Submitted in fulfilment or partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION in the Department of Philosophy of Education at the University of Zululand, 1987. / One of the great issues of the present time in the Republic of South Africa is the problem of all members of the school-going population securing equal educational opportunities. All pupils basically have the freedom to learn. However, pupils cannot reach their full development when denied equal educational opportunities. Educationt positively acknowledges both the communal factors and the diversity of religious and cultural life-styles and languages of the inhabitants. These diversities in the different cultural groups in South Africa are presently receiving structural prominence. The problem, however, justly raised is whether sufficient prominence is being given to commonalities. Very little binding exists between f the heterogenous cultural groups in the R.S.A. Serious polarisation exists and this is apparent in many fields including education. In education in particular this alienation, distrust and anomalous behaviour is examplified by disruption of school programmes in many ways. The question of how education may fulfil a more constructive binding function in such a heterogenous divided society was therefore a problem necessitating problem solving research. The aim of the study was therefore to discover educationally acceptable values of promoting undestanding for, and empathy towards one another among R.S.A. cultural groups. To seek communal factors in the establishment of identity and individual cultural identity and, finally, to seek the achievement and maintainance of common high standards of educational provision in respect of schools, and other educational institutions, and support services. / Sperry; the Ernst and Ethel Eriksen Trust; and the University of Zululand.

Purposes The present paper employs public discourses, in the form of policy documents from the OECD, EU and the UN, news and popular media, to explore how economic and political subjectivities simultaneously emerge and are obfuscated in the ubiquitous discourses on education that are dominated by neoliberal ideas (Ball, 2006; Buras & Apple, 2005).  Perspectives and theoretical framework One point of departure are the notions of “interdiscursivity” and “medialization of politics,” which point to how discourses are rearticulated in different contexts, drawing on each other, and thereby both affirming and displacing each other, and to how politics is made intelligible in public media (Fairclough, 1995; 2000). Another point of departure is the notions of assemblages and flight lines (Deleuze & Guattari, 2004). These concepts enable us to understand the neoliberal education discourse as an open, ambiguous and undecided assemblage, and to explore how this assemblage makes possible differing educational aims and subject positions.  Methods The argument is based on discourse analysis of transnational policy documents and news and popular media from different nations. The aim of the analysis is to explore what economic and political subject positions are made possible in these different data sets.  Results and Arguments Although the tenants of neoliberalism are dominant, they are not totally hegemonic. In both the policy documents and the public media data, there are simultaneous articulations of a neoliberal educational discourse and a discourse of education as a tool to enhance democracy and create social justice. Furthermore, these discourses inform and are often intertwined with each other.   The transnational policy documents predominantly articulate education as possibilities. There are, however, salient differences between the OECD and EU documents, and the UN documents. Although all emphasize what education can do for the nations, the former stress education as a prerequisite for economic progress, whereas the latter stress eliminating poverty, fostering democracy, and empowering individuals and subordinated groups. In this way, the OECD and EU documents constitute subjectivities in relation to a market focused on how learners can contribute to a growing economy, whereas the UN documents constitute political subjects who can contribute to society through political interventions.  News and public media are dominated by articulations of an education system in a state of “crisis”. The arguments for these representations and the solutions brought forward are drawn from a neoliberal discourse focused on competition, marketization, free choice, and private initiatives, but there is also a parallel and intersecting discourse of education as a means to give subordinated subjects opportunities for a better life. However, these discourses mainly point to economic rather than to political subjectivities, who hold their future in their own hands by making the right choices and working hard. This is not completely unambiguous, as media representations, especially in the popular media, also depict resistance and constitute subjectivities who subvert the neoliberal hegemony and who insist on the political (Mouffe, 2005). These subversions open the door to notions of education as practices that not only stabilize, but also destabilize and change society. / Class in neoliberal education discourses

