The Graduation work "Coherence between social environment and conversion to extremism" sets forth an insight into the issue of extremism and socially excluded locations.The aim of the work was to find relations between these two notions. The extremist scene in the Czech Republic was described in details as well as the crime connected to extremism, and psychological expert account of extremist crime perpetrators. Further, the situation of socially excluded locations was introduced, their increase within recent years, and especially problems of children growing up in these locations. Also were mentioned possible mental deprivations, which may occur at children from these location. In the practical part, 37 directed interviews were carried out with Czech extremist parties (both right and left - wing) members. Based on these interviews a conclusion was reached, whether life in socially excluded location may influence an individual's eventual conversion to extremism.

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This thesis sets out to examine how teachers in RE reflect and respond to religious students' questions and statements about religion and violent religious extremism by interviewing three teachers workning in so called particularily deprived areas in the outskirts of Malmö, Göteborg and Stockholm. In these areas there have been several cases of citizens leaving the country to travel to areas of conflict and war, most recently to the Islamic State in Syria and Iraq. With this “backdrop”, it is this study's aim to examine and explore what didactic strategies the teachers employ when engaging with religious, primarily muslim students within a secular, non confessional and compulsory RE. The study shows that the teachers' own religiosity and attitude towards the relationship between religion and secular society is crucial to their didactical approaches. This raises questions about what role the teacher plays in didactics, where a sole focus on the interplay between student and content/lesson material seems insufficient.

This dissertation addresses the question how democracies defend themselves from political parties and groups which profess antidemocratic values and use violence as one of the means to achieve their goals. In particular this dissertation analyses the range of formal-legal measures and provisions that democracies have at their disposal to constrain their non-democratic groups and political parties, looking at eight advanced European democracies Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These measures and provisions are identified in constitutional documents, civil law, criminal law, in electoral laws, and other pertinent legal sources passed by the legislature and issued by courts of these countries, pertaining to the regulation of political freedoms, public order, and homeland security. On this basis, the thesis provides an encompassing and systematic assessment of differences and similarities between these democracies and thereby assesses their relative formal-legal democratic defensiveness.

The aim of this thesis, focusing on the Criminological Aspects of Hate Crime, is to provide a comprehensive analysis of this kind of criminality in the Czech Republic from the criminological point of view. The work is divided into six chapters. The first of which introduces the topic and presents the definition of this kind of criminality and its close connection with extremist criminality. This activity is characterised by hate motivation against a group or an individual because of their real or presumed race, colour, religion, national origin or ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation or disability. The chapter also deals with the development of the hate crime concept, typology of criminal activity based on the committed type of crime or motivation and particular criminal acts occurring in the Czech Republic. The second chapter is focused on extremism and illegal activities of the members of this scene which attack the democratic system and are capable of jeopardizing it. In addition, it examines kinds of extremism, related ideologies and the Czech situation. The criminological part of the thesis, starting in the third chapter, begins with the phenomenology of hate crime, presenting the state of this criminality in the Czech Republic, comparing it to the previous years and elaborating on the types...

The aim of the thesis on the topic of Criminological aspects of hate crime is to comprehensively cover the issue of this particular crime in the Czech Republic, its specifics and differences from other types of crime. The work is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter is introductory and gives the explanation of the concept of hate crimes, its characteristics and division. This chapter also contains analysis of the crimes, where the motive consisting of racial, ethnic, religious and other hatred is a sign of a basic or skilled fact in issue. In the second chapter there are terms extremism, racism, xenophobia, anti-Semitism, nationalism, terrorism, their definition and division discussed in more detail. Chapter Three and Chapter Four are focused on the offenders and victims of hate crimes. They concentrate primarily on how are the offenders and victims of these crimes distinguished from the offenders and victims of "normal" crimes. The fifth chapter explains the most common form of commission, the most common objects and offenders of hate crimes. The sixth chapter describes the causes of hate crimes, i.e. prejudices, stereotypes, social and economic situations. Chapter Seven is devoted to the development and situation on the Czech extremist scene. Chapter Seven describes the most important...

