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1	An investigation of e-services in developing countries : the case of e-government in Egypt Hassan, H. S. H. January 2011 (has links) Many developing countries’ governments have invested heavily in e-service projects. However, there is a lack of clear case material research, which describes the potentialities experienced by governmental organisations. This research examines egovernment service projects and provides insights and learning into how to successfully develop and implement these projects within a developing country, specifically Egypt. The aim of this research is to develop a robust framework to support an efficient e-government system focusing on the case of Egypt. This is achieved by investigating selected completed and on-going successful initiatives and focusing on the barriers to, and the enablers of, these initiatives. As a result, the nature of successful e-governmental services initiatives is determined, and solutions to the possible emerging barriers and challenges are developed. Many lessons are learned to be taken into consideration in repeating the successful experience of other new eservice projects in the Egyptian government. A combination of research methodology approaches has been employed in this research. Firstly, an extensive review of literature took place to summarise and synthesise the arguments of the main factors contributing to the development of e-service research. Secondly, the qualitative approach and the case study are selected as an appropriate methodology for this research, using the semi-structured interview technique to gather data from top level officials who are involved in the Egyptian e-government program. Based on evidence, the cultural barriers group is the main group facing Egyptian e-government progress. On the other hand, the political will and enforcing decisions are the ultimate driving forces for the successful implementation of e-service projects in particular and the egovernment program in Egypt in general. Based on the findings, a framework is developed for explaining the main barriers and enablers of government e-service projects development, and providing solutions for the identified barriers, especially in a developing country environment like Egypt. Also, a process, of e-service projects implementation is proposed. A new enabler (decision enforcement) is found in the Egyptian government context and added to the list of enablers. From a practical point of view, this research provides realistic implications for the decision makers and officials within the Egyptian government involved in the process of planning, developing and implementing e-service projects. 351.0285
2	Der Stand der Demokratisierung und der Herausbildung einer Zivilgesellschaft in Ägypten am Beispiel des Diskurses über die autochthone christliche Minderheit der Kopten Macêdo, Martina Bolz de Jesus 19 October 2009 (has links) Die Meinungen über die Chancen einer Demokratisierung im Nahen und Mittleren Osten sind geteilt. Diese Arbeit versucht für Ägypten eine Einschätzung zu geben. Als bevölkerungsreichstes und eines der politisch bedeutsamsten Länder der Region könnte es eine Vorbildfunktion einnehmen. Die Dissertation untersucht an einem Fallbeispiel, den Ausschreitungen zwischen Muslimen und Christen in einem oberägyptischen Dorf 1999/ 2000, in welcher Form und in welchem Ausmaß sich staatliche Akteure, religiöse Institutionen und die Bürger zum heiklen Thema der Gefährdung der Rechte von Minderheiten im öffentlichen Diskurs zu Wort melden und dabei das Kriterium des Pluralismus, im Sinne von Toleranz und Ablehnung von Gewalt, erfüllen. Pessimistische Stimmen versagen dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten insbesondere wegen der dort vorherrschenden Religion eine Reformierbarkeit der politischen Kultur und stigmatisieren den Islam als Demokratisierungshindernis. Diese Arbeit beobachtet jedoch, dass es empirisch bereits einige Merkmale gibt, die auf eine Zunahme von Pluralismus in der ägyptischen Gesellschaft hindeuten. Sie zeigt die Anzeichen für die Herausbildung einer freien Öffentlichkeit und einer Zivilgesellschaft auf, die langfristig auf die Konsolidierung von Demokratie und nicht auf deren Zerstörung hinarbeitet. Gleichzeitig ist diese Arbeit eine Art in Szene gesetztes, lebendiges „Who is who?“ der gegenwärtigen Minderheiten- und Menschenrechtsbewegung in Ägypten. 1 / The current status of democratization and civil society development in Egypt through the example of the discourse on the indigenous Christian minority of the Copts. Opinions regarding the chances of democratization in the Middle East are divided. The thesis attempts to give an evaluation in the case of Egypt. As the most populous and one of the politically most influencing countries of that region Egypt could take the function of a role model. The dissertation investigates, on the basis of a case study – the clashes between Muslims and Christians in an Upper Egyptian village in 1999/ 2000 - in what form and to what extent state actors, religious institutions and citizens take a stand in public discourse on the sensitive issue of endangering the rights of minorities and thereby meet the criteria of pluralism in the sense of tolerance and rejection of violence. Pessimistic voices deny the Middle East a reformability of its political culture particularly with regard to the predominating religion there and stigmatize Islam as an obstacle to democratization. This study however, shows empirically that there are already some indications that point towards an increase of pluralism in Egyptian society and towards the development of a free public sphere and a civil society that in the long term can lead to the consolidation of democracy and not to its destruction. At the same time this study is a kind of status report and “Who’s who?” of the current minority – and human rights movement in Egypt. Demokratie Ägypten Toleranz Transformation Islam Demokratisierung Menschenrechte Minderheiten Öffentlichkeit Zivilgesellschaft Nicht-Staatliche Akteure in Ägypten Politisches System Ägyptens Ägyptische Regierung Ägyptische Presse Ägyptische Parteien Ägyptische Religiöse Institutionen Islamismus Islamistische Gruppen Islamistische Organisationen Christliche Organisationen Christliche Verbände Islamische Organisationen Islamische Verbände Diskurs Christen Kopten Kirche und Staat Diaspora-Kopten Religion Pluralismus NGO NRO Nichtregierungsorganisationen Konfessionalismus Diskriminierung Ägyptens Nationale Einheit Interkonfessionelle Ausschreitungen Interkonfessionelle Konflikte Zusammenstöße in al-Kosheh 1999 / 2000 al-Kosheh al-Kosh al-Kuã… Democracy Egypt Transformation Islam NGO Democratization Civil Society Egyptian Non-State Actors Egyptian Political System Egyptian Government Egyptian Press Egyptian Parties Egyptian Religious Institutions Islamism Islamist Groups Islamist Organizations Christian Organizations Christian Associations Islamic Organizations Islamic Associations Discourse Christians Minorities Copts Church and State Diaspora Copts Religion Pluralism Tolerance Human Rights Non-Governmental Organization Public Sphere Sectarianism Discrimination Egypt’s National Unity Sectarian Strife Sectarian Conflicts Al-Kosheh Incidents 1999 / 2000 al-Kosheh al-Kosh al-Kuã… 14 Soziologie, Gesellschaft MS 9608 MI 12086 MI 12968 ddc:300

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An investigation of e-services in developing countries : the case of e-government in Egypt

Der Stand der Demokratisierung und der Herausbildung einer Zivilgesellschaft in Ägypten am Beispiel des Diskurses über die autochthone christliche Minderheit der Kopten