A Paul trap mass spectrometer has a three-electrode geometry mass analyzer consisting of two identical end cap electrodes and a ring electrode. Traditionally, the two end cap electrodes are electrically grounded and an RF potential is applied to the central ring electrode to generate the "trapping field". Ions of the analyte sample are formed in situ by electron bombardment and mass analysis of the fragment ions is performed by mass selectively destabilizing the ions from the trap. The inhornogeneities present in the trapping field (introduced either by misalignment of the trap geometry or by applying a dipolar auxiliary excitation across the end cap electrodes) give rise to various interesting phenomena including, resonance ejection of the trapped ions This thesis is concerned with taking a look into the experimental aspects associated with resonance ejection of ions caused by the dipolar excitation Additionally, u also reports the work undertaken to develop necessary instrumentation for resonant excitation experiments and my contribution to operational>zc the Paul trap mass spectrometer fabricated in the laboratory. The thesis is divided into 5 chapters. Chapter 1 is an introductory chapter. After discussing the conditions for stability of the trapped ions, it goes on to present a brief survey of a variety of applications in literature, which have used resonant excitation. Towards the end, the motivation of the present effort and the scope of work in the thesis have been spelt out. This includes (a) redesign of the ion detector electronics, (b) design of an auxiliary excitation generator, and (c) studies on resonance ejection. Chapter 2 outlines the design considerations, circuit description and fabrication details for the ion detector electronics. The circuits presented in this chapter include (a) electrometer amplifier and (b) -3 kV DC supply for the electron multiplier detector. The electrometer amplifier amplifies the ion current signal from the electron multiplier detector and it needs to have a high input impedance and a high slew rate. The electron multiplier detector requires -3 kV DC power supply for operation. The -3 kV DC power supply is required to have a regulated output voltage with low ripple in the output. Chapter 3 presents the design considerations, circuit description and fabrication details for the auxiliary excitation generator. The auxiliary excitation generator is a three channel DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) oscillator with independent control of frequency amplitude, and phase of the output signal. Chapter 3 also discusses the micro controller based control sub-system that allows the user to set above mentioned output parameters. The control sub-system provides a user-friendly keyboard interface and 2-line alphanumeric LCD display per channel. It also provides various bus interfaces (such as I2C and SPI) to interface with DDS oscillator ICs, amplitude control DAC, and LCD displays. The chapter then goes on to describe the implementation details of the software written for the control sub-system. The hardware design is simplified by using a micro controller as heart of the control sub-system and employing the software to handle the complex functions. As an example, the design of the keyboard interface is simplified by directly connecting a matrix keyboard to the input/output port of the micro controller. The software is used to scan the keyboard, detect key press and find out the key pressed. Nonetheless, in order to meet specific performance required for the present work, the software needs to have a sense of time, be portable and scalable. Details of the "layered" architecture adopted by as to meet these specific requirements, the lower level "driver" functions implemented for various interfaces of the control sub-system, and the higher level or the "application" software, are described. The application software uses the driver functions to accomplish various tasks required to be executed by the control sub-system. Finally, the chapter presents the design consideration and fabrication details of the coupling transformer used to couple the output of the auxiliary excitation generator to the Paul trap Chapter 4 describes the resonant excitation experiments performed as part of the present work. First of all the chapter presents the improvement in the performance of the Paul trap mass spectrometer as a result of redesigned ion detector electronics It is seen that the resolution is improved significantly due to the improved response time of the electrometer amplifier. The chapter then describes the effect of the resonant excitation on the ions and also that the frequency of the applied auxiliary excitation should be between 500 kHz to 125 kHz. Next, a number of mass spectra for different frequencies of the applied auxiliary excitation are presented. These mass spectra indicate that the resonant ejection sets in for lower masses even at lower amplitude of the auxiliary excitation where as higher amplitude is required for the resonant ejection of the higher masses. It is seen that the resonant excitation of ions improves resolution of the mass spectrum. Moreover, the auxiliary excitation results in ejection of the ions at lower amplitude of the RF voltage and thus allows extending the mass range of the mass spectrometer. We present the mass spectrum of CCI4 which is not possible to normally record in our instrument. We also present results intended to understand the relation between frequency and amplitude of the auxiliary excitation on the mass spectra of benzene. Finally, results of an interesting experiment are presented which indicates the presence of the non-linear resonance points in the Paul trap. Chapter 5 presents the concluding remarks. References cited in the thesis are attached in their alphabetical order at the end of the thesis.

