Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama Lietuvos ir Latvijos ekonominė konvergencija, siekiant tapti visateisėmis Europos Pinigų Sąjungos narėmis 2004-2010 m. laikotarpiu. Teorinėje darbo dalyje apibrėžta ekonominės konvergencijos koncepcija ekonominių teorijų ir Mastrichto sutarties kontekste; apibūdinta Euro zonos sąvoka bei pagrindiniai, narystei šioje sąjungoje būtini, ekonominės konvergencijos kriterijai. Praktinėje dalyje, atliekant Lietuvos ir Latvijos ekonominės konvergencijos analizę kiekybiniais ir kokybiniais tyrimo metodais, išanalizuotas ekonominis suartėjimas su Europos Sąjungos šalimis, remiantis BVP parametrais; atlikta makroekonominių rodiklių atitikimo konvergencijos kriterijams 2004-2010 m. analizė, atskleidžiant jų netolygumams turėjusius pagrindinius veiksnius ir ateities perspektyvas. Atliktos analizės rezultatai pagrindžia Lietuvos ir Latvijos ekonomines galimybes 2014 m. įsivesti eurą. Kiek palankesni šansai vertinami Lietuvos atveju, nors kita vertus, abi kaimyninės šalys, spėjama susidurs su valstybės finansų stabilizavimo ir infliacijos pažabojimo būtinybe. Ekonominė konvergencija vyksta ir yra tvari, tik jos mastus pakoregavo, labiausiai Lietuvą ir Latviją paveikusi ekonominė krizė. / In bachelor’s thesis is examining the Lithuanian and Latvian economic convergence in order to become full members of the European Monetary Union, 2004-2010 period. In the theoretical part the conception of economic convergence was defined in context of economic theory and the Maastricht Treaty; specified the euro area term and the basics economic convergence criteria, necessary for membership in the union. In the practical part analysing Lithuanian and Latvian economic convergence of both quantitative and qualitative research methods; analyzed the economic convergence with the European Union countries, on the basis GDP parameters; carried out the analysis of macroeconomic indicators compliance with the convergence criteria 2004-2010 period, revealing the inequalities which had the key factors and future prospects. The carried out analysis findings support Lithuanian and Latvian economic opportunities in 2014 to adopt the euro. How much more favorably rated the chances of Lithuania's case, although in the other hand, both neighboring countries will estimate to face with the stabilization of public finances and inflation targeting need. Economic convergence is taking place and is sustainable, but economic crisis, the most affected Lithuania and Latvia, have adjusted the scale.

