This master thesis deals with the current situation of waste management of material usable municipal waste with focus on various fractions of plastics. The theoretical part summarises the legislation of waste treatment, also contains an analysis of the current situation of waste management in the Czech Republic and comparison the situation in the European Union. In the next part of thesis are described basic fractions of plastics and their properties. There are mentioned the current problems with plastics processing and the risks of leakage to the environment. Furthermore, a complex chain of plastic waste reprocessing is described, since the inception of plastics waste to the manufacture of products made from recycled plastics. The most attention is paid to the discription of recycling plant, where the output material from sorting lines is reprocessed into a secondary material in the form of flakes or granules. Also this part is focused on the technology of recycling line and the individual devices are described. In the practical part of the thesis is created techno-economic model of recycling line with the aim of its use for balance calculations of recycling and also economic evaluation. As a part of the model was made a market research of secondary raw materials with a focus on price development. Subsequetly, sensitivity analyzes of selected parameters are applied to the model and the impact of scenarios on the economic results are evaluated.

The diploma thesis deals with railway transport describes its role in combined transport and compare key aspects with road transport. As part of the diploma thesis, a detailed database of railway tracks in the Czech Republic was created, on which the route planner was built with the possibility of setting waypoints. The route planner also includes the implementation of exclusion activities. A comprehensive technical-economic model of railway transport was created with four calculation models and detailed investment planning, thanks to which is possible to assess whether the purchase or lease of train sets is more advantageous when making investment decisions. Furthermore, a technical-economic model for the branch line was created. The last section deals with the created transport model for the catchment area for 8 localities and 5 types of transported waste/commodities. The transport model was used to evaluate two selected areas – the South Moravian Region and Kolín.

Die elektrische Energieform gewinnt im Kraftfahrzeug wegen ihrer Nutzungsvielfalt und sehr guten Steuerbarkeit für die Realisierung neuartiger Funktionen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Voraussetzung für ihren Einsatz ist eine zuverlässige und effiziente Bereitstellung durch das Kfz-Energiebordnetz. Dafür ist ein intelligentes Energiemanagement erforderlich, welches mit geeigneten Strategien die Leistungsflüsse im Energiesystem koordiniert. In dieser Arbeit werden die beiden Entwurfsziele der Zuverlässigkeit und der Effizienz bei der Entwicklung von elektrischen Energiemanagement-Strategien systematisch betrachtet. Es erfolgt eine Beschreibung und Zuordnung der einzelnen Ziele und Maßnahmen anhand der Energieflüsse und Wirkungsketten. Ein Schwerpunkt bildet dabei die Beherrschung von Lastwechseln im Bordnetz. Für Aussagen hinsichtlich einer effizienten Erzeugung elektrischer Energie erfolgt eine Untersuchung der Energiewandlungskette anhand analytischer Methoden und mit Hilfe einer simulationsgestützten Optimierung. Ein weiterer Fokus der Arbeit liegt in der Betrachtung zur Anwendung ökonomischer Modelle für eine Energiekoordination. Es werden die theoretischen Grundlagen der Mikroökonomie zusammengestellt und mögliche Funktionsstrukturen eines einseitigen und zweiseitigen Allokationsmechanismus verglichen und bewertet. Abschließend zeigen experimentelle Untersuchungen an einem Bordnetzprüfstand zum Lastwechselverhalten und die Integration eines Energiemanagement-Systems den praktischen Bezug zum realen System.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiani Sobrinho Del Bianco.pdf: 3941335 bytes, checksum: 389260f4ef8c218c8f73202bf660d0fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / The various activities inserted in the production processes are characterized by the generation of common solids (MSW) waste, whether in solid, liquid or gaseous. Therefore, this study aims to identify factors capable of explaining the economic potential of MSW as a sustainable regional development factor, transforming the problem of MSW generation in new business opportunity. For this purpose, the methodology included the implementation of steps to characterize the source of MSW municipalities under study, analysis of the models and technologies used in MSW, and identification of potential bottlenecks in the economic sectors and the systematization of results by presenting a new economic model using MSW as inputs in production processes. The results showed that the municipalities under study had an average generation of 54.5 t / day of plastic; 12 t / day of glass; 6:06 l t / day of metal; 60.6 tons / day of paper; 5.5 ton / day from other waste types and 418.5 tons / day of organic. It was identified that the marketing of MSW aluminum, cardboard and PET is more expressive in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Paraná. From this information it was possible to estimate the total gross revenue for the 30 municipalities in the study, which was approximately R$ 3,642,408.38, of which this was more notable in the municipalities of Cascavel, Foz do Iguacu and Toledo , which together were