Le développement des nanotechnologies nécessite, entre autre, d'utiliser de nouvelles techniques de nettoyage permettant l'enlèvement sans contact de particules de tailles nanométriques. Le procédé laser consistant à irradier les matériaux avec des impulsions nanosecondes se révèle une approche prometteuse. Cette étude participe à l'amélioration des connaissances des processus d'interaction "laser-particule-surface". Les expériences démontrent que l'enlèvement résulte d'une compétition entre différents mécanismes. L'évaporation explosive de l'humidité résiduelle piégée au voisinage des polluants est identifiée comme le mécanisme non-destructif principal. Parmi les mécanismes d'endommagement observés, l'ablation locale du substrat résultant des phénomènes d'exaltation de champ proche optique limite la fenêtre de travail du procédé de nettoyage. Cependant, ce processus présente un intérêt pour d'autres applications telles que la nanostructuration de surfaces.

This diploma thesis deals with analysis of domestic violence in families in Písek and its surroundings. The main topic of this work is to map the issue and the dynamic of domestic abuse commited on women in Písek and its surroundings. The topic of this work was chosen with regard to my work orientation. I am working as a social worker in the organization NADĚJE. The mission of this organization is to help people who find themselves in difficult social situations. Among the clients are often found abused women. First half of theoretic part is dedicated to term definition domestic violence and its development. Till 1990, the domestic abuse has been perceived as personal matter. The radical turn came between 1990 2000, when the debates and discussion started through media. The public changed its mind and it was acknowledged that domestic violence repesent serious society wide problem that needs to be in centre of attention. The second half of theoretic part works with domestic violence cycle and descibes more detailed possible effects on victims. The attention is paid to law aspects of domestic abuse. The practical part of this thesis maps the dynamic of domestic violence commited on women in Písek and surroundings. To ensure the necessary information has been used qualitative research. A methodology of interviews and for key data collection technique was chosen the form of interview with using the instructions according Hendl. Research was attended by 11 women from the Pisek region, who lived with the aggressor at least 3 years. The main objective was to explore the issues and dynamics of domestic violence against women in Písek and its surroundings. Research questions were focused on the physical, psychological and socio-economic violence, "Institute of ejection" and the reasons why the interviewed women stay with the aggressor in the same household. On the basis of frame analysis that was carried out, and interpretation were induced these theoretical concepts: 1. The forms of any kind of violence are belittled and excused. The victims of domestic abuse learn how to live with the aggressor and his behaviour and accept it as part of their life. 2. The women as victims of domestic violence are aware that it has negative impacts on the children who are present in most of the cases, but they do anything to change. 3. Most of the battered women agree that their partner gets easily jealous and nags or humiliates them frequently. 4. The victims are not in touch with their families and friends that confirms the social isolation. 5. The knowledge of "Institute of ejection" is very low. 6. Prolonged exposure to domestic violence has a negative impact on self-esteem of women as victims.

