Diploma thesis is focused on labour market flexibility in the Czech Republic and rate of unemployment in the district Kutna Hora. Study is divided into three parts. First main chapter is analyzing the rate of unemployment and its evolution in Kutna Hora. Main employers of the area are mentioned. Second part is referring to the problem of unemployment generally (problem of education, gender, length of unemployment). Third last part is related to the Taiwanese Foxconn Company which was founded in 2008 and has its head office in Kutna Hora and represents the strongest employer in the area. The main purpose of this thesis is to show the impact of Foxconn Company on Czech labour market and the situation of the rate of unemployment in district Kutna Hora between 2005 and 2010. Conclusion part includes a few recommendations.

The thesis Italy: economy and regional differentiation deals in the first place with the current problem of the state of Italian economy influenced by the global economic crisis and secondly it looks at the underdevelopment of South Italian regions. In connection with the economic crisis the thesis describes measures adopted by the Italian government in order to reduce negative effects of the crisis on the economy and employment. These measures, especially the fiscal stimulus, belonged to the lowest in Europe also by reason of the huge general government gross debt. The second part of the thesis looks at the problem of the regional differentiation among the regions of the North and the South of Italy. South Italian regions suffer from underdevelopment, high rate of unemployment and low rate of employment and these problems haven't been successfully solved even after many years of their existence. The unfavourable situation in South Italian regions has moreover been worsened by the unstable political situation, corruption and activities of the organised crime. These obstacles are widely spread in Italy also according to the research of the World Economic Forum. It was supposed that the underdevelopment of South Italian regions would reduce as a result of the implementation of European Structural funds. The main part of the financial resources assigned to Italy goes to the South and so it was expected that the influence in southern regions would prove to be remarkable. Unfortunately, even after expiration of three programming periods just a little positive impact on the alleviation of regional disparities in Italy was proved. The quality of implementation especially in the South is affected by irregularities and frauds and the executed projects are often ineffective. This thesis comes to the conclusion that just a minimal convergence takes place among italian regions and the EU Structural funds failed to meet their main objective in Italy.

This thesis makes the task of clearly from many angles to describe and analyze the corporate reorganization in Kordárna, Inc. An important part of this plan is certainly describe "new" Insolvency law, the commercial law marks a significant step towards convergence to the West business law. Kordárna , Inc. the company came to the existential problems in the beginning of the year 2009 that lenders with a new crisis management handled the reorganization of the company. It was one of the first applications of the new reorganization law in that scope, which introduced this kind of solution. The emphasis of my work is primarily placed on the causes of problems and that the company pursued a number of different methods, which have to give a comprehensive view of the causes of various angles. My work also deals with the reorganization itself. An important passage is the comparison of solutions of bankruptcy and corporate reorganization, which is why the work has the support of the new insolvency law.

A presente dissertação trata das relações entre os momentos críticos da economia e os usos e adaptações do direito econômico no contexto de crise. Como recorte específico, estudou-se a influência da crise econômica brasileira da década de 1980 sobre a cultura jurídica, em especial sobre o pensamento jurídico que se ocupou do direito econômico. No primeiro capítulo, o direito econômico é apresentado em sua dimensão histórica, ressaltando como fases de crise contribuíram para sua formação doutrinária e legislativa. Adiante, são mostradas manifestações do direito econômico no Brasil entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960, antes da consolidação científica da área, de forma a evidenciar as respostas dos juristas às transformações e adversidades da economia nacional em um período marcado pelo crescimento da atuação do Estado no domínio econômico. Já no capítulo derradeiro, em conjunto com uma análise panorâmica da economia brasileira durante as décadas de 1970 e 1990, são apresentadas manifestações de juristas acerca de temas vinculados à crise econômica nacional, utilizando-se como divisões do texto as formas institucionais sugeridas pela escola regulacionista. / This dissertation links the critical moments of the economy and the uses and adaptations of the economic law in the context of crisis. As specific focus, we studied the influence of the Brazilian economic crisis of the 1980s on the legal culture, particularly on the legal thinking concerning the economic law. In the first chapter, the economic law is presented in its historical dimension, emphasizing how periods of crisis contributed to its doctrinal and legislative development. Following this line, we demonstrate manifestations of economic law in Brazil between the 1930s and 1960s, before the scientific consolidation of the area, in order to show the answers of lawyers and legal scholars to the changes and adversitys of the national economy in a period marked by the growth of state action in the economic domain. In the last chapter, together with an overview of the Brazilian economy during the 1970s and 1990s, we present legal topics related to the national economic crisis, using as text divisions the institutional forms suggested by the regulation school.

