Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-05-18T15:05:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Flavio Gomes da Silva.pdf: 1059654 bytes, checksum: 1c96119a1eb1be93c4a2a1944e98a757 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-18T15:05:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Flavio Gomes da Silva.pdf: 1059654 bytes, checksum: 1c96119a1eb1be93c4a2a1944e98a757 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-17 / This dissertation aimed to compare the growth rates of the Development Regions of the state of Pernambuco between years 2000 and 2010 and analize sources of growth of the internal product (GDP), namely the contributions of capital, labour and human capital to this econom-ic growth. For this end, it was used the theoretical models of Solow, Mankiw, Romer and Weil in an empirical version worked out by the author. The estimation of this model , through a least square econometric method for the 185 Pernambuco municipalities, led to the results analyzed in this work. The choice for the adequate data to be used for estimation of the sources of growth was made on the basis of the Firme & Simão (2011) methodology, in spe-cial for the treatment of human capital. The decision was to take the illiterate rate as repre-sentative of this variable as the results were the most appropriate. Results were finally appro-priate for the state of Pernambuco and its main development regions. This work has brought a good contribution to the estimation of economic growth in the state of Pernambuco and to the application of the theoretical model redeveloped by Mankiw, Romer and Weil (MRW) on the basis of the Solow model. It is expected also that the method applied can be used in further works by the author and counterparts. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo central, comparar as taxas de crescimento das Regiões de Desenvolvimento (RD) do Estado de Pernambuco, no período de 2000 e 2010, e analisar as contribuições para o crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita dos municípios pernambucanos, dos fatores estoque de capital físico, capital humano e força de trabalho, a-través do modelo de crescimento econômico proposto por Mankiw, Romer e Weil (1992). Os resultados empíricos foram obtidos utilizando um modelo de regressão múltipla linear, por meio do método de estimação econométrico, chamado Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO), utilizando dados coletadas dos 185 municípios do estado de Pernambuco. A escolha dos dados adequados para estimativa do modelo levou à realização de vários testes econométricos, tendo-se, finalmente, decidido pela metodologia seguida por Firme & Simão (2011) para a capital humano , a taxa de alfebetização que foi transformada pela formula (taxa de alfabetização = 100 - taxa de analfabetismo) e depois aplicou-se o logarimo natural. Os resultados revelaram que em Pernambuco o capital humano está diretamente relacionado com o crescimento da renda com coeficiente médio de 0.2181, a região com maior efeito dessa variável foi o Agreste com 0.6135. As demais varáveis também se mostraram importantes para o crescimento da renda, o capital físico obteve um coeficiente de 0.3044, a região com o maior coeficinte foi o Sertão 0.3961, enquanto o coeficiente da força de trabalho foi 0.1937, tendo a Zona da Mata como região com a maior dependencia desse fator 0.3208. Os resulta-dos desta dissertação podem ser úteis, do ponto de vista metodológico, para futuros trabalhos que venham a ser desenvolvidos na área, particularmente no tocante à aplicação dos modelos de Mankiw, Romer e Weil, com base em Solow, para estimar o crescimento econômico de regiões

A formação de redes flexíveis tem sido alternativa, principalmente para as pequenas e médias empresas, como forma de obter vantagens competitivas. Contudo, além do objetivo principal dessas redes, aspectos culturais e organizacionais trazidos pelos integrantes das mesmas devem ser ponderados. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo dos aspectos considerados relevantes para o relacionamento entre a governança e seus integrantes, dentro de uma rede flexível de supermercados. Três dimensões foram estudadas: foco de negócio, formato de exploração econômica e processos operacionais, avaliadas sobre a perspectiva de quatro construtos, motivação, gestão, comunicação e decisão. A pesquisa foi realizada dentro da abordagem múltipla de casos, levando em conta três tipos de formatos de exploração econômica: o associativismo, a franquia e o licenciamento de marca. O levantamento das informações foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semi estruturadas, sendo para cada rede, entrevistados a governança e seis integrantes. Observou-se que os elementos motivacionais para a formação das redes são semelhantes, mas que a gestão estratégica em sua maioria atende fatores e situações divergentes relativamente ao foco do negócio e os processos operacionais. Para o formato associativista, foi possível identificar a baixa preocupação em relação à integração, treinamentos e processos operacionais, aliada a forte independência dos integrantes, funcionando com características de centrais de compras. Para os formatos de franquia e licenciamento de marca o valor principal reside na padronização de procedimentos e na relevância para treinamentos dos novos integrantes. Os três formatos de redes trazem em comum a preocupação com os procedimentos orientativos em relação aos fornecedores nas negociações de compra e nas promoções em ponto de venda. Evidenciou-se a ampliação do foco do negócio das redes flexíveis de supermercado e a consequente transição de centrais de compras para formatos mais abrangentes do negócio. / Flexible networks formation has been an alternative, mainly for small and medium