The functions of the most of the traditional museums were limited within their buildings to provide indoor activities and to present exhibitions of historical or cultural objects which representing mainly the past authorities. Consequently, they obstruct the preservation on sites for the local cultures. In order to overturn the operation of museums, ¡§New Museum Movement¡¨ based on ¡§popularization,¡¨ ¡§anthropology,¡¨ or ¡§ethnology,¡¨ was started. It deconstructs the central authority and highlights communal heritages. A ¡§living¡¨ museum is built under the ideas of community empowerment, cultural parks and ecomuseums. In 2002, the Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior of Taiwan, initiated the ¡§community development plan¡¨ around the country, including Liouduai Hakka Cultural Park, a major construction in Pingtung County. Combining with the ideas of cultural park and ecomuseum, Liouduai Cultural Park will be established as a Hakka community empowerment. This study is baed on the concept of economuseum to exam the possibilities of operating this cultural park by using Delphi and SWOT analysis. This study suggests that the management strategies of Liouduai Cultural Park should include enhancing the power of local resources; developing into a ¡§theme park¡¨ or a ¡§regional park;¡¨ avoiding repetitive Hakka cultural activities; planning Hakka cultural tourism industry on the whole; proposing marketing strategies that feature in Hakka culture; integrating surrounding scenic spots into parts of the park; combining the recently developed MICE industry with the development of Liouduai Cultural Park to create thecultural industry.

Este trabalho é fruto de uma série de processos: de pesquisas, de vontades, de lutas; que surgem da escassez e da vontade de preservar parte de um passado e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população. Assim sendo, ele é um estudo de reflexão da realidade patrimonial e social encontrada no âmbito do Ecomuseu Sítio do Físico e uma construção de uma prática possível a um trabalho de Musealização da Arqueologia, articulando as informações provenientes da Arqueologia, a busca pela conservação e comunicação proporcionada pela Museologia, tendo em vista a comunidade e seu desenvolvimento sustentável e harmonioso com ambiente em que está inserida. / This work is the result of a series of processes: of research, of wills, of struggles; Which arise from the scarcity and the will to preserve part of the past and improve the quality of life of the population. Thus, it is a study of reflection of the patrimonial and social reality found within the scope of the Ecomuseum Sítio do Físico and a construction of a possible practice to a work of Musealization of Archeology, articulating the information coming from Archeology, the search for conservation and communication provided by Museology, with a view to the community and its sustainable and harmonious development with the environment in which it is inserted.

Este trabalho é fruto de uma série de processos: de pesquisas, de vontades, de lutas; que surgem da escassez e da vontade de preservar parte de um passado e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população. Assim sendo, ele é um estudo de reflexão da realidade patrimonial e social encontrada no âmbito do Ecomuseu Sítio do Físico e uma construção de uma prática possível a um trabalho de Musealização da Arqueologia, articulando as informações provenientes da Arqueologia, a busca pela conservação e comunicação proporcionada pela Museologia, tendo em vista a comunidade e seu desenvolvimento sustentável e harmonioso com ambiente em que está inserida. / This work is the result of a series of processes: of research, of wills, of struggles; Which arise from the scarcity and the will to preserve part of the past and improve the quality of life of the population. Thus, it is a study of reflection of the patrimonial and social reality found within the scope of the Ecomuseum Sítio do Físico and a construction of a possible practice to a work of Musealization of Archeology, articulating the information coming from Archeology, the search for conservation and communication provided by Museology, with a view to the community and its sustainable and harmonious development with the environment in which it is inserted.

