As the point of integrated time and cost, the research is to study the project management by way of EVMS(Earned Value Management System). With case study the research explore the feasibility and value of EVMS applied project management The research explores the integration between time and cost by way of project-managerial technique. The purposes are as follows: l To explore the techniques of project management. 2 To study the theory, function and target about EVMS. 3 With case study, to compare the difference between traditional project management and EVMS. 4 Elementarily to evaluate to introduce EVMS into government project management. To fulfill previous purposes, the research design is adopted case study and paper investigation. The findings are as below: l EVMS has a better explanatory ability to the difference analysis of project management. 2 If time and cost control system adopt the same measurement unit, it can avoid confusion of information expression. 3 One of core information is to accurately measure the progress of the project. 4 EVMS has a good ability to forecast EAC(Estimate At Completion).It signals an early warning. 5 EVMS is suitable for government project management. The level of integration depends upon how to adjust the accounting system.

Abstract Today, too many construction projects are delayed and deviates from the budget. A good project management is the basis for successful construction project. The most common planning methods in the construction industry is currently Gantt chart and CPM. The problem with these is that focus is only at the time of the project and doesn’t handle the budget. A project management method which connects the time and cost is Earned Value Management. Earned Value Management enables calculations of different metrics for cost and time that can be used early to see trends in project implementation. The aim of our study is to describe the project managenment in the construction industry and to explain the criteria needed to implement project management methodology Earned Value Management in a construction company. The EVM is unproved at the construction company we chose to do a case study about. We have in a completed building projects in ByggSjögren in Halmstad, Sweden, examined the criteria that exist, and are required to apply Earned Value Management. Through interviews with Annarell Malmberg and Martin Bengtsson, responsible for calculations and purchase of ByggSjögren, and Insa Ostendorf, project manager at Ramböll, we were using the information they gave us to do our study. Based on empirical evidence and data we collected, we have made estimates and proposals for ByggSjögren could proceed at an implementation of Earned Value Management. We have from a completed project studied the criteria that exist today, and what is missing to be able to use Earned Value Management. Finally, we concluded that the criteria that are important to implement Earned Value Management in construction industry is particularly close monitoring. Much of what is included in the Earned Value Management is already being done today in many construction companies, but they have no name for it. / Idag blir alltför många byggprojekt försenade och håller inte budget. Därför är en bra projektstyrning grunden för lyckade byggprojekt. De vanligaste planeringsmetoderna inom byggbranschen är idag Gantt-schema och Critical Path Method. Problemet med dessa är att fokus endast ligger på tiden för projektet och hanterar inte budgeten. En projektstyrningsmetod som kopplar samman tid och kostnad är Earned Value Management. Earned Value Management möjliggör beräkningar av olika nyckeltal för kostnad och tid som kan användas för att i ett tidigt skede kunna se trender i projektgenomförandet. Syftet med vår studie är att beskriva projektstyrning inom byggbranschen samt att förklara vilka kriterier som krävs för att implementera projektstyrningsmetoden Earned Value Management på ett byggföretag. I och med att Earned Value är oprövad på byggföretag valde vi att göra en fallstudie. Vi har utifrån ett avslutat byggprojekt på ByggSjögren i Halmstad undersökt vilka kriterier som finns, och krävs för att tillämpa Earned Value Management. Genom intervjuer med Annarell Malmberg och Martin Bengtsson, ansvariga för kalkyler och inköp på ByggSjögren, och Insa Ostendorf, projektledare på Ramböll kunde vi med hjälp av den information de gav oss utföra vår studie. Utifrån den empiri och data vi samlat har vi gjort beräkningar och förslag på hur ByggSjögren skulle kunna gå till väga vid en implementering av Earned Value Management. Vi har utifrån ett avslutat projekt studerat vilka kriterier som idag finns, och vilka som saknas för att kunna använda sig av Earned Value Management. Slutligen kom vi fram till att de kriterier som är viktiga för att kunna implementera Earned Value Management i byggbranschen är framförallt en noggrann uppföljning. Metoden består av tio viktiga steg, vilka utgör de kriterier som krävs för en implementering. Mycket av det som ingår i Earned Value Management görs redan idag på många byggföretag fast de har inget namn på det.

