For  many  off-road drive   lovers,  planning a journey to  Tibet   is an ultimate dream.  However, the eco-system there  is quite sensitive and fragile. In this project I try to design  a sustainable vehicle that  could make us enjoy  an expedition to Tibet  while  protecting such precious environment. Research  about future trends, about the  environmental conditions, about emerging powertrain technologies and the Jeep brand helped me to establish my design  concept. Package  study, ideation sketches and clay modelling were used to develop both styling and functionality aspects of the vehicle. Digital modelling supported the fabrication of a quarter scale model.  Storytelling was used  to  explain the  concept and  the  situations that  Jeep  E-pic  drivers could meet  during their expedition. The result  is a self-powered all-terrain vehicle designed to carry  two occupants and their  expedition gear and equipped with various tools to handle  eventual maintenance and rescue  situations.

傳統 PC市場在歷經高速成長後，已逐漸歷經高原期而邁入衰退期。面對這個連上下游都競爭十分激烈的環境，所有PC品牌商都面臨生存保衛戰，只是基於各自不同的競爭力而往不同的方向調整。個案公司透過觀察上游作業平台所建構之生態系統找出一個有別於傳統價值鏈垂直上下游整合的零和方法。經由盤點自身的核心能力，配合外部策略機會，找出了有別於其他PC品牌商的策略定位。透過建立平台，架構有利於自己的生態系統，再透過併購，策略投資，策略聯盟，合組合資公司的方法將擁有關鍵核心能力的廠商整合進這個生態系統，強化生態系統的競爭力。在以此吸引更多具有關鍵核心能力的廠商加入，壯大生態系統，產生正向循環。透過打群架的方法與其他生態系統合作或對抗。如此將可協助企業快速獲得轉型所需要培養的人才與能力，爭取時間度過轉型期，邁向新的事業高峰。

<p>The development of open source software has gone from a model characterized by skilled software developers that developed open source software for their own interest and their own needs to a model that is more business friendly and more attractive for companies and organizations. One new business model for open source software is the professional open source software model or OSS 2.0. The business model includes three roles: the open source project, the professional open source company and the user. This dissertation studies the relationship between these three roles and focuses on the development of the user role and how it may develop for a new user in a specific OSS ecosystem.</p><p>The roles in the eco system that has been studied are taken by the open source project Alfresco, the professional open source company Redpill and a user from a large international company, without any previous experience of open source software or the business model of professional open source. The result of the study showed a well developed eco system between the open source project and the professional open source company but a need of more information about the user’s role in it. Open source software is still seen by the user as an unsafe and unsecure alternative to the proprietary software available and more information about the business model of professional open source software and how the user can interact and influence the eco system is still needed.</p>

People-against-the-law is a societal phenomenon that will never disappear, even in societies where law and order are effectively enforced and practised. Political, economic and social conditions contribute to reasons why some people end up in correctional facilities. This study investigated the perceptions of offenders enrolled in education and training programmes offered by three correctional centres in Pretoria. The study adopted a pragmatic qualitative methodology in which the perceptions of the offenders in the educational programmes, and officials were investigated on whether the programmes addressed their personal development and that of their communities. Interviews and observations were used to collect data during tuition activities. Sixty-five (65) males, females, youth offenders, ex-convicts and officials from Correctional Services and non-governmental organisations participated in the study. Bronfenbrenner’s systems and Knowles’ andragogy were used as the theoretical base to understand the dynamics of adult learning in challenging prison environments. The study concluded that educational programmes offered by the Department of Correctional Services must be needs-based and align to employment opportunities, self-esteem and proper rehabilitation of individual offenders. Adult education programmes grounded on andragogic principles and practices should be revisited in correctional centres’ contexts. Thus educational programmes within Correctional Services should not only be mandatory, but teaching and learning activities should be conducted by qualified adult educators, and address the social needs of the adult offenders. / UNISA / ABET and Youth Development