Abstract Since 1995, the Ministry of Education has been campaigning for the establishment of a teaching resources center of local culture in every county and city across Taiwan, and the center in Penghu, founded by Dongwei Elementary School under a Dec. 1998 command by Penghu county government, started to run on the first day of August in 1999. However, due to the failure of the local authority of educational administration to pose a reasonable and durable mechanism of management, in recent years the operation of the center has almost come to a complete stop. From an eco-philosophical point of view, the center focuses on the realization of the relationships built up amongst people, their local environment, and the nature. Located in a community rich in humanity and culture as well as natural resources, Penghu Teaching Resources Center of Local Culture should bring the school and the community tightly together, leading the teaching of local culture right into the community, the land where everything the center itself is about comes from. On the other hand, as museology evolves into its new form, ecomuseological theories and their successful applications have gradually taken the place of traditional, stereotypical operations of exhibitions. In this study, considering the nature of local culture teaching, the researcher has explored every possibility of bringing Penghu Teaching Resources Center of Local Culture back to prosperity again by introducing the element of ecomuseology. Digging deep into the literature concerning local culture teaching as well as ecomuseology and analyzing pools of data gathered from depth interviews, the researcher has come to the following conclusions: 1. The center should be ecologically combined with its community resources so that local culture teaching can always stay alive and up to date. 2. Following the 21st century museological trend, the center should offer its full services to cover areas of not only displaying but also education and recreation, turning static exhibitions into live experiences. 3. From an ecomuseological point of view, the center can be constructed as a whole exhibition network with a variety of routes extended out from the community. 4. Under the threats of other exhibition places that serve similar purposes, the center should secure its uniqueness by focusing on its specialty in education, turning competition into cooperation and creating a win-win situation. 5. The localism center should have full financial and human resources support from the authorities with its rank and power properly promoted. 6. Participation of local residents should be encouraged with volunteers recruited from the community to work as tour guides and commentators. This way, the center gets to live on with tours going deep from superficial sightseeing into the marrow of the local culture.

abstract: Museums are gaining increasing attention throughout the world for their ability to foster social inclusion, intercultural dialogue, and collaboration in practices of heritage management, exhibition, and interpretation. This dissertation aims to contribute a critical perspective on museums as agents of social change through an exploration of new museological practices in contemporary China. Through an ethnography of the ecomuseum, I unravel the assumptions and expectations of implementing a Western concept based on notions of community participation, empowerment, and the democratization of heritage in the context of a transforming China. In my ethnographic account of the multifaceted politics faced by ecomuseums, I question how power and authority are mediated through these civic institutions and how central aspects of museum and heritage practices are being redressed in Chinese society. This study exposes how ecomuseums in China are a result of global processes and positioned as part of a heritage protection movement and museum development boom to promote cultural nationalism, a "civilized" China, and state edicts of rural development in impoverished ethnic minority regions. Detailing the implications of government-led ecomuseum development in ethnic villages in southwest China, and the specific case of Huaili ecomuseum, in Guangxi, I interrogate the institutionalization of heritage and cultural landscapes through processes of exhibition, museumification, and the revaluing of culture. I explore the ecomuseum as a social space of cross-cultural encounter and friction through which local actors grapple with conditions of cultural governance and the entanglements cultural difference and a national heritage discourse. In my critical analysis of collected ethnographic narratives over 15 months of fieldwork from state-directed interest groups, Chinese technocrats, and villager informants involved in the institutionalization of heritage, I present the complex arrangements and interactions that take place through the ecomuseum context and how subject positionalities shift and claims to heritage, identity, and voice are negotiated, regulated, and contested. This study contributes to the anthropology of China and museum and heritage studies, and aims to push new directions in the study of community heritage and museums, in offering a critical perspective of the political nature of ecomuseums in non-Western contexts, such as China. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2014