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge about how Earned Value Management can be used and be implemented for project management in the construction industry. In order to achieve the study’s purpose, two research questions has been formulated: [1] How can Earned Value Management be used for management of construction projects? [2] What is required to implement Earned Value Management in the construction industry? Method – The questions were answered with the help a case study where qualitative data was collected through interviews and a document study. 42 of the case company’s internal documents were studied in parallel with five interviews. The theoretical framework of the study was formulated through a literature study where relevant theories were studied. The study has adopted an inductive approach since a construction company is studied to create an explanatory model for how earned value management can be used and implemented in the construction industry. Empirical data were analyzed in relation to the study’s theoretical framework to answer the study’s purpose and research questions. Findings – Earned value management can to some extent be adapted to the complexity of the project. However, there are steps in the method which must always be carried out thoroughly for the control tool to be useful in the construction industry. The results of the study show that earned value management can be used for project management in two dimensions, partly as a problem-solving function and partly as a prognostic function. For earned value management to be used and implemented in the construction industry, a detailed design is required where the organization must allocate sufficient resources. The study also shows that the main implementation requirement for earned value management in the construction industry is education as the industry lacks knowledge of the control tool and its benefits. Implications – In essence, the study supports several existing theories. The study'sunique contribution is a knowledge that some adaptation of earned value management is possible with some regulation. The results of the study can be a support for companies in the construction industry in project management because it shows the impact of the steps on the next step and how it then affects the forecast calculations in the final step. It also shows effective ways of dealing with common problems in the industry. Limitations – There is a certain limitation regarding the generalizability of the result as the study only covers one case. The study is completed over a limited period, which is significantly shorter than the completion time for the study case. The result could have been more reliable if the study had been expanded with a completed project / Sammanfattning Syfte – Studien syftar till att öka kunskapen om hur earned value management kananvändas och implementeras för projektstyrning i byggbranschen. För att besvara syftet har två frågeställningar formulerats: [1] Hur kan earned value management användas för styrning av byggprojekt? [2] Vad krävs för att implementera earned value management i byggbranschen? Metod – Frågeställningarna har besvarats med hjälp av en fallstudie där kvalitativa data samlades in genom intervjuer och en dokumentstudie. 42 av fallföretagets interna dokument studerades parallellt med att fem intervjuer genomfördes. Studiens teoretiska ramverk formulerades genom en litteraturstudie där relevanta teorier studerades. Studien har antagit en induktiv ansats då ett byggföretag studeras för att skapa en förklaringsmodell till hur earned value management kan användas och implementeras i byggbranschen. Empiriska data analyserades i relation till studiens teoretiska ramverk för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Resultat – Earned value management kan till vis del anpassas till projektets komplexitet. Däremot visar studien att det finns steg i metoden vilka alltid måste genomföras grundligt för att styrverktyget ska vara användbart i byggbranschen. Studiens resultat visar att earned value management kan användas för projektstyrning i två dimensioner, dels problemlösande, dels prognostiserande. För att earned value management ska kunna användas och implementeras i byggbranschen krävs en utförlig projektering där organisationen måste tillsätta tillräckliga resurser för att möjliggöra detta. Studien visar också att det främsta implementeringskravet för earned value management i byggbranschen är utbildning då branschen saknar kunskap om styrverktyget och dess fördelar. Implikationer – I huvudsak stödjer studien flera befintliga teorier. Studiens unika bidrag är en kunskap om att viss anpassning av earned value management är möjlig med viss reglering. Studiens resultat kan vara ett stöd för företag inom byggbranschen vid projektstyrning eftersom det visar stegens påverkan på nästkommande steg och hur det sedan påverkar prognosberäkningarna i slutsteget. Det visar också effektiva arbetssätt för hantering av vanligt förekommande problem inom branschen. Begränsningar – Det finns en viss begränsning gällande generaliserbarheten av resultatet då studien endast omfattar ett fall. Studien är genomförd under en begränsad tidsperiod, vilken är betydligt kortare än genomförandetiden för studiens fall. Resultatet kan ha blivit mer tillförlitligt om studien utökats med ytterligare ett fall i form av ett avslutat projekt.