Este trabalho de investigação estabeleceu como objetivos principais identificar as principais dificuldades técnicas e pedagógicas na utilização do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle por parte dos professores de uma instituição de nível superior, e, ainda, propor sugestões de ações para a superação das dificuldades apresentadas. A pesquisa realizada foi de caráter qualitativo, sendo que a coleta de dados envolveu, num primeiro momento, um questionário respondido por vinte e cinco professores, e, num segundo momento, por uma entrevista semiestruturada com cinco professores selecionados do grupo inicial. Na análise do corpus, constituído pelas respostas das questões do questionário e pelas falas dos professores na entrevista semiestruturada, utilizou-se o método de análise textual discursiva. Para o suporte teórico deste trabalho, foi utilizada a teoria sóciointeracionista de Vigotski, e os principais conceitos considerados dessa teoria foram interação, mediação e zona de desenvolvimento proximal. A partir da análise do corpus, foi possível identificar algumas dificuldades enfrentadas no uso do Moodle pelos professores participantes da investigação; propor ações de melhoria em sua capacitação, bem como ações de divulgação e conscientização do uso do Moodle por professores e alunos; e desafiar o professor a uma reflexão acerca do uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação na Educação. Os resultados desse estudo indicam que o uso do Moodle pode desencadear mudanças na prática educativa do professor, levando-o a uma possível quebra de paradigma, no sentido de mudar a sua concepção pedagógica e epistemológica, alterando a prática de ensino diretivo para uma prática que privilegie o ensino construtivista. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-03T14:20:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ademar Felipe Fey.pdf: 8418540 bytes, checksum: 63cc7c5241e396c3156ec95c75b23a3f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-03T14:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ademar Felipe Fey.pdf: 8418540 bytes, checksum: 63cc7c5241e396c3156ec95c75b23a3f (MD5) / This study has established as its main objectives to identify the main pedagogical and technical difficulties in using the Moodle virtual learning environment for teachers of an institution of higher education and propose suggestions for actions to overcome the difficulties presented. The research was qualitative, being that the data were collected, at first, a questionnaire for twenty-five teachers, and a second time, by a semi-structured interviews with five teachers selected from the group home. To the analysis of the corpus, consisting of the responses of the questionnaire and the speech of teachers in semi-structured interview, was used the method of textual analysis of discourse. For the theoretical support of this work was used the social interactionist theory of Vygotsky and the main concepts of this theory were considered interaction, mediation and zone of proximal development. From the analysis of the corpus was possible to identify some difficulties in the use of Moodle for teachers to research and proposing actions to improve their skills, as well as actions of dissemination and awareness of the use of Moodle for teachers and students, well as challenging the teacher to reflect on the use of information and communication technologies in education. The results of this study indicate that the use of Moodle can trigger a change in educational practice of the teacher, leading him to a possible paradigm shift in order to change their epistemological and pedagogical design, changing the practice of directive teaching to a practice that promotes constructivist teaching.

Este trabalho de investigação estabeleceu como objetivos principais identificar as principais dificuldades técnicas e pedagógicas na utilização do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem Moodle por parte dos professores de uma instituição de nível superior, e, ainda, propor sugestões de ações para a superação das dificuldades apresentadas. A pesquisa realizada foi de caráter qualitativo, sendo que a coleta de dados envolveu, num primeiro momento, um questionário respondido por vinte e cinco professores, e, num segundo momento, por uma entrevista semiestruturada com cinco professores selecionados do grupo inicial. Na análise do corpus, constituído pelas respostas das questões do questionário e pelas falas dos professores na entrevista semiestruturada, utilizou-se o método de análise textual discursiva. Para o suporte teórico deste trabalho, foi utilizada a teoria sóciointeracionista de Vigotski, e os principais conceitos considerados dessa teoria foram interação, mediação e zona de desenvolvimento proximal. A partir da análise do corpus, foi possível identificar algumas dificuldades enfrentadas no uso do Moodle pelos professores participantes da investigação; propor