Introdução. Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca submetidos à ventriculectomia parcial esquerda apresentam melhora na função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo em repouso, porém continuam apresentando limitação funcional. Objetivo. Para melhor compreender os mecanismos desta limitação funcional, estudamos a função sistólica e diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo em repouso e durante exercício submáximo em pacientes submetidos a ventriculectomia parcial esquerda e em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca não operados, pareados para capacidade funcional máxima e submáxima. Métodos. Foram estudados 9 pacientes submetidos previamente a ventriculografia parcial esquerda (VPE) e 9 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca não operados previamente (IC). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos inicialmente a um teste cardiopulmonar para determinação do consumo de oxigênio no limiar anaeróbio (LA) e de pico (VO2 pico). Após, foram estudados através da ventriculografia radioisotópica e analisadas a fração de ejeção (FE) e a taxa máxima de enchimento (TME) do ventrículo esquerdo, em repouso e exercício na intensidade do LA. Resultados. Os grupos apresentaram capacidade funcional semelhante avaliada pelo VO2 pico (VPE: [média ± DP] 13,1 ± 3,3 ml/kg.min; IC: 14,1 ± 3,6 ml/kg.min; P > 0,05) e LA (VPE: 7,9 ± 1.3 ml/kg.min; IC: 8,5 ± 1,6 ml/kg.min; P > 0,05). A frequência cardíaca máxima foi maior no grupo IC em comparação ao grupo da VPE (VPE: 119 ± 20 bpm; IC: 149 ± 21 bpm; P < 0.05) A FE em repouso era mais elevada no grupo VPE (VPE: 40 ± 12 %; IC: 32 ± 9 %; P < 0,0125), entretanto a FE elevou-se do repouso ao LA apenas no grupo IC (VPE: 44 ± 17 %; IC: 39 ± 11 %; P < 0,0125). A TME foi semelhante em repouso (VPE: 1,41 ± 0,55 VDF/s; IC: 1,39 ± 0,55 VDF/s; P > 0,05) e aumentou na intensidade do LA similarmente em ambos os grupos (VPE: 2,28 ± 0,55 VDF/s; IC: 2,52 ± 1,07 VDF/s; P < 0,0125). Conclusão. Pacientes submetidos a ventriculectomia parcial esquerda apresentam uma o limiar anaeróbio (LA) resposta anormal da função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo ao exercício na intensidade do LA e uma resposta cronotrópica diminuida ao exercício máximo. Essas respostas anormais podem contribuir para a limitada capacidade ao exercício destes pacientes, a despeito da melhora na função ventricular sistólica em repouso. / Background. Patients with heart failure who have undergone partial left ventriculectomy improve resting left ventricular systolic function, but maintain limited functional capacity. Objective. In order to better understand the mechanisms associated with this limitation, we studied the systolic and diastolic left ventricular function at rest and during submaximal exercise in patients with previous partial left ventriculectomy and in patients with heart failure who had not been operated, matched for maximal and submaximal exercise capacity. Methods: Nine patients with heart failure who were previously submitted to partial left ventriculectomy (PLV) were compared with a group of 9 patients with heart failure who had not been operated. All patients performed a cardiopulmonary exercise testing with measurement of peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and anaerobic threshold (AT). In a second evaluation, radionuclide left ventriculography was performed to analyze ejection fraction (EF) and peak filling rate (PFR) at rest and during exercise at the intensity corresponding to the AT. Results: Groups presented similar exercise capacity evaluated by VO2peak (PLV: [mean ± SD] 13.1 ± 3.3 mL/Kg.min; HF: 14.1 ± 3.6 mL/Kg.min; P > 0.05) and AT (PLV: 7.9 ± 1.3 mL/Kg.min; HF: 8.5 ± 1.6 mL/Kg.min; P > 0.05). Maximal heart rate was higher in the HF group when compared to the PLV group (PLV: 119 ± 20 bpm; HF: 149 ± 21 bpm; P < 0.05). EF at rest was higher in the PLV group (PLV: 40 ± 12 %; HF: 32 ± 9 %; P < 0.0125), however EF increased from rest to AT only in the HF group (PLV: 44 ± 17 %; HF: 39 ± 11 %; P < 0.0125). PFR was similar at rest (PLV: 1.41 ± 0.55 EDV/sec; HF: 1.39 ± 0.55 EDV/sec; P > 0.05) and increased in both groups at the AT intensity (PLV: 2.28 ± 0.55 EDV/sec; HF: 2.52 ± 1.07 EDV/sec; P < 0,0125). Conclusion: Patients who had partial left ventriculectomy present an abnormal response of left ventricular systolic function to exercise at the AT intensity and an impaired chronotropic response to maximal exercise. These abnormal responses may contribute to the limited exercise capacity of these patients, despite the improvement in resting left ventricular systolic function.