A partir da década de 1960, com o surgimento do novo paradigma da democracia sociocultural, diversas críticas direcionaram-se aos museus e à museologia e deram base para o surgimento de um movimento museológico internacional denominado Nova Museologia, oficializado em 1984 no I Atelier Internacional Ecomuseus/Nova Museologia, realizado em Québec (Canadá). A Nova Museologia enfatizou a vocação social dos museus e propôs diversas renovações teóricas e metodológicas ao campo museológico estabelecido. No Brasil, observamos repercussões desse movimento principalmente a partir da década de 1980, com a redemocratização do país. Paralelamente à renovação de museus já consolidados, surgem novas iniciativas, denominadas majoritariamente ecomuseus e museus comunitários, que objetivam, através de uma curadoria coletiva e da promoção de práticas ativas, populares, participativas, comunitárias e experimentais, a valorização, preservação e difusão dos patrimônios locais (Natural, Cultural, Material e Imaterial), garantir que o museu atue como espaço de representação e promova, a partir da contextualização do patrimônio, a compreensão, o questionamento, a conscientização e a transformação da realidade. O atual projeto de pesquisa teve como objetivos: revisar termos e conceitos ligados à Nova Museologia e a essa nova tipologia de museus em bibliografia pertinente ao tema, relacionando e confrontando autores diversos; realizar um mapeamento dos museus comunitários, ecomuseus e demais iniciativas de memória e patrimônio de base comunitária que se compreendem enquanto museus no contexto brasileiro; elaborar um panorama-síntese para uma melhor compreensão da diversidade dessa tipologia de museus. / Since the 1960\'s, with the emergence of the new paradigm of socio-cultural democracy, several criticisms were directed at Museums and Museology and this process triggered the emergence of an international museological movement called New Museology, made official in 1984 at the I Atelier International Ecomuseums / New Museology, held in Quebec (Canada). The New Museology emphasized the social vocation of museums and proposed several theoretical and methodological renewals to the established museological field. It is possible to observe repercussions of this movement in Brazil mainly from the decade of 1980, with the redemocratization of the country. Parallel to the renovation of already consolidated museums, new museological experiences are emerging, mainly called museums community and ecomuseums, which aim, through collective curation and the promotion of active, popular, participatory, community and experimental practices, the valorization, preservation and diffusion of local Heritage (Natural, Cultural, Material and Immaterial), to ensure that the museum acts as a space for representation and to promote, from the contextualisation of heritage, understanding, questioning, awareness and transformation of reality. The current research project aimed: revise terms and concepts related to New Museology and this new typology of museums in relevant bibliography, relating and confronting diverse authors; to carry out a cartography of community museums, ecomuseums and initiatives of memory and community-based heritage that is understood as a museum in the Brazilian context; elaborate a panorama synthesis for a better understanding of the diversity of this typology of museums.

Cette dissertation se concentre sur l'étude des répresentations au sujet de patrimoine, musée, ecomusée et musée communautaire selon des reportages publiés dans les journaux NOPH (Centre d´Orientation et Récherche Historique) et O Quarteirão. Le journal NOPH a été créé en 1983 avec le but de divulguer les actions du Centre d´Orientation et Récherche Historique de Santa Cruz sur les recherches et la divulgation de l´histoire de la municipalité de Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brésil. En 1992, dans la I Rencontre Internationale des Ecomusées qui a eu lieu pendant la Eco92, les actions du NOPH ont été identifiées et reconnues par ses agents comme des actions d´écomuséologie et muséologie communautaire ce qui a résulté dans la création du Ecomuseu du Quarteirão Cultural do Matadouro de Santa Cruz avec le soutien de la Mairie de Rio de Janeiro. En 1993, le journal NOPH a été changé dans la rubrique O Quarteirão et il a passé à divulguer les actions du Centre et du Ecomusée a la fois. La reconnaissance du Centre comme action muséologique communautaire et la création du Ecomusée ont assumé un changement de paradigmes dans les concepts adoptés précédemment. Donc, avec l´objectif d´identifier les ruptures et les permanences dans les répresentations sur patrimoine, musée, ecomusée et musée communautaire, cette étude s´occupe de l´analyse de 31 exemplaires du journal NOPH, publiés entre 1984 et 1990, et de 40 exemplaires du jornal O Quarteirão, publiés entre 1993 et 2000. Il s´agit d´une étude de cas constituée par l´analyse des narrations qui révélent les répresentations présentes dans le corpus documentaire imprimé inséré dans la domaine de l´histoire de la presse étant dirigé surtout a la presse alternative en considérant le contexte dans lequel il a été constitué. Nous concluons que le Centre