Após o período de abertura comercial ocorrido a partir de 1990, tem-se observado um amplo movimento de reestruturação produtiva no país, com implicações econômicas, sociais e espaciais. No Médio Vale do Itajaí, estas modificações também vêm sendo observadas. Desta forma, a pesquisa procurou detectar as causas, avaliar as conseqüências, principalmente do ponto de vista de uma nova organização produtiva do espaço. Como agente principal desse processo, considerou-se a grande empresa têxtil. Para tanto, procedeu-se a um amplo levantamento de informações junto as principais empresas têxteis e do vestuário da região em consideração, que posteriormente foram agregadas com o intuito de permitir estabelecer algumas conclusões, a respeito do que efetivamente vinha ocorrendo. Além disso, análises considerando-se as grandes empresas também foram realizadas. Dentre as principais informações que se levantou estão a produção individual das empresas, que foram agregas, dados referente aos níveis de empregos, exportações, importações, etc. Além das informações de natureza quantitativa, procurou-se também levantar informações de natureza qualitativa, que devidamente consideradas, permitiram estabelecer as causas determinantes do processo de reestruturação produtiva observado na região. Como ponto de partida do processo de mudanças no cotidiano das grandes empresas, contestou-se a tese que atribuía a abertura comercial papel preponderante como nas transformações espaciais e econômicas que ocorreram na região. Propõe-se uma análise considerando-se a queda da rentabilidade do capital como causa determinante do processo. Desta forma, dado a natureza do tipo de atividade, ou seja, a têxtil vestuarista, constatou-se de que o processo de reestruturação, além de implicar em fortes investimentos tecnológicos, envolveu também a desverticalizaçao da produção, na sua forma de terceirização, implicando, portanto, numa dimensão espacial do processo. Além de forte desemprego num primeiro momento, fruto de uma reorganização da produção em nível de cada empresa, houve também desativações de linhas de produtos, criação de novos produtos, bem como uma forte flexibilização das relações capital trabalho, com implicações significativas sobre os salários pagos na região. Após esse amplo ajuste ocorrido, verificou-se um crescimento ainda maior nos níveis de produção, não obstante as importações ainda estivessem ocorrendo, apontando claramente de que o processo não tinha nenhuma correlação. Paralelamente a uma maior introdução de novas tecnologias, na sua forma de máquinas e equipamentos mais modernos, observa-se também o resgate de antigas formas de organização da produção, como o trabalho a domicilio, evidenciando que o processo de modernização, neste caso em particular, não pode prescindir de utilizar-se de expedientes que já eram considerados como arcaicos, ultrapassados. O capital, na sua busca por intensificar a mais valia, visando ampliar a acumulação, não deixa de recorrer a antigas técnicas e expedientes quando lhe for conveniente. Diante disto, o fenômeno da reestruturação produtiva ocorrido na região implicou numa ampla reestruturação do espaço, incorporando, via forte terceirização de partes do processo, principalmente a parte de costura, novas regiões produtivas, algumas das quais muito distantes do Médio vale do Itajaí. / After the commercial opening period in the 1990s, it was noticed a wide movement to restructure production in the country that brought implications to the economic, social and space fields. In the Médio Vale of Itajaí this modifications have also been observed mainly from a point of view of a new spatial productive organization. The big textile business is considered the main agent of this process. A broad survey was carried on in order to get information from the main clothing and textile companies from this region. Besides that, analyses of the big companies were also done. Among the most important information taken it can be seen individual production of the companies as well as data related to the levels of job, imports, exports, etc. Quantitative and qualitative information were used which allowed establishing the determinant causes of the process of productive restructure observed in the region. As a starting point of the changing process in the routine of the big companies, the thesis that the commercial opening played a preponderant role in the spatial and economic transformations of the region was contested. An analyses considering the fall of the capital profitability as a determinant cause of the process was instead proposed. This way, given the nature of this kind of activity, clothing textile, it was observed that the restructure process, besides leading to significant technological investments, involved also the desverticalization of the production, which means outsourcing, influencing, therefore, the spatial dimension of the process. As a result, unemployment could be seen, because of the production reorganization of each company as well as the cutting of some production lines, the creation of new products, and a strong flexibilization of the capital-work relations, with significant implications over the region salaries. After this broad adjustment, a bigger grow in the level of production was verified, although the imports were still present, pointing clearly to the fact that the process had no correlation. Parallel to a bigger introduction of new technologies, in the form of more modern machinery and equipment, it was observed the return to old ways of organization production, as the work at home, fact that put into evidence that the modernization process, in this specific case, cannot avoid using devices considered old-fashioned. The capital, in its search for intensifying the best value, focusing in broadening the accumulation, uses old techniques and devices whenever convenient. Thus the productive restructure of the region implied in a wide spatial restructuration, with the outsourcing of some parts of the process, mainly sewing, new productive regions, including some of them far from the Médio Vale do Itajaí.