Introdução. Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca submetidos à ventriculectomia parcial esquerda apresentam melhora na função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo em repouso, porém continuam apresentando limitação funcional. Objetivo. Para melhor compreender os mecanismos desta limitação funcional, estudamos a função sistólica e diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo em repouso e durante exercício submáximo em pacientes submetidos a ventriculectomia parcial esquerda e em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca não operados, pareados para capacidade funcional máxima e submáxima. Métodos. Foram estudados 9 pacientes submetidos previamente a ventriculografia parcial esquerda (VPE) e 9 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca não operados previamente (IC). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos inicialmente a um teste cardiopulmonar para determinação do consumo de oxigênio no limiar anaeróbio (LA) e de pico (VO2 pico). Após, foram estudados através da ventriculografia radioisotópica e analisadas a fração de ejeção (FE) e a taxa máxima de enchimento (TME) do ventrículo esquerdo, em repouso e exercício na intensidade do LA. Resultados. Os grupos apresentaram capacidade funcional semelhante avaliada pelo VO2 pico (VPE: [média ± DP] 13,1 ± 3,3 ml/kg.min; IC: 14,1 ± 3,6 ml/kg.min; P > 0,05) e LA (VPE: 7,9 ± 1.3 ml/kg.min; IC: 8,5 ± 1,6 ml/kg.min; P > 0,05). A frequência cardíaca máxima foi maior no grupo IC em comparação ao grupo da VPE (VPE: 119 ± 20 bpm; IC: 149 ± 21 bpm; P < 0.05) A FE em repouso era mais elevada no grupo VPE (VPE: 40 ± 12 %; IC: 32 ± 9 %; P < 0,0125), entretanto a FE elevou-se do repouso ao LA apenas no grupo IC (VPE: 44 ± 17 %; IC: 39 ± 11 %; P < 0,0125). A TME foi semelhante em repouso (VPE: 1,41 ± 0,55 VDF/s; IC: 1,39 ± 0,55 VDF/s; P > 0,05) e aumentou na intensidade do LA similarmente em ambos os grupos (VPE: 2,28 ± 0,55 VDF/s; IC: 2,52 ± 1,07 VDF/s; P < 0,0125). Conclusão. Pacientes submetidos a ventriculectomia parcial esquerda apresentam uma o limiar anaeróbio (LA) resposta anormal da função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo ao exercício na intensidade do LA e uma resposta cronotrópica diminuida ao exercício máximo. Essas respostas anormais podem contribuir para a limitada capacidade ao exercício destes pacientes, a despeito da melhora na função ventricular sistólica em repouso. / Background. Patients with heart failure who have undergone partial left ventriculectomy improve resting left ventricular systolic function, but maintain limited functional capacity. Objective. In order to better understand the mechanisms associated with this limitation, we studied the systolic and diastolic left ventricular function at rest and during submaximal exercise in patients with previous partial left ventriculectomy and in patients with heart failure who had not been operated, matched for maximal and submaximal exercise capacity. Methods: Nine patients with heart failure who were previously submitted to partial left ventriculectomy (PLV) were compared with a group of 9 patients with heart failure who had not been operated. All patients performed a cardiopulmonary exercise testing with measurement of peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and anaerobic threshold (AT). In a second evaluation, radionuclide left ventriculography was performed to analyze ejection fraction (EF) and peak filling rate (PFR) at rest and during exercise at the intensity corresponding to the AT. Results: Groups presented similar exercise capacity evaluated by VO2peak (PLV: [mean ± SD] 13.1 ± 3.3 mL/Kg.min; HF: 14.1 ± 3.6 mL/Kg.min; P > 0.05) and AT (PLV: 7.9 ± 1.3 mL/Kg.min; HF: 8.5 ± 1.6 mL/Kg.min; P > 0.05). Maximal heart rate was higher in the HF group when compared to the PLV group (PLV: 119 ± 20 bpm; HF: 149 ± 21 bpm; P < 0.05). EF at rest was higher in the PLV group (PLV: 40 ± 12 %; HF: 32 ± 9 %; P < 0.0125), however EF increased from rest to AT only in the HF group (PLV: 44 ± 17 %; HF: 39 ± 11 %; P < 0.0125). PFR was similar at rest (PLV: 1.41 ± 0.55 EDV/sec; HF: 1.39 ± 0.55 EDV/sec; P > 0.05) and increased in both groups at the AT intensity (PLV: 2.28 ± 0.55 EDV/sec; HF: 2.52 ± 1.07 EDV/sec; P < 0,0125). Conclusion: Patients who had partial left ventriculectomy present an abnormal response of left ventricular systolic function to exercise at the AT intensity and an impaired chronotropic response to maximal exercise. These abnormal responses may contribute to the limited exercise capacity of these patients, despite the improvement in resting left ventricular systolic function.