Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 145-154).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1940. / Typescript. Includes abstract and vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-68).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 51 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Orientador: Isabel Cristina Boleli / Banca: José Roberto Sartori / Banca: Aureo Evangelista Santana / Resumo: Em frangos de corte, as fêmeas apresentam tendência a eclodir mais cedo que os machos, o que pode deixá-las expostas mais tempo ao jejum até o acesso a água e ração na granja, aumentando a heterogeneidade e piorando a qualidade do lote. O presente estudo analisou: (1) se a tendência das fêmeas eclodirem mais cedo está associada a diferenças no tempo de desenvolvimento ou de eclosão e (2) se a duração do período de respiração pulmonar intra-ovo, associada ou não com estresse térmico na fase fetal, interfere na qualidade das fêmeas na eclosão, em seus parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, variáveis eritrocitárias, temperatura superficial da pele, preferência térmica e resposta ao desafio térmico pós-eclosão. No Capítulo 1 é apresentada uma abordagem teórica sobre o tema. No Capítulo 2 são abordados aves machos e fêmeas quanto a duração do período de eclosão, perda de massa do ovo, porcentagem de casca e condutância, qualidade das aves, variáveis bioquímicas e eritrocitárias do sangue. Para tanto, ovos férteis de matrizes de frangos de corte (Cobb 500®) foram incubados a partir do 13° dia à controle (37,5°C) ou quente (39°C). Foi observado que as fêmeas fazem a bicagem interna mais cedo e rápido do que os machos, bem como o tempo total de incubação; possuem maior espessura de casca do que os machos. Foram observadas diferenças significativas no MCV, HCM e MCHC das aves, além da pO2 e nas variáveis bioquímicas no sangue. No capítulo 3 pintos fêmeas recém-eclodidos com curto ou longo período entre bicagem externa e eclosão foram avaliados quanto às características das cascas dos ovos pós-incubação, rendimento da incubação e sua duração, qualidade, características eritrocitárias e bioquímicas do sangue, peso corporal e do coração e pulmão. Aves incubadas à temperatura de 39ºC apresentaram menor espessura de casca nas regiões apical e equatorial e as aves incubadas à... / Abstract: In broilers, females have a tendency to hatch earlier than males, what can leave them exposed to longer time of fasting until the access to water and feed on the farm, increasing heterogeneity and worsening the quality of the lot . This study analyzed: (1) if the tendency of females hatch earlier is associated with differences in development time or hatching, the RBC indices, the concentrations of gases and minerals in the blood, metabolism or bark characteristics, and if that changes its quality at the outbreak; (2) if the duration of the period of intra-egg pulmonary respiration, associated or not with heat stress during fetal life, interferes with the quality of the females in the outbreak, in their cardiorespiratory characteristics, hematological parameters, thermal preference and response to post-hatching thermal challenge. In Chapter 1 a theoretical approach to the subject is presented. In Chapter 2 are covered male and female birds as the duration of the hatching period, mass loss of the egg, eggshell percentage and conductance, quality of birds, biochemical and blood parameters. For this purpose, fertile eggs arrays of broilers (Cobb 500®) were incubated from day 13 under control temperature (37,5°C) or under hot (39°C). It was observed that females make the internal pipping earlier than males, and the internal pipping take less time until hatching and also the total incubation time when compared to males; They have a higher shell thickness than males. A significant difference was observed in MCV, MCH and MCHC poultry, in addition to pO2 and biochemical parameters in the blood. In chapter 3, newly hatched chicks females with short or long period between external pipping and hatching were evaluated the characteristics of the egg shells after -incubation, the yield of incubation and duration, quality, blood, heart and lung characteristics. Birds incubated under temperature at 39°C had lower shell thickness in the apical ... / Mestre

