Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-29T21:53:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoPauloFonsecaMelo_TESE.pdf: 2319668 bytes, checksum: d755df184083ad22119fbec79620e5b9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-01T22:03:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoPauloFonsecaMelo_TESE.pdf: 2319668 bytes, checksum: d755df184083ad22119fbec79620e5b9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T22:03:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoPauloFonsecaMelo_TESE.pdf: 2319668 bytes, checksum: d755df184083ad22119fbec79620e5b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-23 / O setor t?xtil ? um dos principais respons?veis pela gera??o de efluentes industriais devido, principalmente, aos grandes volumes de ?gua, que apresentam elevado teor de carga org?nica. Neste, observa-se a presen?a de corantes, tensoativos, amido, alco?is, ?cido ac?tico e outros constituintes, provenientes das v?rias etapas de processamento do material t?xtil. Diante disto, o tratamento destes efluentes ? necess?rio antes de lan??-los nos corpos de ?gua, pois podem causar altera??es f?sicoqu?micas desastrosas para o meio ambiente. Os tensoativos s?o subst?ncias muito utilizadas nos processos de separa??o e, neste trabalho, foram utilizados no tratamento de efluentes t?xteis, aplicando a extra??o por ponto de nuvem e a extra??o por flocula??o i?nica. Na extra??o de corante reativo por ponto de nuvem foi utilizado o tensoativo nonilfenol, com grau de etoxila??o 9,5. A avalia??o do processo foi realizada em termos da temperatura, concentra??o de tensoativo e de corante. Neste processo, a remo??o de corante alcan?ou 91%. A flocula??o i?nica ocorre devido ? presen?a de c?lcio, que reage com tensoativo ani?nico e forma tensoativos insol?veis, capazes de atrair a mat?ria org?nica atrav?s da adsor??o. Neste trabalho, a flocula??o i?nica, utilizando sab?o base, foi aplicada ao tratamento de efluente sint?tico contendo corantes pertencentes a tr?s classes: os diretos, reativos e dispersos. A avalia??o do processo foi realizada pela influ?ncia dos seguintes par?metros: concentra??o de tensoativo e de eletr?litos, velocidade de agita??o, tempo de repouso, temperatura e pH. A flocula??o do tensoativo foi realizada de dois modos: formando o floco no pr?prio efluente e formando o floco antes de mistur?-lo ao efluente. A remo??o do corante direto e reativo, quando o floco ? formado dentro do efluente t?xtil, foi de 97% e 87%, respectivamente. No caso em que o floco ? formado antes de adicion?-lo ao efluente a remo??o de corante direto e disperso alcan?ou 92% e 87%, respectivamente. Estes resultados mostram que os processos avaliados foram eficientes para remo??o de corantes em efluentes t?xteis. / The textile sector is one of the main contributors to the generation of industrial wastewaters due to the use of large volumes of water, which has a high organic load content. In these, it is observed to the presence of dyes, surfactants, starch, alcohols, acetic acid and other constituents, from the various processing steps of the textiles. Hence, the treatment of textile wastewater becomes fundamental before releasing it into water bodies, where they can cause disastrous physical-chemical changes for the environment. Surfactants are substances widely used in separation processes and their use for treating textile wastewaters was evaluated in this research by applying the cloud point extraction and the ionic flocculation. In the cloud point extraction was used as surfactant nonylphenol with 9.5 ethoxylation degree to remove reactive dye. The process evaluation was performed in terms of temperature, surfactant and dye concentrations. The dye removal reached 91%. The ionic flocculation occurs due to the presence of calcium, which reacts with anionic surfactant to form insoluble surfactants capable of attracting the organic matter by adsorption. In this work the ionic flocculation using base soap was applied to the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing dyes belonging to three classes: direct, reactive, and disperse. It was evaluated by the influence of the following parameters: surfactant and electrolyte concentrations, stirring speed, equilibrium time, temperature, and pH. The flocculation of the surfactant was carried out in two ways: forming the floc in the effluent itself and forming the floc before mixing it to the effluent. Removal of reactive and direct dye, when the floc is formed into textile effluent was 97% and 87%, respectively. In the case where the floc is formed prior to adding it to the effluent, the removal to direct and disperse dye reached 92% and 87%, respectively. These results show the efficience of the evaluated processes for dye removal from textile wastewaters.