In the early literature, the empirical evidence showed that the rate of economic convergence is close to 2%. This paper reexamined the convergence pattern of U.S. counties from 1959-2015 and explored the potential impact of the net migration rate and population density on the rate of convergence. By investigating both the ordinary least square and quantile regression estimates, this paper found out the convergence pattern for the latter economic development period differed from that in the early period. This change is mainly featured by a close to zero convergence rate after 1979. Furthermore, for counties starting off at a relatively low GDP per capita level, no significant economic convergence was observed during the period 1979-2005. Net migration rate didn’t show to have a significant impact on the rate of convergence. Population density has a double effect on the economic growth and can partly account for the change in the rate of convergence in the latter economic development period.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diana Mari Siqueira e Silva.pdf: 888046 bytes, checksum: a74b6a9f6368b19908c9b20b22e642f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-15 / In this dissertation, I want to understand in light of the sociological perspective, by authors such as Marcuse, Kurz, Beck and Giddens, movement that have emerged in recent years in Brazil in favor of corporate social responsibility. Comparing the perspectives of these authors about risks and dangers of an economic expansion desmensurada and, conversely, the feasibility of the proposed social intervention in order to mitigate them, such as social responsibility regulated by ISO 26000. So, I want to see how these proposals are being implemented, which in vogue speeches and actions arising therefrom. In this sense, are highlighted the notion of sub-politics developed by Beck and economic convergence, Giddens, which help to clarify how social groups and consumers involved in the market and drive the actions of corporate responsibility. Thus, these require a more responsible and proactive, especially about the negative externalities that their actions may bring. The Standard IS0 26000, which is based on extensive international discussion and the contributions of various social groups, was the parameter to conceptualize social responsibility and to establish guidelines to be followed by companies. The projects submitted for the award, the award for Social Responsibility in Retail, Ozires Silva Award for Entrepreneurship and Eco Award, analyzed from this perspective, verifying their adequacy to international discussions divulged / Nesta dissertação de mestrado, pretendo compreender, à luz da perspectiva sociológica, por intermédio de autores como Marcuse, Kurz, Beck e Giddens, o movimento que vêm surgindo, nos últimos anos, no Brasil, em prol da responsabilidade social corporativa. Confrontando as perspectivas desses autores sobre riscos e perigos de uma expansão econômica desmensurada e, em contrapartida, a viabilidade da proposta de intervenção social com o intuito de mitigá-los, como, por exemplo, a responsabilidade social regulamentada pela norma ISO 26000. Assim, pretendo verificar como estão sendo implantadas essas propostas: quais discursos em voga e as ações daí decorrentes. Nesse sentido, são destacados a noção de subpolítica elaborado por Beck e de convergência econômica, de Giddens, que permitiram elucidar como os grupos sociais e os consumidores intervêm no mercado e impulsionam as ações de responsabilidade das empresas. Desse modo, exigem delas uma postura mais responsável e proativa, principalmente, quanto às externalidades negativas que a sua atuação possa trazer. A Norma IS0 26000, elaborada com base em ampla discussão internacional e com a contribuição de vários grupos sociais, constituiu o parâmetro para conceituar a responsabilidade social e estabelecer as diretrizes a serem seguidas pelas empresas. Os projetos encaminhados para a premiação, nos prêmios de Responsabilidade Social no Varejo, Prêmio Ozires Silva de Empreendedorismo e Prêmio Eco, analisados a partir dessa perspectiva, verificando a sua adequação às discussões internacionais propaladas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diana Mari Siqueira e Silva.pdf: 888046 bytes, checksum: a74b6a9f6368b19908c9b20b22e642f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-15 / In this dissertation, I want to understand in light of the sociological perspective, by authors such as Marcuse, Kurz, Beck and Giddens, movement that have emerged in recent years in Brazil in favor of corporate social responsibility. Comparing the perspectives of these authors about risks and dangers of an economic expansion desmensurada and, conversely, the feasibility of the proposed social intervention in order to mitigate them, such as social responsibility regulated by ISO 26000. So, I want to see how these proposals are being implemented, which in vogue speeches and actions arising therefrom. In this sense, are highlighted the notion of sub-politics developed by Beck and economic convergence, Giddens, which help to clarify how social groups and consumers involved in the market and drive the actions of corporate responsibility. Thus, these require a more responsible and proactive, especially about the negative externalities that their actions may bring. The Standard IS0 26000, which is based on extensive international discussion and the contributions of various social groups, was the parameter to conceptualize social responsibility and to establish guidelines to be followed by companies. The projects submitted for the award, the award for Social Responsibility in Retail, Ozires Silva Award for Entrepreneurship and Eco Award, analyzed from this perspective, verifying their adequacy to international discussions divulged / Nesta dissertação de mestrado, pretendo compreender, à luz da perspectiva sociológica, por intermédio de autores como Marcuse, Kurz, Beck e Giddens, o movimento que vêm surgindo, nos últimos anos, no Brasil, em prol da responsabilidade social corporativa. Confrontando as perspectivas desses autores sobre riscos e perigos de uma expansão econômica desmensurada e, em contrapartida, a viabilidade da proposta de intervenção social com o intuito de mitigá-los, como, por exemplo, a responsabilidade social regulamentada pela norma ISO 26000. Assim, pretendo verificar como estão sendo implantadas essas propostas: quais discursos em voga e as ações daí decorrentes. Nesse sentido, são destacados a noção de subpolítica elaborado por Beck e de convergência econômica, de Giddens, que permitiram elucidar como os grupos sociais e os consumidores intervêm no mercado e impulsionam as ações de responsabilidade das empresas. Desse modo, exigem delas uma postura mais responsável e proativa, principalmente, quanto às externalidades negativas que a sua atuação possa trazer. A Norma IS0 26000, elaborada com base em ampla discussão internacional e com a contribuição de vários grupos sociais, constituiu o parâmetro para conceituar a responsabilidade social e estabelecer as diretrizes a serem seguidas pelas empresas. Os projetos encaminhados para a premiação, nos prêmios de Responsabilidade Social no Varejo, Prêmio Ozires Silva de Empreendedorismo e Prêmio Eco, analisados a partir dessa perspectiva, verificando a sua adequação às discussões internacionais propaladas