ações de melhoria em sua capacitação, bem como ações de divulgação e conscientização do uso do Moodle por professores e alunos; e desafiar o professor a uma reflexão acerca do uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação na Educação. Os resultados desse estudo indicam que o uso do Moodle pode desencadear mudanças na prática educativa do professor, levando-o a uma possível quebra de paradigma, no sentido de mudar a sua concepção pedagógica e epistemológica, alterando a prática de ensino diretivo para uma prática que privilegie o ensino construtivista. / This study has established as its main objectives to identify the main pedagogical and technical difficulties in using the Moodle virtual learning environment for teachers of an institution of higher education and propose suggestions for actions to overcome the difficulties presented. The research was qualitative, being that the data were collected, at first, a questionnaire for twenty-five teachers, and a second time, by a semi-structured interviews with five teachers selected from the group home. To the analysis of the corpus, consisting of the responses of the questionnaire and the speech of teachers in semi-structured interview, was used the method of textual analysis of discourse. For the theoretical support of this work was used the social interactionist theory of Vygotsky and the main concepts of this theory were considered interaction, mediation and zone of proximal development. From the analysis of the corpus was possible to identify some difficulties in the use of Moodle for teachers to research and proposing actions to improve their skills, as well as actions of dissemination and awareness of the use of Moodle for teachers and students, well as challenging the teacher to reflect on the use of information and communication technologies in education. The results of this study indicate that the use of Moodle can trigger a change in educational practice of the teacher, leading him to a possible paradigm shift in order to change their epistemological and pedagogical design, changing the practice of directive teaching to a practice that promotes constructivist teaching.

Orientador: Jair Lopes Júnior / Banca: Ana Maria de Andrade Caldeira / Banca: Sérgio Vasconcelos de Luna / Resumo: Os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais da área de Ciências Naturais para as séries iniciais do ensino fundamental preconizam, como objetivos de ensino, a aquisição e o desenvolvimento de distintas capacidades que, em última instância, são inferidas a partir de "fazeres" dos alunos. Contudo, propor orientações didáticas consistentes com o tratamento curricular desses "fazeres" (saber fazer como conteúdo curricular) mostra-se insuficiente para induzir mudanças em práticas de ensino comprometidas com a transmissão de conteúdos conceituais no ensino de Ciências. Esse estudo avaliou se interações planejadas entre o pesquisador e professoras das séries iniciais para o planejamento e a execução de duas unidades didáticas contribuiriam para a construção de conhecimentos sobre saberes docentes associados com a seleção de objetivos de ensino, com a escolha de práticas de ensino e de avaliação compatíveis com tais objetivos e com a interpretação das medidas de aprendizagem. Participaram quatro professoras do 2º ciclo (3ª e 4ª séries) do ensino fundamental da rede estadual de ensino. Todas as atividades de coleta de dados foram realizadas na própria escola. Na Fase I ocorreu a caracterização das práticas educativas, por meio de entrevistas e de atividades de observação das aulas ministradas pelas participantes. Na Fase II ocorreram interações entre o pesquisador e cada professora individualmente para o planejamento, a elaboração e a execução de uma unidade didática (UD1) sobre tema da área de Ciências Naturais selecionado pela professora. Em entrevistas realizadas na Fase III foram comparadas as aulas ministradas antes e após a UD1. Em seguida, nas Fases IV, V e VI ocorreram o planejamento, a execução e a avaliação da segunda unidade didática... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work investigated educational practice about science teaching in primary school, regarding the different curricular contents modalities. The aim was evaluated if planned intervention between researcher and four in-service public primary teachers to elaborate and to carry out a didactic unit could support the development of skills related with procedural content teaching and assessment. The data were gathered in teachers' school in the following sequence: a) interviews and class observations; b) planning, performing and observing two didactic units; c) didactic units evaluation. The didactic units performed showed larger teaching acts diversity than previous teachers' practices. Also, educational practices about didactic units allowed the development and emission of different behavioral measures concerned to selected teaching purposes. To search for procedures that could promote primary teachers' autonomy in selection and performance of these educational practices connected with teaching professional qualification programs about conceptual knowledge or content (facts, principles and concepts) in natural science domain justify the continuance of related studies. / Mestre