Abstract In my study I have investigated how a constructed outdoor green environment can be used, managed and how it works. The study also investigates the concept of social sustainability, where, for example, civil dialogue is a method to promote this. This investigation mainly gives account for the inhabitants viewpoint but also a gardeners perspective. The study focuses on the planning process of the study object, what the outcome has been and how the users of the green environment, think about the result. In the process there has been a strong concern of involving the residents and others using the area. I also discuss the results concerning plantation problems, which I can see may influence the site identity and the quality of green areas, which in turn also can affects the residents relationship to it. The result also suggests that there still are possibilities for improvements in the dialogue and the participation of the residents of the area under the concept that’s been named "Dynamic habitat". The outdoor green environment can also further provide life quality for the inhabitants and other users, while it hopefully at the same time, promote the knowledge of ecosystem services. / Sammanfattning I min studie har jag undersökt hur en grön utemiljö kan planeras samt hur den kan användas, fungera och förvaltas. Studien undersöker även hur medborgardialog kan genomföras i ett projekt. Egen inventering av områdets gröna ytor samt intervjuer med brukare och personer som har varit med i planering och genomförande av platsen, ligger till grund för arbetet. Resultatet visar att de områden och funktioner som planerats och gestaltats; nya stigar, grillplatser, lekytor och sittplatser, används och uppskattas av de boende. Resultatet visar även att det finns möjlighet för de boende att påverka och engagera sig i utemiljön men att uppkomsten av växtrelaterade problem påverkar de boendes upplevelse av platsen. Här kan eventuellt förvaltningsformen vara av betydelse, där personliga relationer med den som sköter platsen kan bidra till ökad förståelse och kommunikation. En slutsats är att utökat deltagande och engagemang hos de boende gällande de gröna ytorna i området, kan både främja platsens identitet, social inkludering och ge kunskap och förståelse om olika ekosystemtjänster.

Detaljhandeln har under de senaste åren genomgått en genomgripande förändring och shopping har idag fått en helt annan innebörd än tidigare. Kundresan är inte längre en linjär process, utan är snarare ett ekosystem av olika försäljningsställen och kontaktvägar genom vilka kunden rör sig fritt mellan olika kanaler. Det har mindre betydelse om en vara säljs i en fysisk butik eller om den finns tillgänglig online för upphämtning där det passar bäst just för tillfället. Omnichannel innebär att ett företag använder och kopplar samman alla kundkanaler i syfte att skapa ett sammanhängande system med kunden som utgångspunkt. Centralt är att förstå kundens behov och hur denne vill interagera med varumärket. Det handlar om att finnas närvarande där kunden befinner sig och utifrån detta ha förmåga att kunna erbjuda rätt produkt, till rätt pris, på rätt sätt eller plats och i rätt tid. En god kännedom om kundernas nutida och framtida behov skapar också bättre förutsättningar att prognostisera framtida försäljning. Ny teknik driver i hög grad utvecklingen inom detaljhandeln framåt och insamling av kunddata är avgörande för att nå framgång. Många digitala tekniker som till exempel Internet of Things, Artificiell intelligens, Virtual- och Augmented reality, används i olika utsträckning redan idag. Nyttjandet av denna typ av teknologier ökar snabbt och kommer med stor sannolikhet att i framtiden att ha en central roll i detaljhandelns utveckling.  Denna studie undersöker två svenska detaljhandelskedjors utvecklingsresor inom Omnichannel i syfte att skapa bättre förståelse för hur företag kan utvecklas inom området i praktiken. Tidigare forskning visar att Omnichannel omfattar ett flertal olika områden, såsom strategier, integrering av kanaler och supply chain, kundkännedom, teknik och it, artificiell intelligens, men även på olika typer av barriärer som behöver övervinnas. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats, med tematisk analys som analysmetod. Resultatet utgår ifrån empirin, vilken visar på fem framträdande teman för de två företagens utvecklingsresor. Dessa visar tydligt på komplexiteten i ett kundcentrerat ekosystem för en sömlös shoppingresa och hur stor förändring detta innebär för ett företag. De fem temana handlar om kundkännedom, strategisk affärsutveckling, att hantera omvärldsfaktorer och organisationens förmåga att möta dessa samt om att ta till sig och nyttiggöra ny teknik på ett relevant sätt. Studiens slutsatser och rekommendationer pekar på att ett företags utveckling inom Omnichannel måste utvecklas med kundens behov och köpbeteende i centrum. Det handlar också om att bryta upp organisatoriska stuprör och bygga utifrån ett helhetsperspektiv. Insamling och analys av kunddata är en förutsättning för att lyckas, vilket i sin tur kräver strategier för användning av olika digitala tekniker.  Tidigare forskning visar på stora möjligheter till säkrare prognoser utifrån kunddata och omvärldsbevakning. Inte minst med stöd av Artificiell intelligens. Detaljhandeln är inte unik i detta hänseende och det finns stor potential i kunskapsutbyte med exempelvis industrin, som genomgår en liknande förändring i form av Industri 4.0.