enterprises, as a way to gain competitive advantages. However, beyond the primary objective of these networks, organizational and cultural aspects brought by the participant members should be considered. This work presents a study of the aspects relevant to the relationship between governance and its members, within a flexible network of supermarkets. Three dimensions were studied: business focus, form of economic exploitation and operational processes, evaluated on the prospect of four constructs, motivation, management, communication and decision. The research was conducted into the multiple case approach, taking into account three types of formats economic exploitation: associativism, franchising and brand licensing. The lifting information was conducted through semi-structured interviews, and for each network, governance and interviewed six members. It was observed that the motivational elements for the formation of networks are similar, but that strategic management in their majority caters factors and situations diverging to the focus of the business and operational processes. For the format associativist, it was possible identify the low concern regarding integration, trainings and operational processes, coupled with the strong independence of members, functioning with characteristics of central purchasing. For formats franchise and brand licensing the primary value resides in the standardization of procedures and relevance to trainings of new members. The three formats networks bring in common the concern with the procedures orientative towards suppliers in the purchases and promotions at point of sale. The analysis reveals the expansion of the business focus of flexible networks supermarket and the consequent transition from central purchasing formats for broader business.

In my thesis I set up two main targets. First was the complete description of an economic and controlling model in a successful company Logos a.s., second was analysis and the definition of strong and weak parts of that model. In addition to that, I suggested several changes and modifications dealing with identified weaknesses and minimizing threats to the described economic model. In a theoretical part of the thesis, based on studies of a scientific literature, I characterized theoretical frame to related problems, which I later tried to solve in a practical part my work. I defined controlling and what problems it is exactly trying to cope with. After that I mentioned information about controlling implementation into the company. The end of the theoretical part was about planning, budgeting and managing of the company and its projects. In the practical part of the thesis I first identified reasons and aims for the implementation of a new economic and controlling model into Logos a.s., consequently describing the model in detail. Then, based on methodology of SWOT analysis and brainstorming during meetings with company managers, I identified strong and weak parts of the whole model. In the final part of the thesis I suggested implementing several improvements trying to eliminate identified weaknesses and threats of the economic model.

L’entrepreneuriat social est une nouvelle forme entrepreneuriale tournée vers l’accomplissement d’une mission sociétale. L’étude du modèle économique, concept central dans toute aventure entrepreneuriale, fait pourtant défaut dans les recherches académiques. L’objectif de ce travail est de démontrer la pertinence de l’analyse du modèle économique en entrepreneuriat social au moyen d’une analyse de type «business model». Après une étude qualitative exploratoire, quatre cas ont été étudiés sur la base d’entretiens semi-directifs ayant permis de produire une version narrative des business models et des modèles économiques afférents. La comparaison systématique des résultats relève qu’il n’existe pas de méthode infaillible pour construire un modèle économique viable dans le contexte de l’entrepreneuriat social. En s’inscrivant dans une approche dynamique, nous proposons une nouvelle lecture qui décortique le nœud des liens de valeurs en expliquant les résultats de leurs interactions sur la viabilité d’un projet à utilité sociale. Outre le constat sur l’actualité du débat établi, la thèse propose des pistes pour l’écriture d’un modèle économique viable dans les organisations à finalité sociale et permet d’approfondir l’articulation entre différentes stratégies et pratiques dans la mise en place d’une architecture financière porteuse de vertus sociales et de performances plurielles. / Social entrepreneurship is a new form of entrepreneurship focused on achieving a societal mission. The study of the economic model, a central concept in any entrepreneurial venture, is nevertheless lacking in academic research. The objective of this work is to demonstrate therelevance of analyzing the economic model in social entrepreneurship by a "business model" approach. After an exploratory qualitative study,four cases were studied based onsemi-directive interviews that produced a narrative version of their business and related economic models. The systematic comparison of the results shows that there is no foolproof way to build a viable economic model in the social entrepreneurshipcontext. By adopting a dynamic approach, we propose a new interpretation that analyses the core value relationships by explaining the results of their interactions on the project’ssocially useful viability. In addition to the observation on the topicality of the established debate, the thesis proposes avenues for writing a viable economic model in social purpose organizations and makes it possible to deepen the interaction between different strategies and practices in the implementation of a financial architecture bearing social virtues and plural performances.