O aprofundamento do processo de globalização mundial cada vez mais em evidência gera, dentre inúmeros outros fatores, o aumento da competitividade entre empresas e setores econômicos, bem como o aumento do espectro de oportunidades para as organizações de aplicação de capital nos mercados de países denominados emergentes, com mão de obra barata (Ex: China e Índia) em relação a países das Américas, Europa e atualmente o Brasil. Tornam-se, portanto, cada vez mais competitivos os mercados para projetos de lançamentos de novos produtos, de prestação de serviços de engenharia, de sistemas informatizados, de sistemas de trabalho e novos processos. Exige-se das organizações a necessidade do uso de metodologias consistentes para o gerenciamento dos projetos, visando obter-se redução e controles mais efetivos dos custos, dos prazos de entrega e da qualidade dos projetos. Várias são as medidas identificadas para diminuir os custos, bem como, novas metodologias são utilizadas cada vez mais pelos Gerentes de Projetos para gerenciar principalmente os custos dos projetos durante todo o seu ciclo de vida. A maioria dos projetos é realizada sem que haja um adequado uso de metodologias e ou modelos de gerenciamento, e isto tem causado inúmeras e significativas perdas financeiras aos projetos. A partir desta realidade, este trabalho se propõe analisar uma das áreas de conhecimento do Gerenciamento de Projetos, a de Gerenciamento dos Custos, identificando e criando um novo modelo de medição do Avanço Físico do Projeto. Este novo modelo, juntamente com as demais informações do orçamento inicial do projeto e dos custos incorridos, irá disponibilizar ao Gerente de Projeto, informações mais precisas de avaliação do progresso real do projeto em função dos prazos e custos, para tomada de decisão. A metodologia do EVMS (Earned Value Management System) e do método de Percentual Completo (método que atribui um determinado percentual completo, entre 0 e 100%, a cada ciclo de controle), foi aplicada na implementação desse novo modelo de medição do Avanço Físico do Projeto em um projeto industrial. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a viabilidade do modelo utilizado na medição do Avanço Físico do Projeto, tanto no nível de cada um dos pacotes de trabalho como do projeto como um todo. / The deepening of the world globalization processes ever more in evidence generates, amoung countless other factors, the rise in competitiveness among companies and economic sectors, as well as the growth in the opportunity spectrum for the capital investment companies at so called ?Emerging Countries Market?, offering low-cost labor, (e.g. China and India), in relation to the countries in the Central and South America, Europe and nowadays, Brazil. Market segments such as New Product Launching Projects, Engineering Outsourcing Services, Information Technology Systems, Work Systems and New Processes become more and more competitive. The use of consistent methodologies is demanded from companies when managing such projects, focusing on reducing and more effectively controlling costs, delivery dates as well as the quality of the project itself. We can identify several actions taken to reduce costs, and new tools are used evermore by Project Managers, to mainly manage different project costs, along their life cycle. Most projects are managed without the use of suitable methodologies and or managing models to follow. This has caused many and significant financial losses to such projects. From this perspective, this study analyzes one of the areas of knowledge in Project Management, which is Cost Management, and identify as well as creating a new measuring model, which will make it possible to physically measure the progress of each project. This new model, together with relevant information from the initial forecasted budget and incurred costs, will make it available to the Project Manager, more accurate and vital information when it comes to deadlines and costs, which will help in the decision making process. The EVMS, (Earned Value Management System) methodology and the Percentage Completion Method, (a method that attributes a determined percentage of Project completion (between 0 and 100%), at each control cycle), were applied at the implementation of this new measuring model of Physical Project Advance, at an industrial project. The results have proved the viability of this new model, when measuring Physical Project Advance, not only at each work package level, but also as a Project as a whole.