The aim of this master's degree thesis on the topic of the Criminological Aspects of Hate Crime is to offer a comprehensive perspective on hate crime from the criminological point of view. The first chapter is introductory and concerns itself with the phenomenon of hate crime in general. It deals with the theoretical definition of hate crime, its specific characteristics that distinguish it from other types of crime and it also includes a typology of hate crimes. Subsequently, it focuses on the international, European and Czech substantive legal regulation. The second chapter concerns itself with the related term of extremism. It defines the main ideas and manifestations of right wing and left wing extremism and it also focuses on the current situation and extremist scene in the Czech Republic. During the examination of the right wing political extremism, the terms of racism, nationalism, ethnocentrism and xenophobia are explained. Then, religious extremism and terrorism are briefly described. Finally, the last subchapter deals with the etiology of extremism. The core of this thesis lies in its third chapter that concerns itself with hate crimes from the criminological perspective and examines phenomenology, etiology and control of this criminality. The phenomenological subchapter focuses on the...

On the 22nd of July 2011, Norwegian lone actor Anders Behring Breivik decided tocarry out his life mission; a mission, which resulted in two separate terrorist attackskilling 77 individuals linked to the Norwegian Labour Party. The attacks directlycontributed to launch the second violence wave of the modern right-wing extremistmovement, turning it into the most violent movement of today in Western Europe. Theyalso contributed to establish Breivik as a template and a hero for many of theindividuals active in the right-wing extremist movement, making other right-wing loneactors follow Breivik's methods and committing crimes in the name of the sameideology as him. But which specific moral arguments did Breivik use in order to justifyand promote "his" ideology, and beyond that, his crime? In order to answer thatquestion, in this thesis, Breivik's manifesto was analysed using the situational actiontheory as a moral base. A simple discourse analysis framed by the intersectionalperspective was used as a method, and the analysis resulted in three main themes -Ethnicity, Religion, and Gender - as well as six sub-themes that highlighted the fight-forand the fight-against dimensions of each theme. In the discussion, the violent languageand the hierarchical order of the themes were examined, which demonstrated that acriminological perspective is needed when the connection between ideology and crimeis to be understood. The thesis was thereafter concluded with the notion that ideologyneeds to be seen as an independent risk factor in order for these types of crimes to beprevented. / <p>2016-06-01</p>

This graduation analyses contemporary czech antisemitism in the context of right and left political extremism. It contains definition, typology and history of antisemitism in the area of czech republic as well as description of new forms of antisemitism emerging in the recent years. Main topic of this graduation focuses on the czech extremist subculture including neonacist movements or anti-globalisation activists. Variours examples of antisemitic acts and behavior are presented in the context of the level of risks for the security of Czech republic.

Radikalisering och våldsbejakande extremism har på senare tid blivit ett allt större problem i samhället1 och den lokala nivåns betydelse understryks allt tydligare av såväl svenska forskare som internationella nätverk. Forskningen visar att kommunerna bär det största ansvaret avseende det förebyggande arbetet.2 I Sverige tillsattes den nationella samordnaren 2014 som satte allt större press på kommunerna att införa åtgärder mot den våldsbejakande extremismen. Denna uppgift hamnade på aktörer med varierande kunskap i ämnet och resulterade i handlingsplaner som skiljde sig åt i stor utsträckning. Syftet med denna uppsats är att förklara variationer i kommunernas arbete och varför implementeringen kom att se så olika ut. För att göra detta analyseras intervjuer och handlingsplaner från fyra olika kommuner i Sverige. Analysen tar en ansats utifrån tesen om att den enskilde individens vilja, kunskap och förståelse påverkar implementeringens utfall. Resultatet visar att förekomsten av dessa tre erbjuder högre måluppfyllnad i implementeringsprocessen. Detta resultat betonar individens påverkan på implementeringen och att dess förutsättningar bör tas i beaktning såväl inom forskningen som inom det faktiska arbetet hos kommunerna.