Esta tesis se estructura bajo la forma de dos ensayos independientes, aunque en esencia ambos tratan de evaluar lo mismo: la eficiencia económica en estructuras productivas. El primer ensayo titulado 'Análisis Coste-Beneficio para el proyecto de construcción de una terminal de contenedores' trata de determinar la rentabilidad económica global de un proyecto de inversión pública, en concreto, la construcción de una terminal de contenedores dentro de unas instalaciones portuarias en las que existe un problema de congestión. El segundo de los ensayos se titula 'Determinantes de la Eficiencia Técnica e Impacto de la Competencia en las Empresas Manufactureras Españolas' y trata, en primer lugar, de estudiar los determinantes que afectan a la variabilidad de la eficiencia técnica de las empresas manufactureras españolas durante la década de los años 90, a partir de un modelo de fronteras estocásticas. En una segunda parte del trabajo se estudia la relación entre los niveles de eficiencia técnica de las empresas y sus cuotas del mercado, demostrando que en aquellos mercados tradicionalmente concentrados y con comportamientos más cooperativos, el efecto de la eficiencia técnica sobre las cuotas de mercado de las empresas es más débil que en aquellos sectores más atomizados y con comportamientos más competitivos.

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe teorinėje dalyje pateikiama darbo rinkos samprata ir funkcijos, analizuojama valstybės politika darbo rinkoje, išskiriamos aktyvios darbo rinkos politikos priemonių rūšys ir tikslai, taip analizuojamos aktyvios darbo rinkos politikos priemonių ekonominio efektyvumo įvertinimo ir apskaičiavimo galimybės. Praktinėje darbo dalyje atliekama aktyvios darbo rinkos politikos priemonių kaštų ir pajamų dinamikos bei struktūros analizė, nustatomas aktyvios darbo rinkos politikos priemonių ekonominis efektyvumas, analizuojamos aktyvios darbo rinkos politikos priemonių ekonominio efektyvumo kitimo tendencijos bei atliekamas aktyvios darbo rinkos politikos priemonių atskirų pajamų ir kaštų komponentų įtakos ekonominiam priemonių efektyvumui vertinimas. / In the bachelor‘s thesis is examined the conception and function of labor market, analysis of public policy in the labor market, active labor market policies categories and objectives, active labour market policies efficiency evaluation and calculation. Practical part of Bachelor paper examines active labor market policies categories cost and revenue dynamics and structure, evaluates active labor market policies categories economic efficiency and it’s trends, analyzes active labor market policies categories revenue and cost components impact on active labour market policies efficiency.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamas trijų Radviliškio rajono ūkininkų ūkių veiklos ekonominis efektyvumas. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje aptariami lietuvių ir užsienio autorių nagrinėjami teoriniai ekonominio efektyvumo sampratos aspektai. Antrojoje darbo dalyje atliekama ūkių finansinių rodiklių analizė, įvertinama ūkių finansinė būklė. Atliekama trijų ūkių rodiklių lyginamoji analizė, bei palyginimas su šakos rodikliais. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje, jau apskaičiuotų santykinių rodiklių pagrindu, skaičiuojamas integruotas veiklos ekonominio efektyvumo indeksas, kuris leidžia įvertinti kiekvieno ūkio efektyvumo lygį, lyginant tarpusavyje bei su šakos rodikliais. Taip pat įvertinami efektyvumo indekso ir efektyvumą įtakojančių išorinės aplinkos veiksnių ryšiai. Siekiant įvertinti ūkių veiklos perspektyvas, atliekamas bankroto tikimybės prognozavimas. Atlikto tyrimo rezultatų pagrindu parengiama žemės ūkio subjektų ekonominio veiklos efektyvumo vertinimo schema. / Master's work examined the three farms Radviliskis economic efficiency. The first part discusses the Lithuanian and foreign authors examined the theoretical aspects of the concept of economic efficiency. The second part of the farm financial analysis of the indicators, assess the financial position of households. It also carried out in three farms in benchmarking analysis and comparison with industry indicators. The third part is already calculated based on ratios calculated on the cost-effectiveness of integrated performance index, which allow each farm to assess the degree of efficiency when compared with each other and with industry indicators. It also assessed the efficiency index and efficiency of external environmental factors affecting communication. In order to assess the prospects for farm activity carried out by the bankruptcy prediction. The survey results prepared on the basis of agricultural economic entities operating effectiveness of the scheme.