responsible for obtaining 57% of the total gross revenue for the cities analyzed. The systematization of the results showed that the new model of MSW, send about 5.6 tonnes/day of MSW to the municipal landfill of Toledo, representing a reduction of 92% of the total previously forwarded by using the traditional management model MSW. Thus, the development of this new management model would help the sustainable development of meso study, it would be able to generate income from the implementation of new models of factories, developing new technologies, increased service life and reduced need for increased of area landfills and thus will make the municipalities fall under the guidelines of the law 12.305/2010 PNRS. / As diversas atividades inseridas nos processos produtivos têm como característica comum à geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), sejam eles sólidos, líquidos ou gasosos. Diante disso, esse trabalho visa identificar elementos capazes de explicitar o potencial econômico dos RSU como fator de desenvolvimento regional sustentável, transformando a problemática da geração de RSU em oportunidade de novos negócios. Para tanto, a metodologia contemplou a execução de etapas de caracterização da fonte geradora de RSU dos municípios em estudo, análise dos modelos e tecnologias utilizadas na gestão dos RSU, identificação das potencialidades e gargalos nos setores econômicos e a sistematização dos resultados por meio da apresentação de um novo modelo econômico utilizando o RSU como insumos dos processos produtivos. Os resultados demonstraram que os municípios em estudo, apresentaram uma geração média de 54.5 t/dia de plástico; 12 t/dia de vidro; l 6.06 t/dia de metal; 60.6 t/dia de papel; 5.5 t/ dia de outros tipos de resíduos e, 418.5 t/dia de orgânicos. Identificou-se que a comercialização dos RSU de alumínio, papelão e PET é mais expressiva nos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Paraná. A partir dessas informações foi possível estimar a receita bruta total para os 30 municípios em estudo, que foi de cerca de R$3.642.408,38, dentre os quais esta foi mais expressiva nos municípios de Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu e Toledo, que juntos foram responsáveis pela obtenção de 57% da receita bruta total nos municípios analisados. A sistematização dos resultados demonstrou que o novo modelo de gestão dos RSU, enviaria cerca de 5.6 t/dia de RSU para o aterro sanitário municipal de Toledo, representando uma redução de 92% do total anteriormente encaminhado por meio da utilização do modelo tradicional de gestão dos RSU. Assim, o desenvolvimento desse novo modelo de gestão auxiliaria no desenvolvimento sustentável da mesorregião em estudo, pois seria capaz de gerar renda, a partir da implementação dos novos modelos de fábricas, desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, aumento da vida útil e redução da necessidade de aumento de área para aterros sanitários e, assim, fará com que os municípios fiquem em conformidade com as diretrizes da lei de 12.305/2010 do PNRS.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Cardonha.pdf: 3960682 bytes, checksum: b0fe5200b55869d7e2fa5e0481fcfad1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-16 / Investigates the reaction of the progressive Catholics against the military dictatorship in Brazil mainly based on official and formerly classified documents currently available at Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo - APESP. This work demonstrates that the progressive sectors of the Catholic Church resisted against the authoritarian state and worked for its moral deligitimation in several ways: politically, with the condemnation of the systematic violation of the Human Rights; ideologically, with the exposition of the totalitarian tendency of the National Security Doctrine; and economically, with critics to a model that stimulated income concentration and social marginalization / A Igreja Católica nos Anos de Chumbo: Resistência e Deslegitimação do Estado Autoritário Brasileiro (1968/1974) é um trabalho de pesquisa e reflexão sobre a ação dos católicos progressistas contra a ditadura militar. A pesquisa sobre a memória da resistência católica foi realizada nos arquivos da repressão política. A análise pretende demonstrar que os setores progressistas da Igreja resistiram e deslegitimaram moralmente o Estado autoritário: no plano político, combatendo a violação sistemática dos Direitos Humanos: no plano ideológico, denunciando o caráter totalitário da Doutrina de Segurança Nacional; e no plano econômico: condenando o modelo concentrador de renda e gerador de marginalização social

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Cardonha.pdf: 3960682 bytes, checksum: b0fe5200b55869d7e2fa5e0481fcfad1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-16 / Investigates the reaction of the progressive Catholics against the military dictatorship in Brazil mainly based on official and formerly classified documents currently available at Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo - APESP. This work demonstrates that the progressive sectors of the Catholic Church resisted against the authoritarian state and worked for its moral deligitimation in several ways: politically, with the condemnation of the systematic violation of the Human Rights; ideologically, with the exposition of the totalitarian tendency of the National Security Doctrine; and economically, with critics to a model that stimulated income concentration and social marginalization / A Igreja Católica nos Anos de Chumbo: Resistência e Deslegitimação do Estado Autoritário Brasileiro (1968/1974) é um trabalho de pesquisa e reflexão sobre a ação dos católicos progressistas contra a ditadura militar. A pesquisa sobre a memória da resistência católica foi realizada nos arquivos da repressão política. A análise pretende demonstrar que os setores progressistas da Igreja resistiram e deslegitimaram moralmente o Estado autoritário: no plano político, combatendo a violação sistemática dos Direitos Humanos: no plano ideológico, denunciando o caráter totalitário da Doutrina de Segurança Nacional; e no plano econômico: condenando o modelo concentrador de renda e gerador de marginalização social