Submitted by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-22T12:39:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus Baldo Cordeiro.pdf: 1423668 bytes, checksum: 1d8af65d79d5d90569231d6981b685b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-22T12:41:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus Baldo Cordeiro.pdf: 1423668 bytes, checksum: 1d8af65d79d5d90569231d6981b685b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-22T12:41:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus Baldo Cordeiro.pdf: 1423668 bytes, checksum: 1d8af65d79d5d90569231d6981b685b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-22T12:45:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Matheus Baldo Cordeiro.pdf: 1423668 bytes, checksum: 1d8af65d79d5d90569231d6981b685b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / In an increasingly globalized world, firm internationalization has become a major strategy for companies to be competitive in the market. However, firms are facing turbulent times such as economic crisis. The recession effects are extensively studied in the economic field and it proves that these periods are inevitable. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies in the management field, considering the economic crisis effects, and even more particularly, focusing on the multinational enterprises’ subsidiaries performance during recession times. This study intends to analyze and comprehend which are the relevant aspects for these subsidiaries to achieve a good performance and, therefore, they remain competitive during economic crisis in the market they operate. To investigate the effect, we analyze the case of Japanese subsidiaries located in the European market during pre-crisis and post-crisis, that started in the US and spread all over the world. It was used longitudinal data including the years between 2006 and 2013. A linear regression with panel data and fixed effects had been applied to generate the models used for the analysis. The results show how internal aspects related to accumulated experience, entry mode considering the same nationality of partners and the amount of expatriated staffs, as well as macroeconomic external aspects involving low inflation rate and population income indicators, impacted positively in the Japanese subsidiary performance during crisis periods. The performance is also higher when considering pre-crisis period. / Em um mundo cada vez mais globalizado, a internacionalização de empresas tem se tornando cada vez mais uma importante estratégia para ser competitivo no mercado. Entretanto, as empresas se deparam com períodos de turbulência, como as crises econômicas. Os efeitos de recessões são bastante estudados na área econômica e provam que estes períodos são inevitáveis. Porém, nota-se uma escassez de estudos na área de administração, que considerem o efeito da crise econômica e, mais ainda, no que tange ao desempenho de subsidiárias estrangeiras de empresas multinacionais durante este período recessivo. Este estudo tem o intuito de analisar e compreender quais os aspectos relevantes para que estas subsidiárias obtenham um bom desempenho e assim se mantenham competitivas durante as crises econômicas no mercado em que atuam. Para investigar este efeito, foi analisado o comportamento das subsidiárias estrangeiras de empresas japonesas localizadas no continente europeu nos períodos pré- e pós-crise econômica, que se iniciou nos Estados Unidos em 2008 e se estendeu para todo o mundo. Utilizou-se de dados longitudinais englobando o período de 2006 a 2013. Foi empregada a regressão múltipla com dados em painel com efeitos fixos para a geração dos modelos utilizados para análise. Os resultados mostram que aspectos internos relacionados ao acúmulo da experiência local, modo de entrada utilizando parceiros da mesma nacionalidade e a quantidade de expatriados, como também aspectos externos macroeconômicos como menor taxa de inflação e indicadores de renda da população, impactam positivamente no desempenho da subsidiária estrangeira durante o período da crise. Esta performance também se mostra superior nos anos que antecedem a crise econômica.