d'orientation et de recherche historique de Santa Cruz a deux moments distincts de l'action et marqué par contact avec la pensée muséologique internationale de l'année 1992, ce contact stimule un changement de paradigme sur les représentations du patrimoine et musée appropriation par les membres de NOPH. Dans cette recherche, on propose la réflexion à partir du champ de l´Histoire de l´Éducation basé dans les présuppositions théoriques d´auteurs de l´Histoire Culturelle, de l´histoire des musées et du mouvement muséologique, du champ du patrimoine, au-delà des études sur musées, ecomusées et musées communautaires. / Nesta dissertação tem-se como foco de estudo as representações sobre patrimônio, museu, ecomuseu e museu comunitário noticiadas nos periódicos NOPH (Núcleo de Orientação e Pesquisa Histórica) e O Quarteirão. O periódico NOPH foi criado em 1983, com a intenção de divulgar as ações do Núcleo de Orientação e Pesquisa Histórica de Santa Cruz sobre as pesquisas e divulgação da história do bairro de Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. No ano de 1992, no I Encontro Internacional de Ecomuseus, realizado durante a Eco92, as ações do NOPH foram identificadas e reconhecidas por seus agentes como ações de ecomuseologia e museologia comunitária, o que acarretou a criação do Ecomuseu do Quarteirão Cultural do Matadouro de Santa Cruz, com apoio da Prefeitura Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. No ano de 1993, o jornal do NOPH foi transformado em O Quarteirão e passou a divulgar as ações do Núcleo e do Ecomuseu concomitantemente. O reconhecimento do Núcleo enquanto ação museológica comunitária e a criação do Ecomuseu supuseram uma mudança de paradigmas nos conceitos adotados anteriormente. Portanto, com o intuito de identificar rupturas e permanências nas representações sobre patrimônio, museu, ecomuseu e museu comunitário este estudo detém-se na análise de 31 exemplares do jornal NOPH, publicados entre os anos de 1984 e 1990, e 40 exemplares do jornal O Quarteirão, publicados no período de 1993 a 2000. Trata-se de um estudo de caso constituído pela análise das narrativas que revelam as representações presentes no corpus documental impresso inserido no âmbito da história da imprensa direcionando-se especialmente para a imprensa alternativa, considerando-se o contexto em que foi constituído. Conclui-se que, o Núcleo de Orientação e Pesquisa Histórica de Santa Cruz possui dois momentos de atuação distintos e marcados pelo contato com o pensamento museológico internacional a partir do ano de 1992, tal contato estimula uma mudança de paradigmas sobre as representações de patrimônio e museu apropriadas pelos integrantes do NOPH. Nesta pesquisa propõe-se a reflexão a partir do campo da História da Educação, com embasamento nos pressupostos teóricos de autores da História Cultural, da história dos museus e do movimento museológico, do campo do patrimônio, além de estudos sobre museus, ecomuseus e museus comunitários. / This dissertation has its study focus on representations about heritage, museum, ecomuseum and community museum published in the periodicals NOPH (Nucleus of Guidelines for History Research) and O Quarteirão. The NOPH periodical was created in 1983 with the purpose of publishing the research actions by the Nucleus of Guidelines for History Research from Santa Cruz and to divulge the history of the municipality of Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In 1992, upon the 1st International Meeting of Ecomuseums carried out during the Eco92, NOPH actions were identified and recognized by their agents as actions of ecomuseology and community museology that led to the creation of the Ecomuseum of the Quarteirão Cultural do Matadouro de Santa Cruz with the support of the City Hall of Rio de Janeiro. In 1993, the NOPH journal was changed into O Quarteirão and started publishing the actions of the Nucleus and of the Ecomuseum as well. The recognition of the Nucleus as a community museum action and the creation of the Ecomuseum assumed a change of paradigms in the concepts adopted previously. Therefore, in order to identify ruptures and permanencies in the representations about heritage, museum, ecomuseum and community museum, this study concentrates in the analysis of 31 editions of the NOPH journal published between 1984 and 1990 and of 40 editions of O Quarteirão journal, published from 1993 to year 2000. It is about a case study that comprises the analysis of accounts that reveal the representations present in the printed documental corpus which is inserted in the realm of the press history, especially addressed to the alternative press by considering the context where it was composed. We conclude that the Guidance Center and Historical Research of Santa Cruz has two distinct moments of action and marked by contact with the international museological thinking from the year 1992, this contact stimulates a paradigm shift on the representations of heritage and museum appropriated by members of NOPH.This research proposes a reflection starting from the field of Education History based in the theoretical presuppositions from authors of Cultural History, history of museums, museum movement and of the heritage field besides of studies about museums, ecomuseums and community museums.