The increasing volume of solid waste (SW), not only arising from household (Municipal SW, MSW) but also from industrial process (Industrial SW, ISW), has become a serious issue in Chinese metropolises with the economic growth, urbanization, industrialization, and increasing affluence. Growth of industry leads to the expansion of population, while the augment of demand by increasing population stimulates the industrial growth in turn, thereby increasing not only ISW generation, but also MSW generation. Therefore, in order to solve the waste problem for the construction of sustainable waste management system in a city, it is necessary to consider these two types of waste together, in which, the emphasis should be focused on waste reduction from the source. The starting point in adopting this should be a good understanding of the upstream flow of waste and accurate knowledge of the volume and composition of waste that will be generated in the future. However, due to deficient historical records and complex production process, the effective attempts at forecasting SW generation are far from enough, especially for ISW by waste category. A common approach which is based on the limited waste statistics and can be easily popularized into Chinese countries is thus urgent. This paper, therefore, attempts the construction of a systematic approach to make projections of SW generation by waste category from the following issues: (1) to develop household consumer behaviour model taking into account lifestyle of residents and project the demand of private consumption in the future; (2) to quantitatively investigate and project MSW generation fully considering the change in consumer behaviour and waste management policies; (3) to effectively evaluate the present and future industrial structure and their contributions to ISW generation among industries; (4) to carry out a scenario analysis of calculating CO2 emissions in different waste treatment options based on the projected waste quantity and composition in 2015. The approach is applied on a city level as the basic administrative unit of SW management in China. The entire framework comprises four modules-regional macro-economic module, MSW generation module, ISW generation module, and waste treatment module. Further, the study of consumption pattern conducted from the consumer behaviour model in MSW module is a prerequisite for industrial restructuring caused by change in consumption demand in ISW module. Moreover, the regional macro-economic module is to provide a means for economic structural analysis and economic forecasting, considering the influence of national GDP and socioeconomic indicators including world trade. It is found out that the regional model fits the historical records reasonably well and provides an acceptable reproduction. In the MSW generation module for estimating and projecting MSW generation, firstly the per capita total household consumption expenditure is estimated by using total consumption expenditure model; then, household consumption pattern is estimated using an extension of the linear expenditure system (LES); thereafter, MSW generation by composition is quantitatively expressed in terms of the expenditure for consumption category and waste management policies by using ordinary least squares (OLS). Then, five Chinese cities with distinct economic levels are presented by applying the module to determine the waste generation features in different regions. The research findings clearly indicate that 1) the number of variables affecting consumer behaviour in Chinese cities is not one but the integrations of a series of indicators. Aside from Shanghai, saving rate towards consumption (SAV) and natural growth rate (NAGR) are currently the two common factors. However, in Shanghai, consumer behaviour is strongly influenced by SAV and the average number of persons per household (ANPH). 2) The MSW generation model quantitatively demonstrates the linear conversion process from consumption to corresponding waste generation in all cities. For example, education and consumption of food-as the form of consumption expenditure in this research-is the source of generation of food, plastic and paper waste. Further, glass and metal waste is estimated by food expenditure in all cities. 3) Total MSW generation per unit consumption is 0.198~0.225 kg/RMB with an average value of 0.213 kg/RMB. 4) All the waste management policies analyzed in the research will provide feasible experiences or valuable lessons to other Chinese cities. 