The long-term effects of total dietary protein and individual food sources of dietary protein on cardiometabolic risk are not clearly understood. The effects of the amount consumed and the timing of dietary protein intake as well as the contribution of overall dietary patterns on various cardiometabolic outcomes are largely unknown, particularly in children. The objective of this dissertation is to estimate the effects of patterns of dietary protein intake and egg consumption on cardiometabolic risk in adolescents and adults. Prospective data from two studies were used: the National Growth and Health Study (NGHS) with 2105 pre-adolescent girls followed for 10 years and the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS) with 2054 middle-aged adults followed for 12 years. Diet was assessed in both cohorts via 3-day diet records. NGHS outcomes included %body fat, %truncal fat, waist circumference, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass (SMM), fasting glucose (FG), insulin resistance, blood pressure (BP), and lipids. FOS outcomes included FG and BP. Multivariable models including analysis of covariance, logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards models were used. Girls consuming ≥75 g/day of total protein (vs. less) had less body fat (p<0.0001) and more SMM (p<0.0001) by late adolescence. Girls consuming more morning protein had the highest total protein intakes, perhaps contributing to the observed beneficial effects of morning protein on body composition. Consumption of ≥3.5 eggs/week in 9-17 year-old girls was associated with lower %body fat (p=0.019) and higher %SMM (p=0.026) by later adolescence. There was no evidence that higher egg intake was detrimental to any cardiometabolic outcomes. Girls who consumed more eggs (ages 9-17 years) in combination with more fiber, fruits/vegetables, or physical activity led to statistically significant 43-58% reduced risks of becoming overweight by late adolescence. Adults who consumed ≥5 eggs/week had lower FG (p=0.0004) and systolic BP (p=0.0284) over time. Higher egg intakes were associated with a 27% lower risk of IFG or T2D (95% CI:0.51-1.04) and 30% lower risk of HBP (95% CI:0.52-0.96). In summary, total protein intake, including regular egg consumption, has no adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk in adolescence or adults and may benefit body composition over time.

The aim of this study was to analyze the amount and the species composition of Daphnia gr. longispina resting egg bank in reservoirs. Studied reservoirs (Brno, Seč, Vír, Vranov a Žlutice) were sampled in July 2004 and 2005 at three sites {--} tributary, deep tributary and dam area. It was confirmed that there are more resting eggs at dam area than at tributary one and species composition differs for studied sites.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-15. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:18:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000849177.pdf: 1416072 bytes, checksum: a5a16e62350bb5273af5092de0b19f74 (MD5) / Em frangos de corte, as fêmeas apresentam tendência a eclodir mais cedo que os machos, o que pode deixá-las expostas mais tempo ao jejum até o acesso a água e ração na granja, aumentando a heterogeneidade e piorando a qualidade do lote. O presente estudo analisou: (1) se a tendência das fêmeas eclodirem mais cedo está associada a diferenças no tempo de desenvolvimento ou de eclosão e (2) se a duração do período de respiração pulmonar intra-ovo, associada ou não com estresse térmico na fase fetal, interfere na qualidade das fêmeas na eclosão, em seus parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, variáveis eritrocitárias, temperatura superficial da pele, preferência térmica e resposta ao desafio térmico pós-eclosão. No Capítulo 1 é apresentada uma abordagem teórica sobre o tema. No Capítulo 2 são abordados aves machos e fêmeas quanto a duração do período de eclosão, perda de massa do ovo, porcentagem de casca e condutância, qualidade das aves, variáveis bioquímicas e eritrocitárias do sangue. Para tanto, ovos férteis de matrizes de frangos de corte (Cobb 500®) foram incubados a partir do 13° dia à controle (37,5°C) ou quente (39°C). Foi observado que as fêmeas fazem a bicagem interna mais cedo e rápido do que os machos, bem como o tempo total de incubação; possuem maior espessura de casca do que os machos. Foram observadas diferenças significativas no MCV, HCM e MCHC das aves, além da pO2 e nas variáveis bioquímicas no sangue. No capítulo 3 pintos fêmeas recém-eclodidos com curto ou longo período entre bicagem externa e eclosão foram avaliados quanto