Esta tese estuda a criação de municípios no Brasil contemporâneo, observando o fenômeno de uma parte de tais emancipações terem ocorrido em seguida à implantação de políticas públicas no território pertinente. Investigará esta relação causal hipotética, atribuível a um efeito territorial imprevisto da ação estatal: a criação de municípios. O recorte temático será limitado à política pública de reforma agrária, analisando a contribuição da implantação de assentamentos para as emancipações municipais no Rio Grande do Sul das décadas de 80 e 90 do século XX. Considerará os dados obtidos sob as referências teóricas e explicativas empregadas, a partir de Claus Offe e Jürgen Habermas, sob duas dimensões do contexto da sociedade brasileira, à época: a resposta à crise econômica nas chamadas “Décadas Perdidas” e o exercício da cidadania na redemocratização formal do país. A análise é conclusiva na verificação das hipóteses de trabalho, definidas a partir de um modelo adotado e para cujas características encontrou-se equivalência analógica nos municípios classificados a partir de indícios empíricos. A interpretação dos resultados permite a associação do fenômeno pesquisado à categoria de mudança qualitativa, conforme o sentido em que esta é utilizada na síntese da atualidade social, política e ideológica realizada por István Mészáros. / The present thesis studies the creation of municipalities (districts) in modern Brazil, observing the phenomenon that part of such emancipations have occurred soon after the implementation of public policies in the relevant territory. The study will investigate this hypothetical effect relation, which might be attributed to an unforeseen territorial effect of state action: the creation of municipalities (district creation). The thematic focus of the thesis will be limited to the public policy of agrarian reform, analyzing the establishment of settlements’ contribution for municipal emancipation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul from the 80’s and 90’s from the twentieth century. This study will consider the data obtained under theoretical and explanatory references given by Claus Offe and Jürgen Habermas, under two dimensions of Brazilian society context at the time: the response to the economic crisis in the so-called “Lost Decades " and the exercise of citizenship in the country’s formal re-democratization. The study’s analysis is conclusive in verifying the work hypothesis, defined from an adopted model, and for which characteristics it was found analogical equivalence in the classified municipalities from empirical evidences. The results interpretation allow the researched phenomenon to be associated to the qualitative change’s category, according to the meaning which it is used in current social, political and ideological synthesis made by István Mészáros.

The goal of this diploma thesis is analysis impacts of business cycle on automotive industry in the Czech Republic in 2006-2011 with exclusive focusing on passenger cars. Impacts of business cycle on automotive industry in the Czech Republic are researched on domestic demand development for new passenger cars and on production, domestic sales and export of the three biggest czech automobile producers. Impacts of business cycle on domestic demand for new passenger cars are analyzed with helping numbers of first registrations in the concrete car segments. Development of czech demand for new cars and automotive production in 2006-2011 is compared to demand and passenger cars production development in Germany, Japan and in the USA. The analysis shows that czech demand for new cars was influenced by economic situation in the Czech Republic in 2006-2011. Influence of czech business cycle on automotive production in the Czech Republic was much smaller than influence of business cycle on czech demand for new passenger cars in 2006-2011. This fact is due to significant pro-export orientation of czech automotive production.

Argentina, throughout its history, has fallen prey to a unique brand of “exceptionalism.” While it is well-endowed with both the physical and demographic inputs to successful economic growth and development, its story has been defined by a consistent inability to reach its economic potential. This work examines how the nation’s political economy dynamics create an environment that is not conducive to long-term economic development. Through an analysis of both historical factors and the country’s present situation, it focuses on how the primacy of short-term factors has become entrenched in the economic policymaking process. The discussion is comprised of a fusion of economic, political, sociological, and psychological elements, which join together in attempting to explain the duration, magnitude, and repetitive nature of Argentina’s economic woes. This exploration of the past, the present, and their interaction offers insight into the specific factors that continue to keep Argentina from achieving a sustainable development path.