The study challenges current literature, which views the notion of problem-finding as the initial identification of a problem to be solved. The concept of problem-finding in this study is that problem-finding continues throughout the problem-solving process and is not distinct from it. This thesis aims to develop a better understanding of problem-finding by examining high school students using problem-finding to solve industrial design problems. The study seeks to find out what types of problem-finding exist and what roles they play in solving design problems. To explore problem-finding, this study uses a Think Aloud methodology to examine the thinking of three high school industrial design students and one high school industrial design teacher solving an authentic industrial design problem. Protocol data was gathered from the subjects and then transcribed, segmented and analysed in three ways, each of which became progressively more specific: Firstly, a macroscopic examination which identified problem-finding episodes occurring throughout the design process; secondly, a microscopic examination which identified four categories of problem-finding; and lastly, a microscopic examination which looked at the role played by the different problem-finding categories in solving design problems. The findings of this study are fourfold. Firstly, problem-finding was found to be used throughout the entire design process. Secondly, there were four categories of problemfinding. Thirdly, each category played an important role predominantly through interaction with other categories. Lastly, the more experienced a person was, the more able they were to use problem-finding effectively to solve design problems. Many current practices use trial and error methods to solve design problems. The importance of this study is that through a better understanding of problem-finding, designers may be able to use metacognitive strategies more efficiently in the process. Similarly, in educational practice, high school design students may be able to learn to think about the methods they use to solve design problems, and this may result in more creative designs.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-10-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:29:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moutinho_mas_me_prud.pdf: 401166 bytes, checksum: 1c5f52ecd472ab9c0bbe6366291874e4 (MD5) / Secretaria Estadual de Educação / Esta pesquisa objetiva a identificação das práticas de leitura usadas nas aulas de Geografia e das dificuldades de leitura apresentadas pelos alunos, além de verificar como os docentes desta disciplina vêm incorporando as habilidades de leitura avaliadas pelo Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP) em suas práticas na sala de aula. Para isto propus realizar uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, identificada com o Estudo de Caso. Na busca de uma maior compreensão do fenômeno estudado optei por realizar a triangulação de dados coletados através dos procedimentos mais comuns ao Estudo de Caso: a entrevista, a observação e a análise de documentos. Estes instrumentos foram precedidos de um questionário com a intenção de caracterizar os sujeitos da pesquisa. Os dados coletados são analisados em duas partes: a concepção de leitura dos professores sujeitos da pesquisa e a participação no cotidiano da escola. Os resultados revelaram que as práticas de leitura mais comuns nas aulas destes professores são: a leitura oral de trechos do texto pelos alunos, entremeada pela explicação do professor e a leitura silenciosa para a realização de atividades propostas pelos livros didáticos ou pelos professores. O material de leitura mais utilizado é o livro didático. A pesquisa apontou também que os professores se preocupam com a leitura e a identificam como algo importante no ensino de Geografia. Mas o que mais parece interferir no trabalho com a leitura é a ausência da aprendizagem das estratégias de leitura como meio para o aluno dominar as habilidades que levam à compreensão dos textos. Este fato gera o distanciamento entre o “discurso” do professor e a sua prática, tornando relevante o contato desses professores, na sua formação inicial e continuada, com o conhecimento sobre a leitura, que deve constar também... / The focus of the research is the practice of reading at Geography classes and students’ difficulties on reading. At the same time the research observed how teachers make daily use of reading abilities, in classroom, as evaluated by “Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo” (SARESP). The methodology is based on a Qualitative Approaches through a Case Study. To turn the research into a trustful result the use of comparitive data gives both the researcher or the readers a clear understanding of the case. The techniques used are: the interview, the observation and the documentary analysis. A questionnaire was used in advanced