This thesis provides a bridge between two strands of efficiency literature. As we describe in the first part, the theory of efficiency is generally focused on equilibrium and mild devia- tions from it. In contrast, empirical studies document large variations in efficiency that are persistent in real economies. We describe two theoretical concepts as driving forces behind fluctuating performance of companies. Firstly, efficiency is derived from competition and is dynamic by its nature. As production happens in time, changing supply and demand conditions induce the ne- cessity to continuously adjust production processes. These changes are implemented under conditions of uncertainty, which directly leads to regular inefficiencies, implying that out- of-equilibrium situations are normal rather than rare. Secondly, standard models typically rely on price exogeneity to separate technical and allocative components of overall economic efficiency. We point out that this assumption is likely to fail due to extreme heterogeneity of the units of analysis. We elaborate in detail on the significance of heterogeneity in efficiency models, especially the heterogeneity of capital. As a result we demonstrate how various combinations of heterogeneous assets imply further swings in efficiency. We show that integrating both...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 romero_mgc_dr_botfca.pdf: 1113528 bytes, checksum: 98d3e93e79d5daff3faafdf796e1c8bd (MD5) / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os índices de eficiência energética e econômica por unidade de área do agroecossistema algodão em sistemas de produção familiares do Paraguai e Brasil e estabelecer a relação entre as abordagens energéticas e econômicas detalhando as principais variáveis que alteram os indicadores de eficiência energética e econômica. Considerou-se tipologias apresentadas pelo Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Pequenas Explorações Algodoeiras (Paraguai) e o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Brasil), ou seja, produtores enquadrados nos grupos tipificados e beneficiários pelos respectivos programas. Foram identificados e analisados sistemas agrícolas familiares, ambos localizados em regiões tipicamente algodoeira do Paraguai (San Juan Nepomuceno-Caazapá) e do Brasil (Leme-São Paulo). A cultura do algodão constitui-se em uma das atividades agrícolas de maior valor estratégico para o desenvolvimento regional e destaca-se ocupando mão-de-obra rural e gerando renda aos diversos agentes intervenientes no processo. Assim, considerou-se a importância desta cultura e observou-se a sua participação na produção agrícola familiar destes países. Tanto na construção da estrutura de dispêndios energéticos como na avaliação da eficiência econômica do agroecossistema algodão, considerou-se os valores médios obtidos, em função dos agricultores apresentarem semelhança em termos de sistemas produtivos e estarem dentro da tipificação proposta neste trabalho. A partir dos itinerários técnicos observados verificou-se que o agroecossistema paraguaio dependeu fundamentalmente de fonte fóssil, particularmente de óleo diesel (56,76%) e de fonte industrial (35,99%). Igualmente, estabeleceu-se o balanço... / The objective of this work was to evaluate the energy and economic efficiency indexes per unit of cotton agro-ecosystem area in family production systems of Paraguay and Brazil; and, to establish a relationship between the energy and economic approaches, detailing the main variables that alter the energy and economic efficiency indexes. Typologies presented by the Program to Support Small Cotton Holdings (Paraguay), and by the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Brazil), were considered; in other words, typical producers and beneficiaries of each program. Family agriculture systems of the two countries were identified and analyzed; these are located in typical cotton regions of Paraguay (San Juan Nepomuceno – Caazapá) and of Brazil (Leme – San Paulo). Cotton crop has major strategic value for regional development because occupy rural labor and generate income for people involved in the process. The importance of cotton crop was considered and its participation in family production systems of these countries was observed. To construct the energy expenditure structure of the cotton agro-ecosystem, as well as to assess the economic efficiency, the mean values obtained were considered, when they presented similarities in production systems and they were within the typology proposed in this study. From the technical itinerary observed, the Paraguayan agro-ecosystem depended fundamentally on fossil fuel (56.76%) and industrial source (35.99%). Thus, the energy balance of the agricultural stage was established, which attained a value of 17,740.69 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 5.28, and a cultural efficiency of 3.04. Nevertheless the Brazilian agro-ecosystem depended on energy from industrial source (insecticides 39.82%) and from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os índices de eficiência energética e econômica por unidade de área do agroecossistema algodão em sistemas de produção familiares do Paraguai e Brasil e estabelecer a relação entre as abordagens energéticas e econômicas detalhando as principais variáveis que alteram os indicadores de eficiência energética e econômica. Considerou-se tipologias apresentadas pelo Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento de Pequenas Explorações Algodoeiras (Paraguai) e o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (Brasil), ou seja, produtores enquadrados