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-02-04T11:32:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Thé Macedo Avaliação da acuracia...2015.pdf: 2036804 bytes, checksum: 926f70b1e7ec1709b317e04842607c6a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-02-04T11:33:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Thé Macedo Avaliação da acuracia...2015.pdf: 2036804 bytes, checksum: 926f70b1e7ec1709b317e04842607c6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-04T11:33:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Thé Macedo Avaliação da acuracia...2015.pdf: 2036804 bytes, checksum: 926f70b1e7ec1709b317e04842607c6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Um dos principais desafios na miocardiopatia chagásica é a detecção de alterações precoces na função ventricular esquerda. A avaliação do strain pelo speckle tracking na ecocardiografia bidimensional (2-D ST) é um novo método com aplicações em diversas doenças cardíacas, tendo sido validado para pacientes com infarto do miocárdio em comparação à ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC). Neste estudo, avaliamos a hipótese de que o strain global longitudinal (SGL) possui um valor incremental à fração de ejeção (FE) pelo método de Simpson para predição de fibrose miocárdica na RMC, em pacientes portadores de doença de Chagas (DC). Métodos: Estudo observacional, com um total de 58 pacientes portadores de DC. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à realização de ecocardiograma convencional e com strain pelo speckle tracking, além de RMC. Resultados: A análise da curva ROC mostrou que tanto a SGL (área sob a curva: 0,78, p = 0,001) quanto a fração de ejeção (área sob a curva: 0,82, p < 0,001) tiveram significância estatística na detecção de fibrose. Em relação á porcentagem de fibrose, uma alta correlação foi observada tanto com a FE pela ecocardiografia (r = - 0,70, p < 0,001) quanto com o SGL (r = 0,64, p < 0,001). Contudo, quando ajustado pela regressão linear múltipla, o SGL perdeu a significância estatística como preditor independente de fibrose miocárdica (p = 0.111). Conclusões: SGL não possui valor incremental em relação à FE na predição de fibrose miocárdica em pacientes portadores de DC. / One of the most challenging issues of chronic Chagas disease is to provide earlier detection of heart involvement. Two-dimensional speckle tracking (2-D ST) echocardiography, a new imaging modality with useful applications in several cardiac diseases, has been validated for subjects with myocardial infarction against cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Here we hypothesize that the longitudinal global strain (LGS) has an incremental value to ejection fraction for predicting myocardial fibrosis in subjects with Chagas disease. Methods: This observational study comprised 58 subjects with Chagas disease, confirmed by two positive serologic tests. All subjects underwent conventional Doppler echocardiogram plus speckle tracking strain, and cardiac magnetic resonance. Results: The ROC curve analysis revealed that both LGS (Area under the curve: 0.78, p = 0.001) and ejection fraction (Area under the curve: 0.82, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of myocardial fibrosis. Regarding the percentage of fibrosis, a high correlation was observed with both ejection fraction assessed by echocardiography (r = - 0.70, p < 0.001) and LGS (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). However, when adjusted through multiple linear regression, the LGS lost statistical significance as a predictor of myocardial fibrosis (p = 0.111). Conclusions: LGS has no incremental value to conventional ejection fraction measurement in the prediction of myocardial fibrosis in subjects with Chagas disease.