The main objectives of the study was to determine the exclusivity of the objectives of the regional groupings within the SADC region and to assess the impact that membership overlaps has on the realization of specific regional grouping objectives.A qualitative research approach was adopted. Semi-structured in-depth expert interviews were used to determine the issues arising from regional membership overlaps in the SADC region.Due to limited literature around the subject of regional integration in the SADC region, work done by my supervisor Dr Jannie Rossouw were cited in some instances.Recent developments in the Western economies that have resulted in the refocusing of the SADC region have resulted in polarization amongst the regional groupings in Africa. Furthermore, existing regional groupings within the Southern Africa, have endenvoured on an ambitious regional integration agenda which has resulted in membership overlaps within the existing regional bodies. The study found that these regional overlaps are costing the affected member states in the form of monetary subscription and through the deployment of the rare human skilled resources to regional secretariats. The advent of the European Partnership Agreements has caused polarization within the SADC region through the signing of various bi-lateral and multi-lateral agreements. Most importantly, this study found that structural overlaps exist within SADC itself. A lack of sufficient political will amongst SADC member states was also noted as an impediment to regional integration.However, the study also noted some positive performances of existing regional grouping despite membership overlaps. The Common Monetary Area was highlighted as a grouping that was performing in line with prescribed regional integration convergence indicators. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / Unrestricted

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.

The main aim of this dissertation is to provide evidence on the development of bilateral trade relations related to manufacturing industry between Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia and the old Member States of the EU (EU 15/EU 25) through focus on the intra-industry trade phenomenon during the period delimited by years 1995, 1999, 2004 and 2007. Based on data from Eurostat Easy Comext database classified according to the Standard International Trade Classification (Rev.3), Grubel-Lloyd indices are computed at the level of 3-digit and 1-digit manufacturing industries (SITC 5, 6, 7, 8) and thereafter aggregate to the level of manufacturing sector as a whole (SITC 5 - 8). Consequently, Greenaway, Hine and Milner methodology is used for disentangling intra-industry trade into its horizontal and vertical components (the latter being further separated into low quality vertical intra-industry trade and high quality vertical intra-industry trade) on the basis of unit value indices. The results show that the share of intra-industry trade in total trade between the countries in focus is increasing during the complete period in all countries and all sectors with SITC 6, 7 and 8 clearly inclining to intra-industry specialization. Altogether, the predominant specialization in high quality vertical IIT is presented, implying so far only slowly advancing convergence steps of the new Member States towards the path of the initial Members of the EU.

No description available.

The study deals with Czech-German economic relations during 1991 - 2016, viewed from the perspective of the theory of asymmetrical dyads. The Czech-German relationship can be perceived as asymmetrical on the basis of inequality between the political-economic possibilities of Czech Republic (CR) - the weaker and Germany - the stronger. Despite this, there are many common aspects such as foreign policy orientation and the nature of the economy. CR and Germany are in many respects compatible with each other and economically complementary. They have similar culture, are geographically close and there are many transactions between them. At the same time, they are connected by a common past and by overcoming conflicts issues. Despite many qualities of Czech-German relationship, the Czech side has traditionally addressed securing its security, freedom and prosperity. After the fall of the "Iron Curtain", Germany engaged in the political-economic transformation of Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic, which turned into a democratic system with market- oriented economy. The development of Czech-German economic relations for the CR meant chance for economic growth, access to technology and, within the framework of business cooperation, to global markets, in addition to the identical institutional context of NATO...