to get to know better the teachers taking part in the research in full and selected them. The information collected was analyzed in two moments which are: the reading conceptions of the teachers and their participation on daily activities at school. The results showed that teachers costumarely asked students to read aloud for part of the time, followed by the teachers’ explanation. After that, the students usually read silently in order to answer the exercises from the book and additional tasks set by the teacher. The most acceptable material used in class is the textbook. The research indicated that theachers’consider reading an important tool for learning Geography. It concerns them that results indicate that our students do not know how to read well and do not understand what they are reading. Another important thing which to come out of the results is that teachers do not know how to use reading procedures in the classroom which might help students to develop abilities and understand what they are reading. In particularly, this situation leads to a gap between what teachers say about their lessons and what they actually do. This fact makes relevant the introduction... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mariano_ml_me_bauru.pdf: 2764007 bytes, checksum: 5f3cfca00231b2aee0cb45f865d59e85 (MD5) / Diante da importância das relações interpessoais de professores e alunos no contexto escolar e da necessidade de intervir nos problemas de comportamento, buscou-se descrever, analisar e discutir práticas educativas e comportamentos infantis nesse contexto. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a prática educativa do professor em lidar com o repertório infantil, considerando crianças com ou sem problemas de comportamento. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa de campo descritiva com abordagem quanti-qualitativa dos dados. Participaram desta pesquisa 16 professoras que indicaram 16 alunos com problemas de comportamento e 16 sem esses problemas, frequentando o 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Foram utilizados três instrumentos de investigação: Habilidades sociais educativas do professor (RE-HSE-PR), que investigam frequencia e qualidade de HSE, além de variáveis de contexto; TRF (6-18) para identificar/confirmar os alunnos com problemas de comportamento mediante escores considerados clínico e não clínico. E, por último, o Questionário de Respostas Socialmente Habilidosas para Professores (QRSH-PR), para descrever habilidades sociais das crianças. Os resultados confirmam parte das hipóteses do estudo, pois as professoras parecem reforçar comportamentos inadequados, mesmo que em suas práticas eduticativas apresentem comportamentos habilidosos, no entando, não houve diminuição dos problemas de comportamento dos alunos. A habilidade de maior expressividade na prática do professor refere-se ao fato de se comunicar; trata-se de uma prática pedagógica satisfatória, porém, apresentada de forma diferenciada para ambos os grupos. Nesse sentido, para o grupo clínico, dá-se maior ênfase à conversa sobre o comportamento inadequado dop aluno e, para o grupo não clínico, estende-se para conversas relacionados a temas diversos e pessoais. / Given the importance of interpersonal relationships of teachers and students in the scholl context and the need to intervene in behavioral problems, we sought to describe, analyze and discuss educational practices and child behavior in this context. Thus, thi study aims to describe the educational practice of teachers in dealing with the repertoire for children, considering children with and without behavior problems. To this end, we carried out field research approach with descriptive qualitative and quantitative data. 16 teachers participated in this survey indicated that 16 students with behavioral problems and 16 without these problems, attending the first grade of elementary school. We used three research instruments; Social skiççs education teacher (RE-HSE-PR), who investigate the frequency and quality of HSE, and context variables; TRF (6-18) to identify / confirm students with behavior problems scores considered by clinical and non clinical. And lastly, the Socially Savvy Quiz Answers to Teachers (QRSH-PR), to describe social skills of children. The results confirm some of the hypotheses of the study, because the teachers seem to reinforce bad behavior, even in their educational practices have skilled behavior, however, there was no decrease in behavior problems of students. The ability to increase the expressiveness of the teacher in practice refers to the fact communicate, it is a satisfactory practice teaching, but presented differently for both groups. Accordingly, for the clinical group, there is greater emphasis on conversation about the student's inappropriate behavior, and for non-patients, extends to discussions related to various topics and personal. This exercise identified that teachers practice differentiated between students who have behavior problems and those who do not have them and even they are savvy, they are proposing on the combined behavior.