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KesiaKOSS.pdf: 3539390 bytes, checksum: 726018768b080de46ac5a1e64a59a8c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The great diversity of the textile industries activities causes the formation of wastewaters with high complex characteristics during the productive process, according to the industrial process used. The principal aim of the present work is the characterization of the wastewater from the textile industry that process the indigo, located in the Industrial District of Natal-RN, to know the contaminante load of each stage of the process and the framing of the wastewater with the standards of act of receiving of the System of Treatment of Wastewater of the Industrial District of Natal-RN SITEL-DIN, operated for the Company of Waters and Sewers of the RN CAERN. It was analyzed the following properties and pollutants agents: temperature; pH; alcalinity; color; COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand); total and suspended solids; heavy metals, thermotolerants coliformes, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity. As conclusion it is distinguished that the wastewater did not get resulted satisfactory, according to comparisons with other sources, in only three parameters: turbidity, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity, however none of these parameters is criteria of acts of receiving of the SITEL-DIN,therefore the wastewater if finds inside of normality. After the analysis of the obtained results it was verified that SITEL-DIN is indispensable for completing the wastewater treatment / A grande diversidade das atividades industriais t?xteis ocasiona, durante o processo produtivo, a gera??o de efluentes com caracter?sticas bastante complexas, variando de acordo com o tipo de processo industrial utilizado. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal a caracteriza??o do efluente l?quido de uma ind?stria de beneficiamento do ?ndigo t?xtil, localizada no Distrito Industrial de Natal-RN, para conhecermos a carga contaminante de cada etapa do processo e o enquadramento do efluente final com os padr?es de recebimento do Sistema de Tratamento de Efluentes L?quidos do Distrito Industrial de Natal SITEL-DIN, operado pela Companhia de ?guas e Esgotos do RN CAERN. Analisou-se as seguintes propriedades e agentes poluentes: temperatura, pH, alcalinidade, cor, DQO, s?lidos totais, s?lidos suspensos totais, metais pesados, coliformes termotolerantes, turbidez, oxig?nio dissolvido e condutividade el?trica. Como conclus?o destaca-se que o efluente final n?o obteve resultados satisfat?rios, segundo compara??es com outras fontes, em apenas tr?s par?metros: turbidez, oxig?nio dissolvido e Condutividade el?trica, por?m nenhum desses par?metros s?o crit?rios de recebimentos do SITEL-DIN, portanto o efluente final se encontra dentro da normalidade. Ap?s a an?lise dos resultados observamos ser indispens?vel ? exist?ncia do SITEL-DIN para tratamento final dos efluentes da ind?stria

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeocadiaTCB.pdf: 1362259 bytes, checksum: bc8ee74506666e98deeef9007c502ac8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Textile industry deals with a high diversity of processes and generation of wastewaters with a high content of pollutant material. Before being disposed of in water bodies, a pre-treatment of the effluent is carried out, which is sometimes ineffective. In order to be properly treated, physical and chemical properties of the effluent must be known, as well as the pollutant agents that might be present in it. This has turned out to be a great problem in the textile industry, for there is a variety of processes and the pollutant load is very diversified. The characterization of the effluent allows the identification of most critical points and, as a consequence, the most appropriate treatment procedure to be employed, may be chosen. This study presents the results obtained after characterizing the effluent of a textile industry that comprises knitting, dyeing and apparel sections, processing mainly polyester/cotton articles. In this work, twenty samples of the effluent were collected, and related to the changes in production. From the results, a statistical evaluation was applied, determined in function of the rate of flow. The following properties and pollutants agents were quantitatively analysed: temperature; pH; sulfides; chlorine; alcalinity; chlorides; cianides; phenols; color; COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand); TOC (Total Organic Carbon); oil and grease; total, fixed and volatile solids; dissolved, fixed and volatile solids; suspended, fixed and volatile solids; setteable solids and heavy metals such as cadmium, copper, lead, chromium, tin, iron, zinc and nickel. Analyses were carried out according to ABNT NBR 13402 norm, based upon Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. As a consequence, a global treatment proposal is presented, involving clean production practices as contaminant load reducer, followed by conventional (biological) treatment / A ind?stria t?xtil caracteriza-se pela diversidade de processos utilizados e gera??o de altos volumes de efluentes com alta carga poluidora. O efluente recebe um pr?