5) Volume of per capita MSW generated in 2020 will be 1.24-2.18 folds compared to that in 2008 in each city if there were no effective policies implemented advancing to diminishing waste generation. Then, for the forecasting of ISW generation of each waste category by industry, the ISW module is developed, linking three principal models-regional macro-economic model, regional input-output (IO) analysis, and ISW generation model. The approach investigates the influence of industrial restructuring on ISW generation, based on the study of consumption patterns, export composition figures and change in ISW generation coefficient. The principal priorities in the case study on Shanghai are as follows: 1) the approach provides an idea for a way to quantitatively analyze industrial restructuring by adjusting the converter that, in turn, helps assess the impact of these changes on sectoral output. 2) A sensitivity analysis describes that per yuan of increase in consumption on FOOD, CLSH, FUNI, EDUC, TRAN, HLTH and RESI induces to an average increase of 76.41, 76.16, 82.28, 106.54, 93.89, 148.30 and 292.58 g total ISW, respectively. 3) It is verified that ISW generation not only arises from economic growth but also from the onset of industrial restructuring. The unit ISW generation per gross output reduces from 0.16 to 0.14 tons/10 000 RMB as we move from 2002 to 2020. 4) It is investigated that the total volume of ISW generated in 2010, 2015 and 2020 will be 2.07, 2.83 and 4.12 times that of the 2002 levels. The total SW generation of Shanghai in 2020 will be 4.06 times of that in 2002. 5) However, if considering scenario analysis of adjusting ISW generation coefficient, the total SW generation is 1.93 times compared to 2002 and ISW is 2.18 times of MSW generation. 6) Based on our results, the industrial sectors making the biggest contribution to the production of each type of ISW can each be separately identified. Therefore, constraining specific industries or penetrating them with selective technological changes will be useful attempts on the way to meeting the objectives of overall waste reduction. Finally, in the waste treatment module, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions emitting from the treatment and disposal of waste, including landfill site, waste-to-energy incineration and composting are calculated, respectively. Further, based on the projection of waste quantity and composition of Shanghai in 2015, a scenario analysis is carried out as well concerning the GHG emissions from alternative treatment options. The results confirm that composting and recycling of waste before the treatment are effective attempts at reducing GHG emissions in Shanghai. Further, scenario designed as the integrated waste treatment system makes the biggest reduction of GHG emissions, as 34% as compared to current treatment options with energy recovery. In a word, this research develops the entire systematic approach investigating the upstream flow of waste generation from the viewpoint of economic growth, change in socioeconomic indicators and constitution of waste management policies, and makes a reasonable attempt at projecting SW generation of each type of waste category. Based on the results, it is suggested that for the waste reduction to promote sustainable society, government interventions including promoting green consumption, reducing extra consumption, et al. and waste policies such as increasing recycling and penetrating technological innovation in specific industries will be effective. Further, based on the forecasts of SW generation, the recycling and appropriate treatment of waste generating from municipal and industrial process can be examined from the long view. From the relationship between ISW and MSW generation, the development of industry will promote the growth of service industry and induce greater generation of recyclable items. While the recycling of these items before the waste treatment is essential for effectively reducing GHG emissions which contribute to global warming. In addition, the systematic model can be easily popularized into other Chinese cities even other Asian developing cities, thereby possibly promoting the sustainable waste management of China and Asian countries. / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14928号 / 工博第3155号 / 新制||工||1473(附属図書館) / 27366 / UT51-2009-M842 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 松岡 譲, 教授 森澤 眞輔, 准教授 倉田 学児 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

В работе рассматривается n-мерная дискретная модель, которая описывает динамику взаимодействия n потребителей. В рамках детерминированного анализа были построены карты режимов и бифуркационные диаграммы, описаны бифуркационные сценарии. Были обнаружены и описаны зоны мультистабильности системы, построены бассейны притяжения аттракторов. Далее в работе рассматривается стохастический вариант модели. Было изучено воздействие на систему аддитивного и параметрического шумов. С помощью функции стохастической чувствительности был проведен сравнительный анализ чувствительности равновесий и циклов. Опираясь на метод доверительных областей получены значения интенсивности шума, при которых наблюдаются индуцированные шумом явления. / The paper considers n-dimensional discrete model that describes the interaction dynamics of n consumers. As a part of the deterministic analysis, 2- and 1- parameter bifurcation diagrams were plotted, bifurcation scenarios were described. Multistability zones of the system were found and investigated, basins of attraction were plotted. Then, a stochastic version of the model is studied. The effect of additive and parametric noise on the system was described. Using the stochastic sensitivity function, a comparative analysis of the sensitivity of equilibria and cycles was carried out. Based on the method of confidence domains, the values of noise intensity, at which noise-induced phenomena can be observed, are obtained.

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