Main principle of the thesis is to create technical-economic model of municipal waste-to-energy plant. This model is suitable for different technical parameters of various incinerators and there is not necessary to create new model for each new incinerator. The model also includes basic economic aspects of technology and service of the municipal waste incinerator. The importance of municipal waste incinerator construction, their current situation and planned future in Czech Republic are also mentioned in the thesis.

At present, an important task for Chinese governments at all levels is to save energy and reduce pollutant emissions. The task of buildings energy efficiency accounts for 21% in the 12th Five Year Plan which from 2011 to 2015. With the development of social economy，the energy shortage is serious day by day．The energy-conservation of buildings is a high relevant issue in China．There are a large capacity and a wide range of existing buildings in Qingdao among which the overwhelming majority is the non-energy-efficient buildings and the operate energy consumption are enormous．At Present, according to the related statistic，the energy efficient building area only accounts for 3% to 5% of the total building area newly increased in our country every year, while in such existing buildings in Qingdao ，most of them are highly energy-consuming, the energy consumption in buildings is about 100-350 kWh for each floor area of the whole year，which is 2 to 3 times of the energy consumption of the same area of energy efficient buildings．So we can say that whether could we promote the effective use of resources and energy in buildings is very important，which will finally determine whether could we and take the road to sustainable development． In respect of the application of the complicated systematic scientific conclusions，the thesis carries out the analysis of geographic and climate characteristics in Qingdao area and the research of current energy consumption． Based on the quantitative model analysis of environmental and economic benefits of implementation of energy efficient buildings in Qingdao in scenario k, promotion and implementation of energy efficient buildings can substantially reduce the current high environmental cost associated with energy consumption for heating and cooling in buildings in Qingdao. Emission including carbon dioxides, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxides and ash can be reduced, it means that under the scenario k energy efficient buildings has an idea performance on reducing pollutant gas. At the same time, companied by the great environmental benefits, there are also substantial economic benefits. Barriers to energy efficiency in buildings in Qingdao, including political, economic, social and technological barriers are discussed in this thesis. According to the investigation and analysis about the present situation and factors affecting the implementation of energy efficient buildings in Qingdao, this thesis put forward recommendations from the aspects of environment, politics, economy, society and technology to improving energy efficient buildings in Qingdao.