Introdução. Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca submetidos à ventriculectomia parcial esquerda apresentam melhora na função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo em repouso, porém continuam apresentando limitação funcional. Objetivo. Para melhor compreender os mecanismos desta limitação funcional, estudamos a função sistólica e diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo em repouso e durante exercício submáximo em pacientes submetidos a ventriculectomia parcial esquerda e em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca não operados, pareados para capacidade funcional máxima e submáxima. Métodos. Foram estudados 9 pacientes submetidos previamente a ventriculografia parcial esquerda (VPE) e 9 pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca não operados previamente (IC). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos inicialmente a um teste cardiopulmonar para determinação do consumo de oxigênio no limiar anaeróbio (LA) e de pico (VO2 pico). Após, foram estudados através da ventriculografia radioisotópica e analisadas a fração de ejeção (FE) e a taxa máxima de enchimento (TME) do ventrículo esquerdo, em repouso e exercício na intensidade do LA. Resultados. Os grupos apresentaram capacidade funcional semelhante avaliada pelo VO2 pico (VPE: [média ± DP] 13,1 ± 3,3 ml/kg.min; IC: 14,1 ± 3,6 ml/kg.min; P > 0,05) e LA (VPE: 7,9 ± 1.3 ml/kg.min; IC: 8,5 ± 1,6 ml/kg.min; P > 0,05). A frequência cardíaca máxima foi maior no grupo IC em comparação ao grupo da VPE (VPE: 119 ± 20 bpm; IC: 149 ± 21 bpm; P < 0.05) A FE em repouso era mais elevada no grupo VPE (VPE: 40 ± 12 %; IC: 32 ± 9 %; P < 0,0125), entretanto a FE elevou-se do repouso ao LA apenas no grupo IC (VPE: 44 ± 17 %; IC: 39 ± 11 %; P < 0,0125). A TME foi semelhante em repouso (VPE: 1,41 ± 0,55 VDF/s; IC: 1,39 ± 0,55 VDF/s; P > 0,05) e aumentou na intensidade do LA similarmente em ambos os grupos (VPE: 2,28 ± 0,55 VDF/s; IC: 2,52 ± 1,07 VDF/s; P < 0,0125). Conclusão. Pacientes submetidos a ventriculectomia parcial esquerda apresentam uma o limiar anaeróbio (LA) resposta anormal da função sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo ao exercício na intensidade do LA e uma resposta cronotrópica diminuida ao exercício máximo. Essas respostas anormais podem contribuir para a limitada capacidade ao exercício destes pacientes, a despeito da melhora na função ventricular sistólica em repouso. / Background. Patients with heart failure who have undergone partial left ventriculectomy improve resting left ventricular systolic function, but maintain limited functional capacity. Objective. In order to better understand the mechanisms associated with this limitation, we studied the systolic and diastolic left ventricular function at rest and during submaximal exercise in patients with previous partial left ventriculectomy and in patients with heart failure who had not been operated, matched for maximal and submaximal exercise capacity. Methods: Nine patients with heart failure who were previously submitted to partial left ventriculectomy (PLV) were compared with a group of 9 patients with heart failure who had not been operated. All patients performed a cardiopulmonary exercise testing with measurement of peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and anaerobic threshold (AT). In a second evaluation, radionuclide left ventriculography was performed to analyze ejection fraction (EF) and peak filling rate (PFR) at rest and during exercise at the intensity corresponding to the AT. Results: Groups presented similar exercise capacity evaluated by VO2peak (PLV: [mean ± SD] 13.1 ± 3.3 mL/Kg.min; HF: 14.1 ± 3.6 mL/Kg.min; P > 0.05) and AT (PLV: 7.9 ± 1.3 mL/Kg.min; HF: 8.5 ± 1.6 mL/Kg.min; P > 0.05). Maximal heart rate was higher in the HF group when compared to the PLV group (PLV: 119 ± 20 bpm; HF: 149 ± 21 bpm; P < 0.05). EF at rest was higher in the PLV group (PLV: 40 ± 12 %; HF: 32 ± 9 %; P < 0.0125), however EF increased from rest to AT only in the HF group (PLV: 44 ± 17 %; HF: 39 ± 11 %; P < 0.0125). PFR was similar at rest (PLV: 1.41 ± 0.55 EDV/sec; HF: 1.39 ± 0.55 EDV/sec; P > 0.05) and increased in both groups at the AT intensity (PLV: 2.28 ± 0.55 EDV/sec; HF: 2.52 ± 1.07 EDV/sec; P < 0,0125). Conclusion: Patients who had partial left ventriculectomy present an abnormal response of left ventricular systolic function to exercise at the AT intensity and an impaired chronotropic response to maximal exercise. These abnormal responses may contribute to the limited exercise capacity of these patients, despite the improvement in resting left ventricular systolic function.