Cette dissertation se concentre sur l'étude des répresentations au sujet de patrimoine, musée, ecomusée et musée communautaire selon des reportages publiés dans les journaux NOPH (Centre d´Orientation et Récherche Historique) et O Quarteirão. Le journal NOPH a été créé en 1983 avec le but de divulguer les actions du Centre d´Orientation et Récherche Historique de Santa Cruz sur les recherches et la divulgation de l´histoire de la municipalité de Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brésil. En 1992, dans la I Rencontre Internationale des Ecomusées qui a eu lieu pendant la Eco92, les actions du NOPH ont été identifiées et reconnues par ses agents comme des actions d´écomuséologie et muséologie communautaire ce qui a résulté dans la création du Ecomuseu du Quarteirão Cultural do Matadouro de Santa Cruz avec le soutien de la Mairie de Rio de Janeiro. En 1993, le journal NOPH a été changé dans la rubrique O Quarteirão et il a passé à divulguer les actions du Centre et du Ecomusée a la fois. La reconnaissance du Centre comme action muséologique communautaire et la création du Ecomusée ont assumé un changement de paradigmes dans les concepts adoptés précédemment. Donc, avec l´objectif d´identifier les ruptures et les permanences dans les répresentations sur patrimoine, musée, ecomusée et musée communautaire, cette étude s´occupe de l´analyse de 31 exemplaires du journal NOPH, publiés entre 1984 et 1990, et de 40 exemplaires du jornal O Quarteirão, publiés entre 1993 et 2000. Il s´agit d´une étude de cas constituée par l´analyse des narrations qui révélent les répresentations présentes dans le corpus documentaire imprimé inséré dans la domaine de l´histoire de la presse étant dirigé surtout a la presse alternative en considérant le contexte dans lequel il a été constitué. Nous concluons que le Centre d'orientation et de recherche historique de Santa Cruz a deux moments distincts de l'action et marqué par contact avec la pensée muséologique internationale de l'année 1992, ce contact stimule un changement de paradigme sur les représentations du patrimoine et musée appropriation par les membres de NOPH. Dans cette recherche, on propose la réflexion à partir du champ de l´Histoire de l´Éducation basé dans les présuppositions théoriques d´auteurs de l´Histoire Culturelle, de l´histoire des musées et du mouvement muséologique, du champ du patrimoine, au-delà des études sur musées, ecomusées et musées communautaires. / Nesta dissertação tem-se como foco de estudo as representações sobre patrimônio, museu, ecomuseu e museu comunitário noticiadas nos periódicos NOPH (Núcleo de Orientação e Pesquisa Histórica) e O Quarteirão. O periódico NOPH foi criado em 1983, com a intenção de divulgar as ações do Núcleo de Orientação e Pesquisa Histórica de Santa Cruz sobre as pesquisas e divulgação da história do bairro de Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. No ano de 1992, no I Encontro Internacional de Ecomuseus, realizado durante a Eco92, as ações do NOPH foram identificadas e reconhecidas por seus agentes como ações de ecomuseologia e museologia comunitária, o que acarretou a criação do Ecomuseu do Quarteirão Cultural do Matadouro de Santa Cruz, com apoio da Prefeitura Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. No ano de 1993, o jornal do NOPH foi transformado em O Quarteirão e passou a divulgar as ações do Núcleo e do Ecomuseu concomitantemente. O reconhecimento do Núcleo enquanto ação museológica comunitária e a criação do Ecomuseu supuseram uma mudança de paradigmas nos conceitos adotados anteriormente. Portanto, com o intuito de identificar rupturas e permanências nas representações sobre patrimônio, museu, ecomuseu e museu comunitário este estudo detém-se na análise de 31 exemplares do jornal NOPH, publicados entre os anos de 1984 e 1990, e 40 exemplares do jornal O Quarteirão, publicados no período de 1993 a 2000. Trata-se de um estudo de caso constituído pela análise das narrativas que revelam as representações presentes no corpus documental impresso inserido no âmbito da história da imprensa direcionando-se especialmente para a imprensa alternativa, considerando-se o contexto em que foi constituído. Conclui-se que, o Núcleo de Orientação e Pesquisa Histórica de Santa Cruz possui dois momentos de atuação distintos e marcados pelo contato com o pensamento museológico internacional a partir do ano de 1992, tal contato