nos grupos tipificados e beneficiários pelos respectivos programas. Foram identificados e analisados sistemas agrícolas familiares, ambos localizados em regiões tipicamente algodoeira do Paraguai (San Juan Nepomuceno-Caazapá) e do Brasil (Leme-São Paulo). A cultura do algodão constitui-se em uma das atividades agrícolas de maior valor estratégico para o desenvolvimento regional e destaca-se ocupando mão-de-obra rural e gerando renda aos diversos agentes intervenientes no processo. Assim, considerou-se a importância desta cultura e observou-se a sua participação na produção agrícola familiar destes países. Tanto na construção da estrutura de dispêndios energéticos como na avaliação da eficiência econômica do agroecossistema algodão, considerou-se os valores médios obtidos, em função dos agricultores apresentarem semelhança em termos de sistemas produtivos e estarem dentro da tipificação proposta neste trabalho. A partir dos itinerários técnicos observados verificou-se que o agroecossistema paraguaio dependeu fundamentalmente de fonte fóssil, particularmente de óleo diesel (56,76%) e de fonte industrial (35,99%). Igualmente, estabeleceu-se o balanço... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract : The objective of this work was to evaluate the energy and economic efficiency indexes per unit of cotton agro-ecosystem area in family production systems of Paraguay and Brazil; and, to establish a relationship between the energy and economic approaches, detailing the main variables that alter the energy and economic efficiency indexes. Typologies presented by the Program to Support Small Cotton Holdings (Paraguay), and by the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (Brazil), were considered; in other words, typical producers and beneficiaries of each program. Family agriculture systems of the two countries were identified and analyzed; these are located in typical cotton regions of Paraguay (San Juan Nepomuceno - Caazapá) and of Brazil (Leme - San Paulo). Cotton crop has major strategic value for regional development because occupy rural labor and generate income for people involved in the process. The importance of cotton crop was considered and its participation in family production systems of these countries was observed. To construct the energy expenditure structure of the cotton agro-ecosystem, as well as to assess the economic efficiency, the mean values obtained were considered, when they presented similarities in production systems and they were within the typology proposed in this study. From the technical itinerary observed, the Paraguayan agro-ecosystem depended fundamentally on fossil fuel (56.76%) and industrial source (35.99%). Thus, the energy balance of the agricultural stage was established, which attained a value of 17,740.69 MJ ha-1; an energy efficiency of 5.28, and a cultural efficiency of 3.04. Nevertheless the Brazilian agro-ecosystem depended on energy from industrial source (insecticides 39.82%) and from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Osmar de Carvalho Bueno / Coorientador: Maura Seiko Tsutsui Esperancini / Banca: Elias Jose Simon / Banca: Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni / Banca: Fernando Colen / Banca: Ricardo Nicolas Zarate Rojas / Doutor

abstract: Renewable portfolio standards prescribe for penetration of high amounts of re-newable energy sources (RES) that may change the structure of existing power systems. The load growth and changes in power flow caused by RES integration may result in re-quirements of new available transmission capabilities and upgrades of existing transmis-sion paths. Construction difficulties of new transmission lines can become a problem in certain locations. The increase of transmission line thermal ratings by reconductoring using High Temperature Low Sag (HTLS) conductors is a comparatively new technology introduced to transmission expansion. A special design permits HTLS conductors to operate at high temperatures (e.g., 200oC), thereby allowing passage of higher current. The higher temperature capability increases the steady state and emergency thermal ratings of the transmission line. The main disadvantage of HTLS technology is high cost. The high cost may place special emphasis on a thorough analysis of cost to benefit of HTLS technology im-plementation. Increased transmission losses in HTLS conductors due to higher current may be a disadvantage that can reduce the attractiveness of this method. Studies described in this thesis evaluate the expenditures for transmission line re-conductoring using HTLS and the consequent benefits obtained from the potential decrease in operating cost for thermally limited transmission systems. Studies performed consider the load growth and penetration of distributed renewable energy sources according to the renewable portfolio standards for power systems. An evaluation of payback period is suggested to assess the cost to benefit ratio of HTLS upgrades. The thesis also considers the probabilistic nature of transmission upgrades. The well-known Chebyshev inequality is discussed with an application to transmission up-grades. The Chebyshev inequality is proposed to calculate minimum payback period ob-tained from the upgrades of certain transmission lines. The cost to benefit evaluation of HTLS upgrades is performed using a 225 bus equivalent of the 2012 summer peak Arizona portion of the Western Electricity Coordi-nating Council (WECC). / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2014