A crescente complexidade dos projetos modernos, a procura das empresas por um espaço no mercado, a busca pela satisfação dos clientes e a necessidade de se produzir com maior eficiência demandam um tipo de gerenciamento de negócios bastante específico e voltado para estas realidades. O que vem sendo apontado como o que há de mais completo e moderno para suprir esta demanda é o chamado Gerenciamento de Projetos e o seu conjunto de idéias e ferramentas, dentre as quais se destaca a Análise de Valor Agregado. Embora sejam técnicas e conceitos formalmente reconhecidos e aplicados desde meados do século passado, foi a partir da década de 90 que os mesmos alcançaram suas maiores projeções nas empresas. Entretanto, ainda são uma incógnita para muitas pessoas, e alguns de seus usuários ainda encontram muitas dificuldades em suas aplicações. O objetivo deste trabalho é, através de revisão bibliográfica e de observações sobre a rotina de um Gerente de Projetos, levantar as principais características deste tipo de gerenciamento, no intuito de justificar a sua crescente assimilação, bem como evidenciar a sua função estratégica dentro das empresas. Em complemento, este trabalho apresenta um maior aprofundamento sobre a Análise de Valor Agregado, avaliando os problemas relatados por seus usuários e apresentando medidas para a sua melhor aplicação em projetos de grande porte da indústria. Por último, são apresentados os resultados da aplicação de algumas destas medidas em um caso real da indústria brasileira. / The growing complexity of the modern projects, the search of companies for a place in the market, the client’s satisfaction and the need for a more efficient production demand a very specific type of business management, oriented to these points. The so-called Project Management – as well as its concepts and tools, among which we can highlight the Earned Value Analysis - is being pointed as the most modern and complete way of meeting such demands. Although these are formally accepted practices and used since the beginning of last century, they have been adopted by several companies in the last years. These practices, however, are still unclear for many people, and some of the people who adopted them are still facing difficulties in their application. The purpose of this work is to compile the main characteristics and advantages of this type of management, by means of a revision of the literature and day-to-day practical observations of a Project Manager, so as to justify the increasing number of companies adopting these practices and its strategic function inside these companies. In addition to that, this work presents a deeper review on the Earned Value Analysis, evaluating the problems reported by the stakeholders and presenting some measures for its use, aiming at a better project control. To finish, the results of some of these measures applied in a real case in the Brazilian industry are presented.

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la influencia de la gestión logística en el valor ganado en los proyectos de edificación en la selva peruana de una empresa constructora de Lima Metropolitana. En la metodología, se ha empleado la investigación científica cualitativa, la misma que ha servido para el desarrollo de los aspectos más importantes del presente trabajo, desde el planteamiento del estudio hasta la contrastación de la hipótesis. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of logistics management on the value earned in building projects in the Peruvian jungle of a construction company in Metropolitan Lima. In the methodology, qualitative scientific research has been used, which has served for the development of the most important aspects of this work, from the approach of the study to the testing of the hypothesis.

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil (Construções). Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

Todo aquello que pueda ser medido podrá ser mejorado, de esta manera si no conocemos el margen de culminación de un proyecto de construcción difícilmente podremos encontrar y analizar a tiempo las desviaciones en su presupuesto y tomar las acciones correctivas que permitan retomar el rumbo original. Mediante una adecuada gestión económica del presupuesto de construcción podemos encontrar y analizar estas desviaciones. Así a través de su comprensión y la aplicación de las herramientas de gestión adecuadas, podemos controlar su evolución económica dando seguridad a la organización que el proyecto se encuentra dentro de lo estimado originalmente, o de lo contrario poniendo las alertas del caso de manera oportuna para tomar acciones correctivas El costo es, tal vez, el elemento de la línea base que tiene la mayor incidencia en la definición de la viabilidad de un proyecto y es el que, de no ser adecuado, puede hacer fracasar un proyecto. Una técnica específica para medir el rendimiento del trabajo es la gestión del valor ganado para un componente de la estructura del trabajo o un proyecto. La cual compara la cantidad de trabajo ya completada en un momento dado con la estimación realizada antes del comienzo del proyecto y los costos reales. De este modo, se tiene una medida de cuanto trabajo queda para finalizar el proyecto y extrapolando a partir del esfuerzo invertido en el proyecto, se pueden estimar los recursos que se emplearan para finalizar el proyecto. / Everything that can be measured can be improved, so if we do not know the margin of completion of a construction project, we can hardly find and analyze deviations in its budget in time and take the corrective actions that allow us to return to the original course. Through an adequate economic management of the construction budget we can find and analyze these deviations. Thus, through its understanding and application of the appropriate management tools, we can control its economic evolution by giving security to the organization that the project is within the originally estimated, or otherwise putting the case alerts in a timely manner to take corrective actions. The cost is, perhaps, the element of the baseline that has the greatest impact on the definition of the viability of a project and is the one that, if not adequate, can make a project fail. A specific technique for measuring work performance is the management of the value earned for a component of the work structure or a project. Which compares the amount of work already completed at a given time with the estimate made before the start of the project and the actual costs. In this way, we have a measure of how much work is left to finalize the project and extrapolating from the effort invested in the project, we can estimate the resources that will be used to complete the project. / Trabajo de investigación