estimula uma mudança de paradigmas sobre as representações de patrimônio e museu apropriadas pelos integrantes do NOPH. Nesta pesquisa propõe-se a reflexão a partir do campo da História da Educação, com embasamento nos pressupostos teóricos de autores da História Cultural, da história dos museus e do movimento museológico, do campo do patrimônio, além de estudos sobre museus, ecomuseus e museus comunitários. / This dissertation has its study focus on representations about heritage, museum, ecomuseum and community museum published in the periodicals NOPH (Nucleus of Guidelines for History Research) and O Quarteirão. The NOPH periodical was created in 1983 with the purpose of publishing the research actions by the Nucleus of Guidelines for History Research from Santa Cruz and to divulge the history of the municipality of Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In 1992, upon the 1st International Meeting of Ecomuseums carried out during the Eco92, NOPH actions were identified and recognized by their agents as actions of ecomuseology and community museology that led to the creation of the Ecomuseum of the Quarteirão Cultural do Matadouro de Santa Cruz with the support of the City Hall of Rio de Janeiro. In 1993, the NOPH journal was changed into O Quarteirão and started publishing the actions of the Nucleus and of the Ecomuseum as well. The recognition of the Nucleus as a community museum action and the creation of the Ecomuseum assumed a change of paradigms in the concepts adopted previously. Therefore, in order to identify ruptures and permanencies in the representations about heritage, museum, ecomuseum and community museum, this study concentrates in the analysis of 31 editions of the NOPH journal published between 1984 and 1990 and of 40 editions of O Quarteirão journal, published from 1993 to year 2000. It is about a case study that comprises the analysis of accounts that reveal the representations present in the printed documental corpus which is inserted in the realm of the press history, especially addressed to the alternative press by considering the context where it was composed. We conclude that the Guidance Center and Historical Research of Santa Cruz has two distinct moments of action and marked by contact with the international museological thinking from the year 1992, this contact stimulates a paradigm shift on the representations of heritage and museum appropriated by members of NOPH.This research proposes a reflection starting from the field of Education History based in the theoretical presuppositions from authors of Cultural History, history of museums, museum movement and of the heritage field besides of studies about museums, ecomuseums and community museums.

Cette dissertation se concentre sur l'étude des répresentations au sujet de patrimoine, musée, ecomusée et musée communautaire selon des reportages publiés dans les journaux NOPH (Centre d´Orientation et Récherche Historique) et O Quarteirão. Le journal NOPH a été créé en 1983 avec le but de divulguer les actions du Centre d´Orientation et Récherche Historique de Santa Cruz sur les recherches et la divulgation de l´histoire de la municipalité de Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brésil. En 1992, dans la I Rencontre Internationale des Ecomusées qui a eu lieu pendant la Eco92, les actions du NOPH ont été identifiées et reconnues par ses agents comme des actions d´écomuséologie et muséologie communautaire ce qui a résulté dans la création du Ecomuseu du Quarteirão Cultural do Matadouro de Santa Cruz avec le soutien de la Mairie de Rio de Janeiro. En 1993, le journal NOPH a été changé dans la rubrique O Quarteirão et il a passé à divulguer les actions du Centre et du Ecomusée a la fois. La reconnaissance du Centre comme action muséologique communautaire et la création du Ecomusée ont assumé un changement de paradigmes dans les concepts adoptés précédemment. Donc, avec l´objectif d´identifier les ruptures et les permanences dans les répresentations sur patrimoine, musée, ecomusée et musée communautaire, cette étude s´occupe de l´analyse de 31 exemplaires du journal NOPH, publiés entre 1984 et 1990, et de 40 exemplaires du jornal O Quarteirão, publiés entre 1993 et 2000. Il s´agit d´une étude de cas constituée par l´analyse des narrations qui révélent les répresentations présentes dans le corpus documentaire imprimé inséré dans la domaine de l´histoire