This research aims to measure the contribution of public investment in transport and communications infrastructure to economic growth in the regions of Peru. This is done on the basis of different estimations using panel data for the 24 regions of Peru, over the period 2004- 2014. First, a conventional fixed-effect panel data method is used for the estimations, whereby investment in transport and communications infrastructure is found to have a positive effect on GDP and GDP per worker in the regions. Then, a spatial panel data methodology is followed, which takes into account the direct effects of investment in infrastructure within a region, as well as the indirect effects that occur between regions. Here, the results suggest that investment in transportation has a direct positive effect on regional GDP, while investment in communications contributes to GDP indirectly. / La presente investigación busca el aporte de la inversión pública en infraestructura de transportes y comunicaciones sobre el crecimiento económico de las regiones del Perú. Esto se realiza sobre la base de diversas estimaciones con datos de panel para las 24 regiones del Perú en el periodo 2004-2014. En primer lugar, para las estimaciones se usa una metodología convencional de datos de panel con efectos fijos. Se encuentra un aporte positivo de la inversión en infraestructura de transportes y comunicaciones sobre el PBI y el PBI por trabajador de las regiones. Luego, se sigue una metodología espacial de datos de panel, la cual toma en cuenta los efectos directos de la inversión en infraestructura dentro de una región, así como los efectos indirectos que ocurren entre regiones. Los resultados sugieren que la inversión en transportes afecta positivamente el PBI regional de forma directa, mientras que la inversión en comunicaciones aporta al PBI de manera indirecta.

FDI investment is a vital factor for the developing countries economic growth. Apart from working as a catalyst of increasing total output level, FDI is a source of clean energy, technology transfer and energy efficiency. There have been very limited studies on the impact of FDI on renewable energy consumption in the context of Bangladesh. In fact, to my best knowledge there hasn’t been any studies on Bangladesh regarding this relationship with recent data available. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to reveal the relationship between FDI and renewable energy consumption in Bangladesh with annual Data spanning from 1980 to 2016. Johansen’s cointegration test showed that variables are cointegrated in the long run. Through Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), the paper shows there is short run and long run causality between FDI and Renewable Energy Consumption and the causality is negative. Granger causality test reveals that the direction of causality is running from FDI to Renewable Energy Consumption. Policies regarding attracting more sectoral FDI should be considered to improve investment scenario in Renewable energy sector.

Current research examines the interdependence between foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development and economic growth. The relationship between the variables in question is studied with reference to transition economies (28 former centrally planned economies). The period of observation covers the transition from centrally planned to market economies 1989-2007. The relationship is analysed using panel data regression models, factor analysis and cointegration tests. The paper suggests that FDI and financial development exert a complementary effect on economic growth, although the latter appears to be insignificant. At the same time, the research provides evidence that FDI is likely to compensate the underdevelopment of financial sector. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This thesis analysed the effect of female labor force participation rate (FLFPR) on economicgrowth and included changes in male labor force participation rate (MLFPR) to help improve thepower of the model. Here, three robust regressions were used on the sample of 16 Latin Countries(Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala,Honduras, Venezuela, RB, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, El Salvador) for theperiod of 1995-2015 in order to identify the effect of each key variable when tested separately andwhen tested together. According to the results, the coefficients of FLFPR and MLFPR are differentand also the addition of MLFPR to the model that has an explanatory variable FLFPR anddependent variable economic growth clearly improves the predicting power of the model and helpsobtain better coefficients. It was also identified that FLFPR has a strong positive relationship witheconomic growth, while MLFPR has a negative effect on the latter. Finally, the existence of u-shape relationship between FLFPR and economic growth was reaffirmed in this thesis, while itwas also shown that MLFPR does not have a u-shape relationship with the economic growth.

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2017. / Cooperatives play a significant role in the country’s economic growth, job creation and poverty reduction. Hence, the number of registered cooperatives in South Africa has been growing very fast. However, the main challenge is that the majority of these cooperatives are underperforming. The apartheid legacy has caused many of these cooperatives to be poorly developed or unsustainable. The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges of lack of sustainability of art and craft cooperatives in Muyexe village of Mopani district in Limpopo Province. For this purpose, eight art and craft cooperatives were used as a survey. The study used mixed research methods to collect both qualitative and quantitave data. Data was gathered from eight (8) art and craft cooperatives in Muyexe village. The cooperatives where data was collected are Progress, Tsakane, Rirhandzu, Hitekani, Vutivi, Tiyimeleni, Vuyeriwani and Pfuka Muyexe art and craft cooperatives. . Data collection was done through structured questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data was gathered through extensive literature review. The population of the study is eight art and craft cooperatives comprised of 88 members. 60 respondents represented all the eight cooperatives. Two groups of respondents participated in this study. The first group was composed of cooperatives members (n=50) and the second group of respondents were the cooperatives board of directors (n=10). The findings revealed some of the factors that cause unsustainability of cooperatives in the area of the study. These factors are lack of good corporate governance practices, inadequate developmental programmes, lack of experience in managing cooperatives, lack of coflict management, lack of ownership and others. To enhance the sustainability of cooperatives the research recommends that the policy makers and agencies should be encouraged to develop enough developmental programmes that will enhance the sustainability of cooperatives in the area of the study.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第22949号 / 経博第624号 / 新制||経||294(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 柴田 章久, 准教授 安井 大真, 教授 照山 博司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