Process economic improvement subject to safety, operational and environmental constraints is an ultimate goal of using on-line process optimization and control techniques. The dynamic nature of present-day market conditions motivates the consideration of process dynamics within the economic optimization calculation. Two key paradigms for implementing real-time dynamic economic optimization are a dynamic real-time optimization (DRTO) and regulatory MPC two-layer architecture, and a single-level economic model predictive control (EMPC) con figuration. In the two-layer architecture, the economically optimal set-point trajectories computed in an upper DRTO layer are provided to the MPC layer, while in the single-layer EMPC con figuration the economics are incorporated within the MPC objective function. There are limited studies on a systematic performance comparison between these two approaches. Furthermore, these studies do not simultaneously consider the economic, disturbance rejection and computational performance criteria. Thus, it may not be clear under what conditions one particular method is preferable over the other. These reasons motivate a more comprehensive comparison between the two paradigms, with both open and closed-loop predictions considered in the DRTO calculations. In order to conduct this comparison, we utilize two process case studies for the economic analysis and performance comparison of on-line optimization systems. The first case study is a process involving two stirred-tank reactors in-series with an intermediate mixing point, and the second case study is a linear multi-input single-output (MISO) system. These processes are represented using a fi rst principles model in the form of differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) system for the first case study and a simplified linear model of a polymerization reactor for the second case study problem. Both of the case study processes include constraints associated with input variables, safety considerations, and output quality. In these case study problems, the objective of optimal process operation is net profit improvement. The following performance evaluation criteria are considered in this study: (I) optimal value of the economic objective function, (II) average run time (ART) over a same operating time interval, (III) cumulative output constraint violation (COCV) for each constraint. The update time of the single-layer approach is selected to be equal to that of the control layer in the two-layer formulations, while the update time of the economic layer in the two-layer formulation is bigger than that of the single-layer approach. The nonlinear programing (NLP) problems which result in the single-layer and two-layer formulations and the quadratic programing problem which corresponds to the MPC formulation are solved using the fmincon and quadprog optimization solvers in MATLAB. Performance assessment of the single-layer and two-layer formulations is evaluated in the presence of a variety of unknown disturbance scenarios for the first case study problem. The effect of a dynamic transition in the product quality is considered in the performance comparison of the single-layer and two-layer methods in the second case-study problem. The first case study problem results show that for all unknown disturbance scenarios, the economic performance of the single-layer approach is slightly higher than that of the two layer formulations. However, the average computation times for the DRTO-MPC two-layer formulations are at least one order of magnitude lower than that of the EMPC formulation. Also, comparison results of the COCV for the EMPC formulation for different sizes of update time intervals could justify the necessity of the MPC control layer to reduce the COCV for the economic optimization problems with update times larger than that of the MPC control layer. A similar computational advantage of the OL- and CL-DRTO-MPC over the EMPC is observed for the second case study problem. In particular, it is shown that increasing the economic horizon length in the EMPC formulation to a sufficiently large value may result a higher economic improvement. However, the increase in economic optimization horizon would increase the resulting NLP problem size. The computational burden could limit the use of the EMPC formulation with larger economic optimization horizons in real-time applications. The ART of the dual-layer methods is at least two orders of magnitude lower than that of the EMPC methods with an appropriate horizon length. The CL-DRTO-MPC economic performance is slightly less than that of the EMPC formulation with the same economic optimization horizon. In conclusion, the performance comparison on the basis of multiple criteria in this study demonstrates that the economic performance criterion is not necessarily the only important metric, and the operational constraint limitations and the optimization problem solution time could have an important impact on the selection of the most suitable real-time optimization approach. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