de la presse étant dirigé surtout a la presse alternative en considérant le contexte dans lequel il a été constitué. Nous concluons que le Centre d'orientation et de recherche historique de Santa Cruz a deux moments distincts de l'action et marqué par contact avec la pensée muséologique internationale de l'année 1992, ce contact stimule un changement de paradigme sur les représentations du patrimoine et musée appropriation par les membres de NOPH. Dans cette recherche, on propose la réflexion à partir du champ de l´Histoire de l´Éducation basé dans les présuppositions théoriques d´auteurs de l´Histoire Culturelle, de l´histoire des musées et du mouvement muséologique, du champ du patrimoine, au-delà des études sur musées, ecomusées et musées communautaires. / Nesta dissertação tem-se como foco de estudo as representações sobre patrimônio, museu, ecomuseu e museu comunitário noticiadas nos periódicos NOPH (Núcleo de Orientação e Pesquisa Histórica) e O Quarteirão. O periódico NOPH foi criado em 1983, com a intenção de divulgar as ações do Núcleo de Orientação e Pesquisa Histórica de Santa Cruz sobre as pesquisas e divulgação da história do bairro de Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. No ano de 1992, no I Encontro Internacional de Ecomuseus, realizado durante a Eco92, as ações do NOPH foram identificadas e reconhecidas por seus agentes como ações de ecomuseologia e museologia comunitária, o que acarretou a criação do Ecomuseu do Quarteirão Cultural do Matadouro de Santa Cruz, com apoio da Prefeitura Municipal do Rio de Janeiro. No ano de 1993, o jornal do NOPH foi transformado em O Quarteirão e passou a divulgar as ações do Núcleo e do Ecomuseu concomitantemente. O reconhecimento do Núcleo enquanto ação museológica comunitária e a criação do Ecomuseu supuseram uma mudança de paradigmas nos conceitos adotados anteriormente. Portanto, com o intuito de identificar rupturas e permanências nas representações sobre patrimônio, museu, ecomuseu e museu comunitário este estudo detém-se na análise de 31 exemplares do jornal NOPH, publicados entre os anos de 1984 e 1990, e 40 exemplares do jornal O Quarteirão, publicados no período de 1993 a 2000. Trata-se de um estudo de caso constituído pela análise das narrativas que revelam as representações presentes no corpus documental impresso inserido no âmbito da história da imprensa direcionando-se especialmente para a imprensa alternativa, considerando-se o contexto em que foi constituído. Conclui-se que, o Núcleo de Orientação e Pesquisa Histórica de Santa Cruz possui dois momentos de atuação distintos e marcados pelo contato com o pensamento museológico internacional a partir do ano de 1992, tal contato estimula uma mudança de paradigmas sobre as representações de patrimônio e museu apropriadas pelos integrantes do NOPH. Nesta pesquisa propõe-se a reflexão a partir do campo da História da Educação, com embasamento nos pressupostos teóricos de autores da História Cultural, da história dos museus e do movimento museológico, do campo do patrimônio, além de estudos sobre museus, ecomuseus e museus comunitários. / This dissertation has its study focus on representations about heritage, museum, ecomuseum and community museum published in the periodicals NOPH (Nucleus of Guidelines for History Research) and O Quarteirão. The NOPH periodical was created in 1983 with the purpose of publishing the research actions by the Nucleus of Guidelines for History Research from Santa Cruz and to divulge the history of the municipality of Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In 1992, upon the 1st International Meeting of Ecomuseums carried out during the Eco92, NOPH actions were identified and recognized by their agents as actions of ecomuseology and community museology that led to the creation of the Ecomuseum of the Quarteirão Cultural do Matadouro de Santa Cruz with the support of the City Hall of Rio de Janeiro. In 1993, the NOPH journal was changed into O Quarteirão and started publishing the actions of the Nucleus and of the Ecomuseum as well. The recognition of the Nucleus as a community museum action and the creation of the Ecomuseum assumed a change of paradigms in the concepts adopted previously. Therefore, in order to identify ruptures and permanencies in the representations about heritage, museum, ecomuseum and community museum, this study concentrates in the analysis of 31 editions