-tratamento, muitas vezes insatisfat?rio e ? lan?ado no corpo d ?gua. Para que possa receber um tratamento, ? necess?rio conhecer as propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas do efluente, bem como os agentes poluentes presentes no mesmo. Isto tem sido um grande problema na ind?stria t?xtil, pois os processos utilizados s?o muitos e a carga poluente bastante diversificada. A caracteriza??o do efluente permite identificar os pontos mais cr?ticos e conseq?entemente a a??o mais adequada no seu tratamento. O presente estudo apresenta os resultados obtidos na caracteriza??o de um efluente de ind?stria t?xtil, composta de malharia, tinturaria e confec??o que processa principalmente poli?ster/algod?o. Neste estudo foram realizadas 20 coletas do efluente, procurando associ?-las ?s mudan?as na produ??o, e a partir destes resultados aplicou-se uma avalia??o estat?stica, determinada em fun??o da vaz?o. Analisou-se quantitativamente as seguintes propriedades e agentes poluentes: temperatura, pH, sulfetos, cloro, alcalinidade, cloretos, cianetos, fen?is, cor, DQO (demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio), COT (carbono org?nico total), ?leos e graxas, s?lidos totais, fixos e vol?teis, s?lidos dissolvidos, fixos e vol?teis, s?lidos suspensos, fixos e vol?teis, s?lidos sediment?veis e metais pesados como c?dmio, cobre, chumbo, cromo, estanho, ferro, zinco e n?quel. As an?lises foram realizadas de acordo com a norma ABNT NBR 13402 sendo as mesmas baseadas no Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater . Como conseq??ncia, apresenta-se uma proposta de tratamento global, envolvendo pr?ticas de produ??o limpa, como redutor da carga contaminante, seguidas do tratamento convencional (biol?gico)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LianaFA.pdf: 3114958 bytes, checksum: 98adbf744d65a1ab7d9d6e74eb3bea83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The treatment of colored and alkaline effluent has been a challenge to the textile industry. An alternative to remove the colors of those effluents is applying magnesium chloride as a coagulant agent. The magnesium ion, in high pH, hydrolyzes itself, forming the magnesium hydroxide which has a large adsorptive area and positive electrostatic charges able to act as an efficient coagulant. The bittern wastewater from the salt industries has been studied as a potential font of this magnesium ion. Nowadays, this bittern wastewater is evicted into the sea, without any treatment or other use. This thesis has evaluated the potential of applying the wastewater from the salt industries in the treatment of dyeing effluent containing indigo dye and alkaline pH. All the experiments were made in jar tests simulating the chemical coagulation, flocculation and decantation steps ranging the pH and the concentration of magnesium ion. Were obtained removals between 96% and 76% for turbidity, apparent color, and true color, respectively, using 200mg/L Mg2+. The reduction of costs with acid, when were used the salt industries wastewater, comparing with Al2(SO4)3, was 62%. For the degradation of organic matter remaining in the clarified, around 900 mg/L, was applyed the advanced process of oxidation: photo-Fenton. The preliminary results showed 57% reduction in DOC. According to the results obtained, the salt industries wastewater can be applied, as coagulant, in the physical-chemical treatment of the denim dyeing wastewater, so it is not necessary a previous adjust of pH, efficiently and economically / O tratamento de efluentes coloridos e alcalinos tem sido um desafio para as ind?strias t?xteis. Uma alternativa para a remo??o de cor destes efluentes ? a aplica??o do cloreto magn?sio como coagulante. O ?on magn?sio, em pH elevado, se hidrolisa, formando o hidr?xido de magn?sio que possui larga ?rea adsortiva e cargas eletrost?ticas positivas capazes de agir como um eficiente coagulante. Como fonte deste ?on, tem sido estudada a ?gua residu?ria das salinas, conhecida como ?gua-m?e (A-M), rica em diversos sais. Atualmente, ela ? lan?ada diretamente no mar, sem tratamento ou aproveitamento. Esta tese avaliou a capacidade de aplica??o desta ?gua residu?ria no tratamento de efluente de tinturaria contendo corante ?ndigo e pH alcalino. Os experimentos foram realizados em Testes de Jarro, simulando as etapas de coagula??o, flocula??o e decanta??o, variando o pH e a concentra??o do ?on magn?sio. Foram obtidas remo??es m?dias de 96%, 91% e 76% para turbidez, cor aparente e cor verdadeira, respectivamente, utilizando 200 mg/L Mg2+. A redu??o de custos com ?cido, quando se usou A-M em compara??o com o Al2(SO4)3, foi de 62%. Para a degrada??o da mat?ria org?nica remanescente no clarificado, em torno de 900 mg/L, foi aplicado o processo de oxida??o avan?ada: foto-Fenton. Os resultados preliminares apresentaram redu??es de 57% de carbono org?nico dissolvido (COD). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a ?gua residu?ria das salinas pode ser aplicada, como coagulante, no tratamento f?sico-qu?mico do efluente de tinturaria de denim, sem ajustes pr?vios de pH, de forma eficiente e econ?mica