The development of open source software has gone from a model characterized by skilled software developers that developed open source software for their own interest and their own needs to a model that is more business friendly and more attractive for companies and organizations. One new business model for open source software is the professional open source software model or OSS 2.0. The business model includes three roles: the open source project, the professional open source company and the user. This dissertation studies the relationship between these three roles and focuses on the development of the user role and how it may develop for a new user in a specific OSS ecosystem. The roles in the eco system that has been studied are taken by the open source project Alfresco, the professional open source company Redpill and a user from a large international company, without any previous experience of open source software or the business model of professional open source. The result of the study showed a well developed eco system between the open source project and the professional open source company but a need of more information about the user’s role in it. Open source software is still seen by the user as an unsafe and unsecure alternative to the proprietary software available and more information about the business model of professional open source software and how the user can interact and influence the eco system is still needed.

The Peer Recovery Support Specialist (PRSS), a certified professional who self-identifies as being in recovery from a substance use disorder (SUD), mental illness, or co-occurring disorders, plays a key role in the ongoing transformation of SUD treatment from one of acute clinical service provision with documented short-term outcomes including symptom reduction, to a more holistic and comprehensive approach to long-term recovery. Empirical evidence specific to outcomes of PRSS working in the addiction treatment realm is sparse and equivocal, indicating the need for additional research and improved methods designed to explore the nature of the PRSS role and fit within the expanding models of a recovery eco-system. This sequential exploratory mixed-methods study surveyed PRSS in five states of Central Appalachia in order to better understand the nature of their work, personal recovery characteristics and their interactions within existing recovery ecosystems. The final sample included 565 PRSS. Results indicate that PRSS frequently provide emotional support to persons they work with and are overwhelmingly satisfied with their work but have few professional advancement opportunities and generally feel that others misunderstand their role. They have a strong voice and wish to be heard as evidenced by their responses to open text questions and interest in future work. This baseline survey can serve as the beginning of a framework for improved methods if driven by PRSS.

People-against-the-law is a societal phenomenon that will never disappear, even in societies where law and order are effectively enforced and practised. Political, economic and social conditions contribute to reasons why some people end up in correctional facilities. This study investigated the perceptions of offenders enrolled in education and training programmes offered by three correctional centres in Pretoria. The study adopted a pragmatic qualitative methodology in which the perceptions of the offenders in the educational programmes, and officials were investigated on whether the programmes addressed their personal development and that of their communities. Interviews and observations were used to collect data during tuition activities. Sixty-five (65) males, females, youth offenders, ex-convicts and officials from Correctional Services and non-governmental organisations participated in the study. Bronfenbrenner’s systems and Knowles’ andragogy were used as the theoretical base to understand the dynamics of adult learning in challenging prison environments. The study concluded that educational programmes offered by the Department of Correctional Services must be needs-based and align to employment opportunities, self-esteem and proper rehabilitation of individual offenders. Adult education programmes grounded on andragogic principles and practices should be revisited in correctional centres’ contexts. Thus educational programmes within Correctional Services should not only be mandatory, but teaching and learning activities should be conducted by qualified adult educators, and address the social needs of the adult offenders. / Educational Foundations / D. Ed. (Socio Education)