of the NOPH journal published between 1984 and 1990 and of 40 editions of O Quarteirão journal, published from 1993 to year 2000. It is about a case study that comprises the analysis of accounts that reveal the representations present in the printed documental corpus which is inserted in the realm of the press history, especially addressed to the alternative press by considering the context where it was composed. We conclude that the Guidance Center and Historical Research of Santa Cruz has two distinct moments of action and marked by contact with the international museological thinking from the year 1992, this contact stimulates a paradigm shift on the representations of heritage and museum appropriated by members of NOPH.This research proposes a reflection starting from the field of Education History based in the theoretical presuppositions from authors of Cultural History, history of museums, museum movement and of the heritage field besides of studies about museums, ecomuseums and community museums.

A partir da década de 1960, com o surgimento do novo paradigma da democracia sociocultural, diversas críticas direcionaram-se aos museus e à museologia e deram base para o surgimento de um movimento museológico internacional denominado Nova Museologia, oficializado em 1984 no I Atelier Internacional Ecomuseus/Nova Museologia, realizado em Québec (Canadá). A Nova Museologia enfatizou a vocação social dos museus e propôs diversas renovações teóricas e metodológicas ao campo museológico estabelecido. No Brasil, observamos repercussões desse movimento principalmente a partir da década de 1980, com a redemocratização do país. Paralelamente à renovação de museus já consolidados, surgem novas iniciativas, denominadas majoritariamente ecomuseus e museus comunitários, que objetivam, através de uma curadoria coletiva e da promoção de práticas ativas, populares, participativas, comunitárias e experimentais, a valorização, preservação e difusão dos patrimônios locais (Natural, Cultural, Material e Imaterial), garantir que o museu atue como espaço de representação e promova, a partir da contextualização do patrimônio, a compreensão, o questionamento, a conscientização e a transformação da realidade. O atual projeto de pesquisa teve como objetivos: revisar termos e conceitos ligados à Nova Museologia e a essa nova tipologia de museus em bibliografia pertinente ao tema, relacionando e confrontando autores diversos; realizar um mapeamento dos museus comunitários, ecomuseus e demais iniciativas de memória e patrimônio de base comunitária que se compreendem enquanto museus no contexto brasileiro; elaborar um panorama-síntese para uma melhor compreensão da diversidade dessa tipologia de museus. / Since the 1960\'s, with the emergence of the new paradigm of socio-cultural democracy, several criticisms were directed at Museums and Museology and this process triggered the emergence of an international museological movement called New Museology, made official in 1984 at the I Atelier International Ecomuseums / New Museology, held in Quebec (Canada). The New Museology emphasized the social vocation of museums and proposed several theoretical and methodological renewals to the established museological field. It is possible to observe repercussions of this movement in Brazil mainly from the decade of 1980, with the redemocratization of the country. Parallel to the renovation of already consolidated museums, new museological experiences are emerging, mainly called museums community and ecomuseums, which aim, through collective curation and the promotion of active, popular, participatory, community and experimental practices, the valorization, preservation and diffusion of local Heritage (Natural, Cultural, Material and Immaterial), to ensure that the museum acts as a space for representation and to promote, from the contextualisation of heritage, understanding, questioning, awareness and transformation of reality. The current research project aimed: revise terms and concepts related to New Museology and this new typology of museums in relevant bibliography, relating and confronting diverse authors; to carry out a cartography of community museums, ecomuseums and initiatives of memory and community-based heritage that is understood as a museum in the Brazilian context; elaborate a panorama synthesis for a better understanding of the diversity of this typology of museums.