às características das cascas dos ovos pós-incubação, rendimento da incubação e sua duração, qualidade, características eritrocitárias e bioquímicas do sangue, peso corporal e do coração e pulmão. Aves incubadas à temperatura de 39ºC apresentaram menor espessura de casca nas regiões apical e equatorial e as aves incubadas à... / In broilers, females have a tendency to hatch earlier than males, what can leave them exposed to longer time of fasting until the access to water and feed on the farm, increasing heterogeneity and worsening the quality of the lot . This study analyzed: (1) if the tendency of females hatch earlier is associated with differences in development time or hatching, the RBC indices, the concentrations of gases and minerals in the blood, metabolism or bark characteristics, and if that changes its quality at the outbreak; (2) if the duration of the period of intra-egg pulmonary respiration, associated or not with heat stress during fetal life, interferes with the quality of the females in the outbreak, in their cardiorespiratory characteristics, hematological parameters, thermal preference and response to post-hatching thermal challenge. In Chapter 1 a theoretical approach to the subject is presented. In Chapter 2 are covered male and female birds as the duration of the hatching period, mass loss of the egg, eggshell percentage and conductance, quality of birds, biochemical and blood parameters. For this purpose, fertile eggs arrays of broilers (Cobb 500®) were incubated from day 13 under control temperature (37,5°C) or under hot (39°C). It was observed that females make the internal pipping earlier than males, and the internal pipping take less time until hatching and also the total incubation time when compared to males; They have a higher shell thickness than males. A significant difference was observed in MCV, MCH and MCHC poultry, in addition to pO2 and biochemical parameters in the blood. In chapter 3, newly hatched chicks females with short or long period between external pipping and hatching were evaluated the characteristics of the egg shells after -incubation, the yield of incubation and duration, quality, blood, heart and lung characteristics. Birds incubated under temperature at 39°C had lower shell thickness in the apical ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 dalanezi_ja_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 252870 bytes, checksum: 62e1602dc3b5cfb35e3a823d7985e08d (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar os efeitos do jejum, milho, farelo de trigo e ração de muda no processo de muda forçada em poedeiras comerciais com 73 semanas de idade. O trabalho foi conduzido na UNESP - FMVZ - no setor de avicultura, Câmpus de Botucatu. As aves foram alojadas em gaiolas com dois compartimentos internos, com quatro aves por compartimento, totalizando oito aves por gaiola. Foram utilizadas 512 poedeiras comerciais da linhagem Shaver. Durante o período de muda, as aves do tratamento testemunha receberam ração de produção à vontade; no tratamento jejum as que tiveram sua alimentação retirada por um período de 14 dias e em seguida recebeu somente milho moído pelo período de 14 dias; no tratamento milho foi fornecido milho moído à vontade durante 28 dias; no tratamento trigo foi fornecido farelo de trigo à vontade durante 28 dias; nos tratamentos trigo 50g e trigo 65g as aves receberam somente 50 e 65g de farelo de trigo, respectivamente, por 28 dias e nos tratamentos muda 50g e muda 65g foi fornecida ração de muda com 1,0% de cálcio e 0,42% de fósforo disponível nas seguintes quantidades de 50 e 65g por ave/dia, respectivamente, por 28 dias. Durante este período de muda as aves permaneceram com fotoperíodo natural. Após o término da muda as aves receberam ração de produção e água à vontade e teve início o programa de luz com 14 horas de luz por dia e aumentos semanais de 30 minutos até que se alcançou fotoperíodo de 17 horas de luz por dia. No decorrer do período da muda, foram sacrificadas 120 aves em cinco abates, sendo oito abatidas no início e mais quatro por tratamento, abatidas aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias de muda para avaliação do cálcio e fósforo na tíbia e no sangue, perda de peso corporal e dos órgãos (fígado, ovário, oviduto), gordura abdominal e extrato etéreo; também foi avaliado o consumo de ração... / The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of fasting, corn, wheat meal and commercial molt diet in