This article goes on to explain and seek if there is any predictive power in the stock markets toward GDP. Put in other words, this study examines whether or not the stock market can be seen as a leading indicator toward GDP for the ten biggest economies measured by GDP in the year 2020. What can be concluded from the results discussed in the analysis section is that the best predictability is when the stock market leads GDP with three to five quarters. In earlier studies on the same topic, the same results can be concluded. However, these previous studies have all shown an extended predictive period between one and five quarters, compared to our results which showed three to five quarters. One note worth mentioning is that we obtained contradictory results depending on if the tests were implemented for each country individually through time series data analysis, or collectively through panel data analysis. Our conclusion was drawn with the panel data analysis as the underlying truth, as it is viewed as more efficient and informative while also being a more suitable tool for studying the dynamics of change.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of the factors that affect economic growth in the Czech Republic. The thesis primarily focuses on one of these factors (technology – research and development) and it analyses its development in the last several years and how this development affected economic growth in the Czech Republic, using statistical methods.

Economic growth rate differs largely between different countries. There are many opinions on which factors really affect the rate of growth in different economies and this causes debates. The factors that affect economic growth include political systems, social settings, economic freedom, human capital and institutional organization. These factors affect not only productivity, but also efficiency. This thesis’ purpose is to investigate and explain the factors that affect economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Through use of a fixed effects regression model, a panel data investigation will be conducted, and an analysis will be presented in this thesis. By using secondary data for sub-Saharan African countries from reliable sources, the factors that affect economic growth on an annual basis from year 2006 to 2017 are examined. Growth in gross domestic product per individual (GDP per capita growth) is the dependent variable and represents economic growth. The independent variables which are believed to affect this growth are also given, and these include: population growth, foreign direct investment, level of corruption, democracy, life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling and economic freedom. The findings estimate that some of the chosen variables, for example population growth and life expectancy at birth significantly affect economic growth and development in these countries. The rest of the independent variables have an impact on economic growth but are not statistically significant according to this study.

La presente investigación aporta a la literatura económica sobre inclusión financiera. La importancia de su estudio radica en las implicancias de esta variable sobre el crecimiento económico y la reducción de la pobreza, ya que brinda mayores oportunidades a las personas para decidir sobre sus finanzas. La principal contribución es analizar la relación que existe entre la inclusión financiera y sus principales determinantes en economías emergentes de América Latina elegidas por el ranking 2019 de economías emergentes del MSCI, siendo estas: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú. Asimismo, determinar las principales barreras que se perciben como razones para ser excluidos del sistema financiero. De esta manera, mediante el proceso de especificación se determinó un modelo Probit como la mejor representación; y, con el proceso de estimación de este (utilizando los datos del Global Findex Data en conjunto con Gallup), se llegó a la conclusión que las principales variables que influyen para que una persona pueda aumentar la probabilidad de ser incluido financieramente son: el género de una persona, la edad, los ingresos, el nivel de educación alcanzado y el país de origen del encuestado. Mientras que, las principales barreras para ser excluido financieramente son: que un familiar tenga una cuenta financiera y la desconfianza que se tiene hacia el sistema financiero. / This research contributes to the economic literature on financial inclusion. The importance of its study lies in the implications of this variable on economic growth and poverty reduction, as it gives people greater opportunities to decide on their finances. The main contribution of this research is to analyze the relationship between financial inclusion and its key determinants in Emerging Economies of Latin America chosen by the 2019 ranking of MSCI emerging markets, being the following countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru. Furthermore, determining the main barriers that are perceived as reasons to influence the probability to be part of financial exclusion. Thus, by means of the specification process, a Probit model was determined as the best representation; and, with the process of estimating this using the Global Findex Data in conjunction with Gallup, it was concluded that the main variables that have influence to be part of financial inclusion are: the gender of a person, age, income, level of education attained and the country of origin of the respondent. While the main barriers to being excluded financially are: a family member has a financial account and the distrust of the financial system. / Trabajo de investigación