Uma nutrição maternal rica em lipídios pode causar prejuízos no desenvolvimento e na vida adulta dos descendentes, como elevado risco de desenvolver alterações metabólicas e obesidade, e também parece alterar a sinalização central por opióides. Porém, estudos realizados a fim de investigar a influência da dieta hiperlipídica (HF) materna sobre o comportamento materno e o desenvolvimento da prole não são conclusivos. Este trabalho investigou a influência da dieta HF sobre a interação mãe-filhote, em duas gerações, e os efeitos imediatos e tardios sobre a prole, relacionando-os ao sistema opióide. As mães HF apresentaram prejuízos na ejeção do leite e maior expressão dos receptores opióides no hipotálamo. No geral, os descendentes HF apresentaram elevados níveis de colesterol, baixa leptina plasmática, maior expressão de peptídeos relacionados à ingestão alimentar, e menor peso. Portanto, o consumo materno de dieta HF causou alterações metabólicas, comportamentais e na expressão gênica na mãe e nos descendentes, mesmo que esses animais não tenham se tornado obesos. / A maternal nutrition high in fat may impair offspring development and adulthood, increasing the risk to develop metabolic alterations and obesity, and may modify the opioids central signaling. However, studies investigating maternal high fat (HF) diet influences on maternal behavior and offspring development are inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the influences of a diet high in fat on mother-pup interaction, in two generations, and its early and late effects in the offspring, connecting them to the opioid system. HF dams show decreased milk ejections and higher expression of opioid receptors in the hypothalamus. Overall, HF offspring had higher cholesterol levels, less serum leptin, higher expression of peptides related to food intake, and were lighter. Therefore, maternal intake of HF diet promoted metabolic, behavioral and gene expression alterations in the mother and her offspring, even though these animals did not become obese.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:35:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ray Fernando Hidalgo Ramirez.pdf: 3985319 bytes, checksum: 0a36b0e596cb2c3f1eadaccfa8f843ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-17 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / Solar flares radio emissions provide detailed information on the energy release, particle acceleration, heating processes and plasma conditions at the sites where the radiation is generated. This study focuses in radio emission from millimeter, sub-millimeter and another complementary wavelengths obtained by recent observations that might improve the understanding of processes from the low chromosphere to the corona. Here we study a GOES class X1.7 flare on January 27, 2012 detected by the Solar Sub-millimeter Telescope (SST) at 212 and 405 GHz, and by the solar radio polarimeters (POEMAS) at 45 and 90 GHz. LASCO C2 coronagraph observed a coronal mass ejection (CME) with possible physical connection with phenomena observed at radio-frequencies, including changes in polarization degree (45 and 90 GHz) and enhancements of scintillation index (212 and 405 GHz). The complementary radio observations were obtained by the Radio Solar Telescopes Network (RSTN) at the single frequencies 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 1.4, 2.7, 4.9, 8.8 and 15.4 GHz and at the 25 - 180 MHz band, and by the Green Bank Solar Radio Burst Spectrometer (GBSRBS) at the 100 - 300 MHz and 300 - 1200 MHz bands. The solar flare exhibits a complex time structure at microwaves consisting of three major enhancements. Type III-like metric and decametric bursts were accompanied by small polarized burst at 45 and 90 GHz with polarization degrees of 0.09 and 0.12, suggesting changes in the magnetic field strength the order of 700 and 2000 G, respectively. SST detected one impulsive burst and significant 10% enhancements of scintillation index intermittently throughout the event. The CME launch time inferred by back extrapolation of the LASCO coronagraph observations to the solar limb coincides approximately in time to the changes in polarization