The development of rural areas concerning food security, sustainability and social-economic stability is key issue to the globalized community. Regarding the current state of climatic change, especially semi-arid regions in uenced by monsoon or El Niño are prone to extreme weather events. Droughts, ooding, erosion, degradation of soils and water quality and deserti cation are some of the common impacts. State of the art in hydrologic environmental modeling is generally operating under a reductionist paradigm (Sivapalan 2005). Even an enormous quantity of process-oriented models exists, we fail in due reproduction of complexly interacting processes in their effective scale in the space-time-continuum, as they are described through deterministic small-scale process theories (e.g. Beven 2002). Yet large amounts of parameters - with partly doubtful physical expression - and input data are needed. In contradiction to that most soft information about patterns and organizing principles cannot be employed (Seibert and McDonnell 2002). For an analysis of possible strategies on the one hand towards integrated hydrologic modeling as decision support and on the other hand for sustainable land use development the 512 km2 large catchment of the Mod river in Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, India has been chosen. It is characterized by a setting of common problems of peripheral rural semi-arid human-eco-systems with intensive agriculture, deforestation, droughts and general hardship for the people. Scarce data and missing gauges are adding to the requirements of data acquisition and process description. The study at hand presents a methodical framework to combine eld scale data analysis and remote sensing for the setup of a database focusing plausibility over strict data accuracy. The catena-based hydrologic model WASA (Güntner 2002) employes this database. It is expanded by a routine for crop development simulation after the de Wit approach (e.g. in Bouman et al. 1996). For its application as decision support system an agentbased land use algorithm is developed which decides on base of site speci cations and certain constraints (like maximum pro t or best local adaptation) about the cropping. The new model is employed to analyze (some) land use strategies. Not anticipated and a priori de ned scenarios will account for the realization of the model but the interactions within the system. This study points out possible approaches to enhance the situation in the catchment. It also approaches central questions of ways towards due integrated hydrological modeling on catchment scale for ungauged conditions and to overcome current paradigms. / Die Entwicklung ländlicher Regionen hinsichtlich von Ernährungssicherheit, Nachhaltigkeit und sozio-ökonomischer Stabilität ist eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben unserer globalisierten Gemeinschaft. In Hinblick auf den Klimawandel sind insbesondere semi-aride Gebiete im Einfluss von Monsun oder El Niño von extremen Wetterereignissen betroffen. Tockenheiten, Überschwemmungen, Erosion, Bodendegradation, Verschlechterung der Wasserqualität und Versteppung sind nur einige, oft beobachtete Folgen. Der Stand der Forschung in Sachen hydrologischer Umweltmodellierung ist insbesondere einem reduktionistischen Paradigma verhaftet (Sivapalan 2005). Obwohl eine enorme Menge verschiedenster Prozessmodelle existiert können auf Grundlage kleinskaliger Prozessapproximationen die komplex interagierenden Prozesse in ihren wirkenden Skalen im Raum-Zeit-Kontinuum nur begrenzt beschreiben werden (z.B. Beven 2002). Während die verwendeten Modelle große Mengen an Parametern und Daten benötigen, können wichtige Informationen über Muster und Organisationsprinzipien nicht in die Simulationen einfließen. Für eine Analyse möglicher Wege und Restriktionen der integrierten hydrologischen Modellierung als Mittel in der Entscheidungsunterstützung wurde das 512 km² große Einzugsgebiet des Mod Flusses in Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, Indien ausgewählt. Es ist gekennzeichnet von charakteristischen Problemen der Neuen Peripherie (z.B. Scholz 2004) (im human-geographischen Kontext) und intensiv anthropogen beeinflusster Agrar-Öko-Systeme der semi-ariden Tropen. Die dünne Datengrundlage des nicht-bepegelten Einzugsgebiets stellt dabei eine besondere Anforderung an die Datenakquise. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein methodischer Ansatz vorgestellt, der Feld- und Fernerkundungstechniken zur Landschaftsanalyse verbindet. Mit dem Fokus auf Plausibilität statt strenger "Datengenauigkeit" wird eine Datenbank zur hydrologischen Modellierung des Gebiets entwickelt. Das Catena-basierte hydrologische Prozessmodell WASA (Güntner 2002) wird um eine Routine zur Simulation der Entwicklung von Nutzpflanzen nach de Wit (z.B. in Bouman et al. 1996) erweitert. Zur Anwendung des Modells als Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem ist ein agentenbasierter Landnutzungsalgorithmus entwickelt worden, welcher auf Grundlage von Standorteigenschaften und politischen Vorgaben wie Profitmaximierung oder Standortanpassung über die Landnutzung entscheidet. Das neue Modellsystem wird zur Untersuchung von einigen Landnutzungstrategien so verwendet, dass nicht antizipierte Szenarien sondern die Wechselwirkung des Systems selbst die Realisation des Modells bestimmen. Die Umsetzung zeigt einerseits mögliche Ansätze zur Verbesserung der Situation im Untersuchungsgebiet auf. Anderseits gibt sie konkrete Vorschläge zu zentralen Fragen hydrologischer Umweltmodellierung und zur Überwindung bestehender Paradigmen.