A mitjans de la dècada dels noranta Amèrica Llatina va experimentar un fort impuls dels acords d'integració realitzats entre països de la regió i respecte a tercers. Com a resultat d'aquest procés, es varen enfortir acords ja existents, com el Mercat Comú Centreamericà (MCCA) o la Comunitat Andina, i es varen signar nous acords d'integració com el Mercat Comú del Sud (MERCOSUR). L'objectiu d'aquesta investigació se centra en analitzar els tres processos d'integració existents a Amèrica Llatina. En aquest sentit, s'utilitzen alguns criteris i variables descrites en la literatura d'Àrees Monetàries Òptimes, a fi d'avaluar, per a cada àmbit, el grau de preparació de cadascun dels blocs regionals llatinoamericans per aprofundir en el seu procés d'integració regional. D'altra banda, a partir de la Teoria d'Árees Monetàries Òptimes s'elabora un índex agregat amb l'objectiu de conèixer quin dels tres blocs regionals està més preparat per avançar cap una major integració regional. Els resultats suggereixen que en el moment present, dels tres processos d'integració regional analitzats, el Mercat Comú Centreamericà mostra unes condicions més favorables per aprofundir cap a estadis més avançats d'integració regional. També, des de la seva situació actual propera a una unió duanera, el MCCA ha registrat millores significatives en els últims anys en els indicadors d'integració regional analitzats. Tot i així, malgrat aquest progrés observat, el grau d'acompliment dels requisits associats a una àrea monetària òptima, recomanables per aprofundir cap a estadis d'integració regional més avançats com una unió monetària, es pot considerar, en el moment present com dèbil, tant per al MCCA com per la resta de processos analitzats. / A mediados de la década de los noventa América Latina experimentó un fuerte impulso de los acuerdos de integración realizados entre países de la región y respecto a terceros. Como resultado de este proceso, se fortalecieron acuerdos ya existentes, como el Mercado Común Centroamericano (MCCA) o la Comunidad Andina, y se firmaron nuevos acuerdos de integración como el Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR). El objetivo de esta investigación se centra en analizar los tres procesos de integración existentes en América Latina. En este sentido, se utilizan algunos criterios y variables descritas en la literatura sobre Áreas Monetarias Óptimas, con el fin de evaluar, para cada ámbito, el grado de preparación de cada uno de los bloques regionales latinoamericanos para profundizar en su proceso de integración regional. Asimismo, a partir de la Teoría de Áreas Monetarias Óptimas se elabora un índice agregado con el objetivo de conocer cuál de los tres bloques regionales está más preparado para avanzar hacia una mayor integración regional.Los resultados sugieren que en la actualidad, de los tres procesos de integración regional analizados, el Mercado Común Centroamericano muestra unas condiciones más favorables para profundizar hacia estadios más avanzados de integración regional. Asimismo, desde su situación actual cercana a una unión aduanera, el MCCA ha registrado mejoras significativas en los últimos años en los indicadores de integración regional analizados. Aún así, a pesar de este progreso, el grado de cumplimiento de los requisitos asociados a un área óptima monetaria, deseables para profundizar hacia etapas de integración más avanzadas como una unión monetaria, todavía puede considerarse en la actualidad como débil, tanto para el MCCA como para el resto de procesos analizados. / In the middle of the decade of the nineties Latin America experienced a strong impulse of the agreements of integration between countries of the region and with regard to third partners. As a result of the process, already existing agreements, such as the Central American Common Market (CACM) or the Andean Community, became stronger and new agreements of integration were signed, such as the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR). The aim of this research focuses on analyzing the three existing processes of integration in Latin America. Some criteria and variables described in the literature on Optimum Currency Areas will be used in order to evaluate the degree of readiness shown by the partners of each Latin American block to go more deeply into their process of regional integration. Likewise, an index will be elaborated from the Optimum Currency Areas Theory with the aim of knowing which of the three regional blocks is more prepared to advance towards a deeper regional integration.The results suggest that, at present, from the three processes of regional integration analyzed, the Central American Common Market shows more favourable conditions to reach more advanced stages of regional integration. Likewise, from its current stage of customs union, the CACM has made significant improvements in recent years with respect to regional integration indicators. Nonetheless, in spite of this progress, the degree of compliance with the requirements of the optimum currency area, which are advisable in order to advance towards a stage of integration of monetary union, may currently still be considered weak, both for the CACM and for the rest of the analyzed processes.