degree, suggesting that CME might be a result of a magnetic transient causing an instability generating the subsequent impulsive structures. / As emissões em rádio das explosões solares provém informações detalhadas dos processos de liberação de energia, aceleração de partículas, aquecimento e condições do plasma na região onde a radiação é gerada. Este estudo concentra-se em rádio emissões nos comprimentos de onda milimétricos, sub-milimétricos e outras frequências complementares obtidas por observações recentes que podem melhorar o entendimento dos processos na baixa cromosfera até a coroa. Foi estudada uma explosão solar classe GOES X1.7 ocorrida no dia 27 de janeiro de 2012, detectada pelo Telescópio Solar Sub-milimétrico (SST) em 212 e 405 GHz e pelos rádio polarímetros solares em 45 e 90 GHz. Uma ejeção de massa coronal (CME) foi observada pelo coronógrafo C2 de LASCO com possível conexão física com os fenômenos observados em rádio frequências, incluindo mudanças no grau de polarização (45 e 90 GHz) e aumentos no índice de cintilação (212 e 405 GHz). As rádio observações complementares foram obtidas em frequências distintas, pela Rede de Rádio Telescópios Solares (RSTN), de 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 1,4; 2,7; 4,9; 8,8 e 15,4 GHz e nas faixas de 25 - 180 MHz, e pelo Rádio Espectrômetro Solar Green Bank (GBSRBS) nas faixas de 100 - 300 MHz e 300 - 1200 MHz. A explosão solar apresenta uma estrutura temporal complexa em micro-ondas composta por três aumentos característicos. Explosões métricas e decamétricas tipo III foram acompanhadas por pequenas explosões com polarização em 45 e 90 GHz com graus de polarização de 0,09 e 0,12, sugerindo variações de campo magnético da ordem de 700 e 2000 G, respectivamente. O SST detectou uma explosão impulsiva e aumentos significativos de 10% no índice de cintilação de forma intermitente durante todo o evento. O tempo de lançamento da CME inferido por extrapolação das observações do coronógrafo LASCO ao limbo solar coincide aproximadamente com o instante do excesso de emissão e mudança do grau de polarização em 45 e 90 GHz, sugerindo que a CME tenha resultado de um transiente magnético ocasionando uma instabilidade que gerou as estruturas impulsivas subsequentes.

La spectrométrie de masse, en particulier le couplage HPLC/MRM3, est un outil bien adapté au diagnostic in vitro, particulièrement en microbiologie clinique. L’utilisation en routine de cette technologie est cependant tributaire de sa sensibilité et de sa spécificité. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’étudier la possibilité d’éjecter et de détecter simultanément et de façon sélective des ions de ratio masse/charge donnés, ceux-ci étant confinés dans un piège ionique quadrupolaire. Cette approche permet de supprimer les étapes de balayage en masse et d’intégration mathématique du signal en mode MRM3 ce qui permet de gagner à la fois en sensibilité et en spécificité (en diminuant le temps de cycle et en diminuant le rapport signal sur bruit). Cet objectif a été poursuivi premièrement par une étude théorique approfondie des équations du mouvement des ions dans un piège radiofréquence ; deuxièmement par une étude numérique de la stabilité de ces équations et enfin troisièmement par une validation expérimentale de ces résultats théoriques. La présentation de ces trois approches fait l’objet du présent mémoire / Mass spectrometry, and more specifically HPLC/MRM3, is a very suitable tool for in vitro diagnostic. Nevertheless high sensitivity and specificity has to be reached for one to use mass spectrometry as a routine technique in clinical microbiology. The objective of this work is to study the possibility of ejecting, and thus detecting, simultaneously ions several desired m/z ratio stored in a quadrupolar ion trap. This approach allows suppressing altogether the mass scan and mathematical integration stages, leading to an improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio and a decrease of the cycle time which increase both sensitivity and specificity. This objective was carried out by an extensive mathematical and numerical study of the stability of the ions’ motion equation comforted by experimental data