Project cost and schedule forecasting accuracy in the defense industry has not significantly changed since the 1960s, making it difficult for defense business leaders to implement successful earned value management (EVM) strategies. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore EVM strategies that Washington, D.C. area defense contractor business leaders used to improve costs and schedule goal accomplishment. The conceptual framework for this study was the earned time theory. Data were collected from semistructured interviews from 5 defense contractor business leaders with demonstrated use of EVM strategy. The review of company documents focused on EVM use with reporting requirements, and archival EVM study analysis supplemented the data from the semistructured interviews. Data were triangulated and inductively analyzed for themes, and member checking was done to ensure credibility of the interpretations. Four themes emerged from the data: the use of EVM data to improve outcomes, the existence of essential strategies, the role of EVM as but a single tool, and the essential engagement of leadership. Findings may contribute to social change because defense business contractor leaders could help improve business performance and return resources for social improvement. Investment in social and environmental improvements can strengthen employee commitment and ultimately ties to the community at large, furthering social improvement.

Dr. Bower confirmed that earned value management (EVM) is not widely adopted, and that many project managers see the methodology as being overly complex and difficult to implement. He identified several serious challenges associated with conventional EVM.and addressed the first issue by creating a new theoretical concept called Assured Value Analysis (AVA). This add-in process provides two new measures, permitting improvements to EVM that take into account the added certainty provided through procurement. Assured Value (AV) represents the budget for a future signed contract, and Expected Cost (EC) represents the agreed cost of that contract. Those measures permit the calculation of a Total Cost Variance that includes not only cost deviations to date, but also future ones to which the project team is already committed. AVA also allows conventional EVM formulae to take into account the Assured Value and Expected Cost of future signed agreements. A simple notional project is used to demonstrate the implementation of AVA. He resolved the remaining challenges and issues through realising that the isolation of project phases would provide a simplified but more dependable methodology, one that also provides features not found in conventional EVM. Significant milestones are normally planned to occur at the end of a project phase. By assessing project performance only at the end of each completed phase, performance calculations are significantly simplified.. His new technique, Phase Earned Value Analysis (PEVA) simplifies the calculation of PV, EV and AC, and also provides benefits that are not possible with EVM. Since the planned and actual phase completion dates are known, an intuitively simple but accurate time-based schedule variance and schedule performance index (i.e. SVP and SPIP) can be measured. PEVA also permits the forecasting of future phase end cost figures and phase completion dates using the phase CPI and SPI ratios. Since PEVA employs data points having specific x axis and y-axis values, those can be readily plotted and trend lines identified with standard spreadsheet functions. This is a powerful feature, as it allows key project stakeholders to visualise emerging project performance trends as each phase is completed. Finally, he successfully combined the AVA and PEVA concepts, resulting in a new EVM methodology - Phase Assured Value Analysis (PAVA) - which takes into account the assurance provided by procurement, simplifies the calculation of earned value through phases, and provides powerful forecasting and charting features. He validated this new combined approach in multiple respects. The new AVA and PEVA formulae were rigorously established and confirmed through standard algebraic procedures. The formulae were tested in sample project situations, to clearly demonstrate their functions. He argues that the PAVA approach conforms to the 32 criteria established in the United States for full EVM compliance. He presented AVA and PEVA to critical audiences at major project management conferences in North America and the UK, as well as several gaining expert criticism from organisations and practitioners. Finally, he used archived cost and schedule records to retrospectively test the combined PAVA methodology on a significant office facilities and technology program.