A DissertaÃÃo avalia os efeitos da atividade pesqueira associativa em tanques redes em comunidades selecionadas e localizadas no municÃpio de Jaguaribara, no AÃude CastanhÃo e a sua capacidade em promover desenvolvimento sustentÃvel para as comunidades envolvidas na atividade no aÃude CastanhÃo. Para alcanÃar os objetivos desse trabalho, foi feito um estudo de caso sobre os projetos de piscicultura em tanques-rede do AÃude CastanhÃo - CE, tendo por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da atividade aquÃcola e sua capacidade em promover desenvolvimento sustentÃvel para as comunidades envolvidas na produÃÃo. Daà a importÃncia das pesquisas em mecanismos que resultem em um equilÃbrio entre aspectos econÃmicos, sociais e ambientais. A pesquisa utiliza dados primÃrios coletados junto aos piscicultores da comunidade. Estimam-se indicadores de bem-estar econÃmico e social bem como de privaÃÃes das famÃlias envolvidas nas atividades, buscando entender se o padrÃo atual de vida difere daquele que prevalece no municÃpio de Jaguaribara, onde està inserido. O estudo determina a alocaÃÃo econÃmica dos recursos e avalia a conveniÃncia econÃmica da produÃÃo escalonada por trimestre bem como avaliar se à viÃvel, de um ponto de vista econÃmico a retirada das vÃsceras para serem vendidas separadamente. Este Ãltimo elemento tem impacto importante de um ponto de vista ambiental, tendo em vistas que de outra forma esse material altamente poluente, se depositado em lixÃes ou em qualquer outro espaÃo, contaminaria tanto eventuais mananciais aquÃferos de superfÃcie como de subsolo. Para estudar a otimizaÃÃo da produÃÃo escalonada, minimiza-se a funÃÃo de custo de produÃÃo, conhecendo-se os custos unitÃrios trimestrais. Os preÃos de venda do pescado coletado foram levantados junto aos entrevistados. Assim geram-se restriÃÃes de receita mÃnima que, no trabalho foi estabelecida como ao menos um salÃrio mÃnimo por trimestre. Para o caso das vÃsceras estabeleceu-se valores equivalentes a 10% do peso vivo do animal como valor de venda. Os custos obtidos sÃo aqueles associados à utilizaÃÃo da mÃo de obra no trabalho de retirada das vÃsceras. Os resultados mostraram que os criadores de peixes envolvidos na pesquisa tÃm padrÃo de vida bem melhores do que aqueles observados no municÃpio de Jaguaribara em 2010. A pesquisa tambÃm sugere que os custos mÃnimos de produÃÃo acontecem quando a produÃÃo se distribui nos quatro trimestres estudados, mas com maior concentraÃÃo no terceiro. No que se refere à retirada das vÃsceras para venda em separado, os resultados econÃmicos foram satisfatÃrios e mostraram que a maior concentraÃÃo de produÃÃo desses resÃduos, objetivando minimizar custos, deve acontecer no segundo trimestre. A pesquisa conclui que o projeto tem viabilidade econÃmica, proporciona melhores padrÃes de vida para os envolvidos, e tem forte externalidade ambiental positiva, na medida em que utiliza as vÃsceras para produzir biodiesel, que poupa petrÃleo, e nÃo contamina o ambiente. / This thesis evaluates the effects of associative pens aquaculture activities in selected communities located in the municipality of Jaguaribara, into the CastanhÃo reservoir, and its capacity into promoting sustainable development for the involved communities into the CastanhÃo. To reach the objectives of this work, a case study was conducted upon pens aquaculture projects into the CastanhÃo reservoir, aiming at evaluating the effects of aquiculture activity and its capacity to promote sustainable development for the communities involved into the production. Hence the importance of researches based on mechanisms that result in a balance between economic, social and environmental aspects. The study uses primary data collected with the communitiesâ fishermen. We estimate economic and social well-being and also deprivation indicators of the families involved into the activities, seeking to understand if the current living pattern is different from the dominant pattern of the municipality of Jaguaribara. The study determinates the economic allocation of resources and evaluates the economic convenience of trimestral scaled production as well as if it is viable, on an economic point of view, to separate and sell viscus. This last subject has an important environmental impact, as it is highly pollutant, and is disposed inappropriately, it would contaminate either superficial reservoirs or underground aquifers. To study the scaled production optimization, we will minimize the production cost function, as we know the trimestral unitary costs. Selling prices of collected fishes were registered through interviews. This way, we generated minimum income restrictions, which was established in this study as at least one minimum wage by trimester. As for the viscus, we established a value equivalent to 10% of the living fish weight as a selling value. Costs considered are those regarding manpower need for viscus extraction. Results show that fishermen involved in this study have a much better standard of living than those observed in the municipality of Jaguaribara in 2010. The study also suggests that minimum production costs occur when production is distributed within the four analyzed trimesters, but with a higher concentration during the third trimester. Regarding the viscus extraction for separate sell, economic results were satisfactory and showed that a higher concentration of production, seeking minimizing costs, should occur during the second trimester. This study concludes that the project is economically viable, offers better living standards for the involved and has a strong environmental positive externality, as it uses viscus to produce biodiesel, saving oil and not contaminating the environment.