Orientador: Ana Maria da Costa Santos Menin / Banca: Lino de Macedo / Banca: Raul Borges Guimarães / Resumo: Esta pesquisa objetiva a identificação das práticas de leitura usadas nas aulas de Geografia e das dificuldades de leitura apresentadas pelos alunos, além de verificar como os docentes desta disciplina vêm incorporando as habilidades de leitura avaliadas pelo Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP) em suas práticas na sala de aula. Para isto propus realizar uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, identificada com o Estudo de Caso. Na busca de uma maior compreensão do fenômeno estudado optei por realizar a triangulação de dados coletados através dos procedimentos mais comuns ao Estudo de Caso: a entrevista, a observação e a análise de documentos. Estes instrumentos foram precedidos de um questionário com a intenção de caracterizar os sujeitos da pesquisa. Os dados coletados são analisados em duas partes: a concepção de leitura dos professores sujeitos da pesquisa e a participação no cotidiano da escola. Os resultados revelaram que as práticas de leitura mais comuns nas aulas destes professores são: a leitura oral de trechos do texto pelos alunos, entremeada pela explicação do professor e a leitura silenciosa para a realização de atividades propostas pelos livros didáticos ou pelos professores. O material de leitura mais utilizado é o livro didático. A pesquisa apontou também que os professores se preocupam com a leitura e a identificam como algo importante no ensino de Geografia. Mas o que mais parece interferir no trabalho com a leitura é a ausência da aprendizagem das estratégias de leitura como meio para o aluno dominar as habilidades que levam à compreensão dos textos. Este fato gera o distanciamento entre o "discurso" do professor e a sua prática, tornando relevante o contato desses professores, na sua formação inicial e continuada, com o conhecimento sobre a leitura, que deve constar também... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The focus of the research is the practice of reading at Geography classes and students' difficulties on reading. At the same time the research observed how teachers make daily use of reading abilities, in classroom, as evaluated by "Sistema de Avaliação do Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo" (SARESP). The methodology is based on a Qualitative Approaches through a Case Study. To turn the research into a trustful result the use of comparitive data gives both the researcher or the readers a clear understanding of the case. The techniques used are: the interview, the observation and the documentary analysis. A questionnaire was used in advanced to get to know better the teachers taking part in the research in full and selected them. The information collected was analyzed in two moments which are: the reading conceptions of the teachers and their participation on daily activities at school. The results showed that teachers costumarely asked students to read aloud for part of the time, followed by the teachers' explanation. After that, the students usually read silently in order to answer the exercises from the book and additional tasks set by the teacher. The most acceptable material used in class is the textbook. The research indicated that theachers'consider reading an important tool for learning Geography. It concerns them that results indicate that our students do not know how to read well and do not understand what they are reading. Another important thing which to come out of the results is that teachers do not know how to use reading procedures in the classroom which might help students to develop abilities and understand what they are reading. In particularly, this situation leads to a gap between what teachers say about their lessons and what they actually do. This fact makes relevant the introduction... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The overarching aim of the present study is to elucidate how preschool teachers and children in their interaction accomplish institutional everyday activities in preschool. What is analyzed, more specifically, is how the preschool teachers and children use certain interactional phenomena as resources when they organize their social interaction. The study is a video-based study and ethnomethodological and conversation analytic perspectives are taken as theoretical and analytical points of departure. This means that parts of the video recorded material has been transcribed in detail and micro analyzed. The results of the study are presented in two empirical chapters where it is shown, in detail, how preschool teachers and children in their interaction accomplish everyday activities in preschool. In particular, it is illuminated how the interactional phenomenon question-answer-sequences can function as an important interactional and educational resource for the participants, when they organize their interaction. Further, the detailed analyses show that since the interaction is being organized through question-answer-sequences, it becomes possible for the teacher to capture and direct the children’s attention towards different mathematical, physical and linguistic contents, in line with the intentions of the curriculum, as well as create a shared experience of these curricula contents in practice. Altogether, the analyses of the study thus show how the educational practice of preschool is being accomplished locally – by preschool teachers and children in interaction. / <p>Licentiatuppsats inom den Nationella forskarskolan för ämnesdidaktik i mångfaldens förskola.</p>