forced molt process from seventy-three weeks old commercial laying hens. The experiment was conducted at Poultry Farm from Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UNESP - Botucatu Campus. Hens were housed in cages with two compartments to four birds each, representing an experimental unit with 8 birds. Five hundred-twelve Shaver hens were used. During molt period birds from treatment 1 (control) received production diet ad libitum, in treatment 2 (conventional - fasting) birds had feed removed for fourteen days and received only ground corn for the following fourteen days. During 28 days, birds from treatment 3 and 4 were fed with ground corn and wheat meal, respectively, ad libitum. Only 50 and 65 g of wheat meal were given to birds from treatments 5 and 6, respectively, during 28 days. The same amount was supplied to birds from treatments 7 and 8, respectively, but from commercial molt diet with 1% of calcium and 0.42% of available phosphorus, during 28 days. During molt period hens were kept with natural photoperiod. At the end of the molt period the hens were fed with water and production diet ad libitum and the lighting program started with fourteen hours of daylight, increasing 30 minutes weekly until reach seventeen hours of daylight to the hens. During molt experiment one hundred-twenty birds were slaughtered in five slaughtering, being eight slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment and four per treatment were slaughtered at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of molt to analyze calcium and phosphorus in Tibia and blood, loss of body and organs weight (liver, ovarium and oviduct), abdominal fat and ether extract. Feed intake was also evaluated. It was verified that wheat meal can be used in forced molt process without compromise the parameters analyzed and with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 abreu_apn_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 284995 bytes, checksum: f70cdff20644b4b8758f65b8d18ea6f4 (MD5) / O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas instalações do Setor de Avicultura da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da USP, campus de Pirassununga – SP, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos das micotoxinas sobre os parâmetros de desempenho (consumo de ração, porcentagem de postura, peso dos ovos, massa dos ovos, CA/massa, CA/dúzia e variação de peso) e o efeito protetor do adsorvente, em codornas japonesas em postura recebendo rações contaminadas com micotoxinas e suplementadas com adsorvente. Para isso foram utilizadas 576 codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica), com 15 semanas de idade e distribuídas em 36 gaiolas de área útil 1,00 m x 0,34 m x 0,19 m, com quatro compartimentos cada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com o esquema fatorial 3x2x2, com três níveis de inclusão de aflatoxinas (0, 1000 e 2000 mg/kg), dois níveis de inclusão de zearalenona (0 e 2000 mg/kg) e dois níveis de inclusão de adsorvente (0 e 0,1%), com três repetições de 16 aves em cada parcela. Os parâmetros foram avaliados no período de 28 e 56 dias, utilizando-se o SASÒ (SAS Institute, 2000) e, foi utilizado o teste de Tukey pela ANOVA para comparação entre... / The work was developed in the poultry farming department of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da USP, campus de Pirassununga – SP, with the objective of evaluating the effects of the mycotoxins on the performance parameter (feed consumption, laying percentage, egg weight, egg mass, feed gain/egg mass, feed gain/egg dozen and weight variation) and the protective effect of the adsorbent, in Japanese quails in laying receiving feed contaminated with mycotoxins and supplemented with adsorbent. For this work 576 Japanese quails were used (Coturnix coturnix japonica), with 15 weeks of age and distributed in 36 cages of an area of 1.00 m x 0.34 m x 0.19 m, with four compartment each. The experimental model used was entirely randomized with fatorial 3x2x2, with three levels of aflatoxin inclusion (0, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg), two levels of zearalenone inclusion (0 and 2000 mg/kg) and two levels of adsorbent inclusion (0 and 0.1%), with three replicates of 16 birds in each cage. The parameters were evaluated on period of 28 and 56 days, through the SASÒ (SAS Institute, 2000) and, the test of Tukey was used with ANOVA for... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)