Els reptes d’adaptació de professionals amb una mentalitat quantitativa tancada: Persones certes en temps incerts Aquesta tesi se centra en una mentalitat especial que trobem en professions quantitatives i tècniques. Es tracta de persones amb una mentalitat matemàtica (Toulmin, 2001) molt tancada, que algunes vegades s’esforcen en tractar la realitat més ambigua i incerta de les organitzacions actuals. Aquestes persones, a les que aquesta anàlisi es refereix amb el nom de Quants, generalment s’obsessionen per a l’objectivitat i la predictibilitat (Porter, 1985) i formen part d’una cultura molt forta (Kundra, 2002), normalment associada a disciplines quantitatives, però es poden trobar en qualsevol professió. L’estudi enfoca aquest tema des del punt de vista de la identitat professional i empra narratives com una forma d’anàlisi. El seu objecte és l’estudi de narratives de persones a través de mètodes etnogràfics i entrevistes obertes, per entendre com els professionals de vegades s’esforcen en “mantenir el desenvolupament de les seves narratives” (Giddens, 1991) i empren tècniques d’identitat en el treball (Ibarra, 1999; Pratt, 2006) per resoldre tensions. Els quatre casos de Quants del present estudi mostren quatre prototips de transformació d’identitat professional i com cada persona reacciona de manera diferent en cada cas, així com els diferents efectes subseqüents en les mentalitats individuals. Una gran part de l’estudi es va desenvolupar durant la crisi econòmica del 2008 i, en un cas, els efectes de la crisi en la identitat individual són dramàtics. Mentre que l’estudi no s’ha concentrat en la crisi econòmica del 2008, si que es centra en la mentalitat que era prevalent durant la crisi i que, en certa manera, va influir en ella; aquesta mentalitat d’individus que tracten de predir els esdeveniments socials, de reduir la incertesa a càlculs de risc, d’argumentar que els mercats es corregeixen a si mateixos i de creure que més informació produeix més certesa (Blyth 2010; Taleb 2007; Fox, 2009). / Los desafíos de la adaptación de profesionales con una mentalidad cuantitativa cerrada: Individuos ciertos en tiempos inciertos Esta tesis se centra en una mentalidad especial que encontramos en profesiones cuantitativas y técnicas. Se trata de individuos con una mentalidad matemática (Toulmin, 2001) muy cerrada, que algunas veces se esfuerzan en tratar la realidad más ambigua e incierta de las organizaciones actuales. Estos individuos, a los cuales este análisis se refiere con el nombre de Quants, generalmente se obsesionan por la objetividad y la predictibilidad (Porter, 1985) y forman parte de una cultura muy fuerte (Kundra, 2002), normalmente asociada a disciplinas cuantitativas, pero se pueden encontrar en cualquier profesión. El estudio enfoca este tema desde el punto de vista de la identidad profesional, y usa narrativas como una forma de análisis. Su objeto es el estudio de narrativas de individuos, a través de métodos etnográficos y de entrevistas abiertas, para comprender como los profesionales a veces se esfuerzan en “mantener el desarrollo de sus narrativas” (Giddens, 1991) y usan técnicas de identidad en el trabajo (Ibarra, 1999; Pratt, 2006) para resolver tensiones. Los cuatro casos de Quants de este estudio muestran cuatro prototipos de transformación de identidad profesional y como cada individuo reacciona de modo diferente en cada caso, así como los distintos efectos subsiguientes en las mentalidades individuales. Una gran parte del estudio se desarrolló durante la crisis económica del 2008 y, en un caso, los efectos de la crisis en la identidad del individuo son dramáticos. Mientras que el estudio no se ha concentrado en la crisis económica del 2008, si que se centra en la mentalidad que era prevalente durante la crisis y que, en cierto modo, influyó en ella; esta mentalidad de individuos que tratan de predecir sucesos sociales, de reducir la incerteza a cálculos de riesgo, de argumentar que los mercados se corrigen a sí mismos y de creer que más información produce más certeza (Blyth 2010; Taleb 2007; Fox, 2009). / The Adaptation Challenges of Quantitatively Minded Professionals: Certain Individuals in Uncertain Times This dissertation focuses on a particular mentality found often in the quantitative and technical, professions. It is one of mathematically minded individuals (Toulmin 2001), with a fairly closed mentality, who sometimes struggle in dealing with the more ambiguous and uncertain reality of today’s organizations. These individuals, referred to as Quants in this analysis, are usually obsessed with objectivity and prediction (Porter 1985) and form part of a particular strong culture (Kunda 2002) usually within Quantitative disciplines, but can also be found in all types of professions. The study takes a professional identity development approach to looking at this subject using narratives as the form of analysis. The objective is to study the narratives of the individuals in each case using ethnographic and open-interview methods so as to understand how the professionals sometimes struggle to “keep their narratives going” (Giddens, 1991) and use identity work techniques (Ibarra 1999, Pratt 2006) to resolve tensions. The Four cases of Quants in the study show four prototypes of professional identity transformation and how each individual reacts differently in each case with the subsequent different effects on the individual mentalities. Much of the study takes part during the Economic crisis of 2008 and in one case the affects of this Crisis on the individual’s identity transformation is quite dramatic. While this study has not focused on the Economic Crisis of 2008, it does focus on a mentality which was very prevalent during the Crisis, and influenced it to some extent, that of individuals who seek to predict social outcomes, reduce uncertainty to risk calculations, argue that markets are self correcting and believe that the more information the more certainty (Blyth 2010, Taleb 2007, Fox 2009).