarising and visualising with time. This could be a result of the EU-China relationship becoming strained by conflicts with China on human rights issues, but also be a part of a communication strategy where the EU attempts to unite the member states, as well as gain legitimacy for its foreign policy.

This thesis investigates the environmental impact of the EU’s free trade agreements, to answer the research question of “How does Free Trade affect the Environmental Footprint of Sweden, as a Part of the EU, in the Agricultural Sector?”. A critical green theory framework was applied to conceptualize the international system and understand the hierarchical nature of global trade relationships. To answer the research question, data from the Swedish statistical administration (SCB), government reports by Swedish environmental and agricultural agencies, and reports by independent research organizations were analysed. It was found that Sweden’s imported agricultural goods have a significantly higher environmental footprint, and that the share of emissions in the Swedish agricultural sector that are from imports is increasing, as free trade makes environmentally harmful production abroad more profitable than sustainable production at home. This is in spite of an increasing share of food that is consumed in Sweden being domestically produced. It was found that, while the agricultural sector within Sweden and the EU is becoming more sustainable, the import of agricultural products from underdeveloped countries leads to an increase in overall emissions.

Friček, Michal.. Changes of geopolitical map of Balkan and their influence on security of the Czech Republic. Prague: Charles University in Prague. Faculty of Social Sciences. 2012. Number of words: 20 435. Number of letters: 125 104. Supervisor: Doc. PhDr. Bořivoj Hnízdo, PhD. This work evaluates objective risks for security of the Czech Republic resulting from geopolitical changes in Balkan according to respective security sectors. It is done specifically in military, social and political security. Evolution of these threats is compared with dynamic of military conflicts on territory of western Balkan. That is base for assessment of adequacy of securitization of these problems on the part of Czech security authorities. Keywords: security of the Czech Republic - Balkan geopolitics