A otimização do uso da água é um desafio para os gerenciadores, pois o planejamento da irrigação requer cuidados especiais, a fim de compatibilizar o balanço hídrico com a demanda, tanto no que se refere à quantidade como a sua repartição espacial e temporal. Técnicas de otimização têm sido empregadas nas recentes décadas para tratar problemas de planejamento e manejo de sistemas de recursos hídricos. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu em propor planos ótimos de cultivos, utilizando modelos de programação linear que proporcionem a maximização do retorno líquido do Perímetro de Irrigação Formoso, especificamente quanto a área de lotes familiares. Os modelos utilizados neste estudo foram baseados nos dados que compõem os Relatórios de Monitoria Ano Agrícola de 2008 e 2009 da 2ª Superintendência Regional da CODEVASF, Relatório do Distrito de Irrigação do Projeto Formoso e em informações adicionais fornecidas pela referida empresa pública. O modelo estudado é uma formulação-padrão de programação linear, cuja função-objetivo consistiu em maximizar a receita líquida do projeto, utilizando-se as culturas mais cultivadas nessa área, sob regime de irrigação. Com base nas culturas consideradas e suas respectivas funções de resposta à água, nas restrições de área cultivada, nos preços e nos custos de produção, os resultados permitem as seguintes conclusões: A maximização da receita líquida no Perímetro Irrigado Formoso foi obtida com o modelo de lâminas alternativas, com um retorno financeiro de R$ 68.384.956,53, utilizando o seguinte padrão de cultivo: 30 ha de abóbora, 30 ha de feijão Phaseolus, 977 ha de melancia, 1868 ha de banana, 1200 ha de mamão e 300 ha de limão Tahiti, para o volume anual de 79.649.300 m3. Em qualquer nível de volume de água disponível os valores das lâminas de água foram maiores no modelo lâminas fixas do que no modelo lâminas alternativas. / The optimization of water use is a challenge for managers, because the planning of irrigation requires special care to reconcile the water balance with demand, both in terms of quantity as spatial and temporal distribution. Optimization technique have been employed in recent decades to address problems of planning and management of water resources systems. The aim of this study was to propose optimal crop plans, using linear programming models, providing the maximization of net return on Formoso Irrigation District, regarding the area of farming family. The models used in this study were based on data of the Reports Agricultural year 2008 and 2009 of the 2th Regional Superintendent of CODEVASF and additional information submitted by that government department. The studied model is a traditional linear programming formulation, in which the objective function consisted into maximizing the net income of the project using the most cultivated crops in the area, under irrigation conditions. Based on the crops considered and their response functions to water restrictions on acreage, prices and production costs, the results allow the following conclusions: the maximization of net revenue in Formoso Irrigation District was obtained with the model of alternative irrigation depths, with a payback of R $ 68,384,956.53, using the following crop pattern: 30 ha of squash, 30 ha of Phaseolus beans. 977 ha of watermelon, 1868 ha of banana, 1200 ha of papaya and 300 ha of Tahiti lime, for the annual volume of 79,649,300 m3. At any level of available water the irrigation depths in the model fixed was higher than the irrigation depths in the model alternatives.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to assess the economic efficiency of the investment consisting in the opening of the new franchise retail network stores, specially Tesco Franchise Stores CR s.r.o. The thesis consists of two main parts - the theoretical part and the analytical part. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts which are related to the investment activities and the methods used to evaluate the investment plans. The ending part of the thesis describes the retail environment and the principles of franchising. The beginning of the analytical parts deals with the strategic analysis and description of the franchise model of the company Tesco Franchise Stores CR s.r.o. In addition, the analytical part focus on a specific investment plan, which is further specified and predicts the expected revenues and costs based and the information obtained from strategic analysis and the financial statements of the company. The end of the analytical part deals with the evaluation of the investment plan using dynamic methods.