With increasing mobile data demand there is a push towards heterogeneous networks. Small-scale operators (SSOs) of WLANs are becoming more prevalent, while Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) seek an outlet for their customers' data usage. These conditions prompt the need for an effective relationship between the two parties for the purpose of offloading cellular data traffic to WLANs in a way that is economically beneficial to all involved. This thesis presents a model of such a relationship, in which the SSO sets a strategic offloading price per subscriber and several MNOs can choose how many subscribers they want to offload in order to minimize their costs. We determine the optimal offloading price, identify how the SSO incorporates its own network's quality of service (QoS) into its price decision, and examine the way in which the MNOs' cost structures affect their ability to offload. This model can be applied by both MNOs and SSOs to make informed network deployment decisions, even before engaging in an offloading relationship. / Master of Science

The present doctoral thesis has been realized in accordance with the research line of Economy and Regulation in Telecommunications under the doctoral programme in Telecommunications of Universitat Politècnica de València. It has been developed on the basis of various research projects, especially the "Cooperation and Opportunity for Wireless Heterogeneous Networks Project" (TIN2010-21378-C02-02), which acted as my funding agent and the "S2EuNet-Security Project" . Mobile communications have undergone notable growth from their beginning up to the present day regarding devices and bandwidth available. Service providers have now to take the challenge of such increase. New technologies are being implemented to address the challenge and all of them belong to the world of mobile communications. This thesis will focus on the solutions provided by heterogeneous nets (HetNets) and, more speci¿cally, we will look at the Small Cells technology. It is starting to be widely deployed lately and allows for a visible increase in network capacity and a resulting enhancement in availability and coverage on the user side. Abundant research has proved that the integration of these technologies within markets is technically feasible. A marketing model is however still necessary which is able to prove its economic viability. A business model was laid out where a provider sets out to deploy small cells technology and stands as an incumbent service provider. The Theory of Games was used for the analysis of such models as it allows an insight of the decisions in equilibrium when entering into a competition among themselves and try the decisions of users need to be predicted. In this way we will manage to know the effect of such decisions over the pro¿ts of all the agents in the model. A clear picture will be thus obtained of the advantages of the implementation of the new technology in the market as well as of its effects over the incumbent service providers. This thesis intends to be a contribution towards the implementation of new technologies in the market of mobile technologies through the analysis of the competence between new service providers of Small Cells and an incumbent service providers along with the behaviour of the users of mobile communications. The result show that: users get a better service, the SSP pro¿ts are guaranteed and the entrance of the SSP improves the user comfort and social welfare. / Esta tesis se ha creado en el marco de la línea de investigación de Economía y Regulación de las Telecomunicaciones del programa de doctorado de Telecomunicaciones de la Universitat Politècnica de València, y se ha desarrollado en diferentes proyectos de investigación, en especial, el proyecto de "Cooperación yOportunismo enRedesde Acceso Inalámbricas y Heterogéneas" (TIN2010-21378-C02-02) y el proyecto S2EuNet-Security (FP7PEOPLE-2009- IRSES, 247083). Desde sus inicios las comunicaciones móviles han experimentado un gran crecimiento, tanto de dispositivos móviles como de cantidad de ancho de banda demandado, lo que ha provocado que los proveedores se encuentren con el desafío de hacer frente a este crecimiento. Para ello, se están implementando diferentes técnicas y tecnologías que se integran con el modeloactualdecomunicacionesmóviles.Enestatesisnoscentraremosenla solución que aportan las redes heterogéneas, especialmente en la tecnología de Small cells que se desplegado rápidamente en los últimos años y permite incrementar la capacidad de la red, así como obtener mejor disponibilidad y cobertura para los usuarios, pero falta un modelo de negocio claro donde se muestre su viabilidad económica. En esta tesis se plantea un modelo de negocio para un proveedor de servicio que despliega small cells y que compite como el proveedor de servicios incumbente. Para el análisis de este modelo se ha utilizado la Teoría de Juegos la cual ha permitido conocer las decisiones en equilibrio que toman los proveedores de servicio cuando compiten entre sí, así como las decisiones en equilibrio de los usuarios; de esta manera se ha obtenido el efecto de estas decisiones sobre los bene¿cios de todos los agentes del modelo y se han identi¿cado las ventajas y los inconvenientes que tiene la implementación de una nueva tecnología en el mercado. Esta tesis pretende ser una contribución al estudio de implementación de nuevas tecnologías en el mercado de comunicaciones móviles, más concretamente planteando modelos económicos que estudien su viabilidad a través del análisis de la competencia entre un nuevo proveedor se servicio de Small cells y el proveedor de servicio existente, y el comportamiento de los usuarios de comunicaciones móviles. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los usuarios obtienen una mejor utilidad , el SSP siempre tiene unos bene¿cios garantizados, el MSP se ve obligado a competir y sus bene¿cios se ven perjudicados, además que la entrada del SSP mejora el bienestar de los usuarios y el bienestar social. / Aquesta tesi s'ha creat en el marc de la línia de recerca d'Economia i Regulació de les Telecomunicacions del programa de doctorat de Telecomunicacions de la Universitat Politècnica de València, i s'ha desenvolupat en diferents projectes de recerca, especialment, el projecte de Çooperació i Oportunisme en Xarxes d'Accés Sense ¿ls i Heterogènies"(TIN2010-21378-C02-02) i el projecte S2EuNet-Security (FP7PEOPLE-2009- IRSES, 247083). Des dels seus inicis les comunicacions mòbils han experimentat un gran creixement, tant de dispositius mòbils com de quantitat d'amplada de banda demandada, la qual cosa ha provocat que els proveïdors es troben amb el desa¿amentdeferfrontaaquestcreixement.Peraaixò,s'estanimplementant diferents tècniques i tecnologies que s'integren amb el model actual de comunicacions mòbils. En aquesta tesi ens centrarem en la solució que aporten les xarxes heterogènies, especialment a la tecnologia de Small cells que s'ha desplegat ràpidament en els últims anys i permet incrementar la capacitat de la xarxa, així com obtenir millor disponibilitat i cobertura per als usuaris, però falta un model de negoci clar on es mostre la seua viabilitat econòmica. En aquesta tesi es planteja un model de negoci per a un proveïdor de servei que desplega Small cells i que competeix com el proveïdor de serveis incumbent. Per a l'anàlisi d'aquest model s'ha utilitzat la Teoria de Jocs la qual ha permès conéixer les decisions en equilibri que prenen els proveïdors de servei quan competeixen entre si, així com les decisions en equilibri dels usuaris; d'aquesta manera s'ha obtingut l'efecte d'aquestes decisions sobre els bene¿cis de tots els agents del model i s'han identi¿cat els avantatges i els inconvenients que té la implementació d'una nova tecnologia al mercat. Aquesta tesi pretén ser una contribució a l'estudi d'implementació de noves tecnologies al mercat de comunicacions mòbils, més concretament plantejant models econòmics que estudien la seua viabilitat a través de l'anàlisi de la competència entre un nou proveïdor se servei de Small cells i el proveïdor de servei existent, i el comportament dels usuaris de comunicacions mòbils. Els resultats obtinguts mostren que els usuaris obtenen una millor utilitat, el SSP sempre té uns bene¿cis garantits, el MSP es veu obligat a competir i els seus bene¿cis es veuen perjudicats, a més que l'entrada del SSP millora el benestar dels usuaris i el benestar social. / Romero Chavarro, JC. (2017). Contribución al modelado y al análisis mediante Teoría de Juegos de la competencia entre operadores móviles en escenarios con tecnología "small cell" [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/85681

Cette thèse porte sur la question de la rémunération des dirigeants de grandes sociétés cotées et, de manière plus précise, sur les problèmes de justification posés par certains montants et pratiques de rémunération. L’enjeu est d’étudier l’origine et la signification de la controverse publique sur le sujet en la mettant en rapport avec le modèle économique libéral qui dit que le « prix » du dirigeant est un simple prix de marché, soit le produit d’une confrontation entre une offre et une demande de travail managérial de haut niveau. En cela, notre objectif n’est pas de porter un jugement ou une simple évaluation sur la rémunération des dirigeants, mais de comprendre comment et en quoi la controverse étudiée fait problème, comment et en quoi elle interroge, en miroir, la nature et le fonctionnement des sociétés libérales. La démarche est donc « compréhensive », au sens où il s’agit de prendre appui sur le discours des acteurs de la controverse pour « déconstruire » un modèle de justification en apparence élémentaire, qui est aussi l’expression de l’idéologie dominante. / This thesis addresses the question of CEO compensation in large publicly-held firms and, more precisely, the problems of justification that arise with certain amounts and practices of compensation. The objective is to analyze the origin and meaning of the public controversy sparked by the subject by relating it to the liberal economic model according to which the “price” of CEOs is simply a market price, that is, the result of the confrontation between supply and demand of top-level managerial labor. As such, our objective is not to produce a judgment or a mere evaluation of CEO compensation, but rather to understand how and why the controversy generates a problem, or how and why it questions, reflexively, the nature and functioning of liberal societies. The approach is therefore “interpretative,” in the sense that it is based on the discourse of the actors involved in the controversy in order to “deconstruct” an apparently elementary model of justification, that is also the expression of the dominant ideology.